MRA & Flow of Neurovascular Diseases
Hall D Tuesday 13:30-15:30
13:30
3416.
A Novel Technique of Cranial MR Angiography: Hybrid MRA
Computer 38
Takao
Kodama1, Takanori Yano1, Shozo Tamura1, Yoshio
Machida2, Tokunori Kimura2
1Faculty
of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; 2Toshiba
Medical Systems, Otawara, Japan
We
developed a new MRA sequence, hybrid MRA (HMRA), combining the contrast of
time-of-flight (TOF) and flow-sensitive black blood (FSBB) by using the
dual-echo data acquisition. The gradient moment nulling (GMN) and dephasing
gradient was applied to obtain the first echo and the second echo,
respectively. Original images of the HMRA were made by subtracting the
second-echo images from the first-echo images. This sequence was more sensitive
to slow flow than 3D TOF MRA and seemed to be a feasible technique or
evaluating steno-occlusive vascular disease.
14:00
3417.
GRAPPA with a TWIST: Dynamic 4D CE MRA of the Cerebral Vasculature at
Near Isotropic Resolution
Computer 38
Jens
Olaf Heidenreich1, Martin Blaimer1, Randall Kroeker, Gerhard
Laub, Jeffrey L. Duerk1, Jeffrey Sunshine1, Mark Griswold1
1Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
GRAPPA
and TWIST were combined to a novel 4D dynamic high resolution contrast enhanced
magnetic resonance angiography allowing for the first time to image the entire
cerebral vasculature during a contrast bolus passage at near isotropic
resolution. In 25 neurological patients this technique showed improved small
vessel depiction over the current clinical standard TOF-MRA. It also delivered
superior results in patients prone to motion and those with metal artifacts.
The simplicity of data acquisition makes bolus timing unnecessary, readily
shows all phases of anatomy from arteries through veins, and can strongly
impact imaging of patient cerebral vasculature in daily practice.
Computer 38
Fatemeh
Barkhordarian1, Derek G. Lohan1, Aparna Singhal1,
reza habibi1, Abbas Nasiraei-Moghaddam1, Roya Saleh1,
Pablo Villablanca1, Paul J. Finn1
1UCLA,
Los Angeles, USA
Precise
quantification of cerebral blood volume flow with combined morphological and
hemodynamic data has many potential applications in neurovascular imaging.We sought
to evaluate the normal ranges of caroticovertebral blood flow in a large number
of patients with normal MR Angiography using a high temporal resolution
protocol at 3.0 Tesla,thus providing reference values for future access and
suggest that there is considerable variability in ‘normal’ cerebral blood flow
in the absence of strong relationship with patient age or gender.
Computer 38
WU
Bing1,2, GUO Jia3, Wong Eric C.4,
WANG Xiaoying1,3, ZHANG Jue3, JIANG Xue-xiang1,
FANG Jing3
1Peking
University 1st Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; 2Peking
University , Beijing, People's Republic of China; 3Peking
University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; 4University of
California,
We
present a new method, vessel encoded imaging(VEI), for evaluating the
individual brain-feeding arteries of healthy volunteers and carotid occlusion
patients quantitatively and qualitatively. VEI can measure elective cerebral
blood flow (sCBF) mapping of the flow territories of the left and right
internal carotid arteries and vertebrobasilar arteries, which could aid in the
planning and staging of interventions such as carotid endarterectomy, stenting,
or bypass.
Computer 39
Naoyuki
Takei1, Mitsuharu Miyoshi1, Tetsuji Tsukamoto1
1GE
Yokogawa Medical Systems.Ltd, Hino, Japan
Selective
inversion recovery pulse (SIR) has been used for non-contrast agent MR
angiography. However in-flow time is restricted to the inversion time (TI). Aim
of our study is to enhance depiction of arteries with longer in-flow time over
TI for background suppression. At first SlR is applied. After a waiting time,
non-selective inversion pulse follows. The multiple inversion pulses offer a
longer in-flow time. Separation of arteries from veins was successfully performed
with TI=1300 to 2000 ms in volunteer scans. This method provides a longer
in-flow time of arteries than the T1 value of vein and improved depiction of
arteries.
14:00
3421.
Carotid Plaque Imaging with BLADE
Computer 39
Masahiro
Ida1, Kennichi Motoyoshi1, Hiroyuki Fukuyama1,
Hisashi Yoshizawa1, Naoya Yorozu1, Keiko Hino1
1Tokyo
Metroplolitan Ebara Hospital, Oota-ku, Japan
BLADE-T2WI
and T1WI are feasible for detecting not only atherosclerotic carotid plaque but
also the neighboring
turbulent
flow, which is a risk factor of the intimal injury. Multi-slice BLADE sequences
are useful methods and the initial sequences of choice for screening of carotid
plaque and its risk factor.BLADE dark blood (DB) sequences with cardiac gating
are the best-preferred methods for precise evaluation of anatomical details and
plaque contents. When multi-slice BLADE T2WI and T1WI show positive findings,
single-slice BLADE-DB sequences with cardiac gating should be added to access
carotid plaque precisely.
14:30
3422.
Assessment of Intracranial Aneurysm Thrombosis with Patient-Specific
Computational Models Based on MRI Data
Vitaliy
L. Rayz1, Loic Boussel1,2, Joseph R. Leach1,
Gabriel Acevedo-Bolton1, Randall T. Higashida3, Michael
T. Lawton3, Alastair J. Martin3, William L. Young3,
David Saloner,13
1VA
Medical Center, San Francisco, USA; 2Créatis-LRMN (LB, PCD), UMR CNRS 5515, INSERM U630, Lyon, France; 3University
of California San Francisco, USA
MR
imaging and velocimetry were used to predict the flow in patients who had
thrombus-free vessels, and then proceeded to develop intra-aneurysmal thrombus.
High resolution, contrast-enhanced MRA images were used to obtain
patient-specific lumenal geometries. Images obtained at baseline and at follow
up studies were co-registered to determine regions of thrombus formation.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models were constructed using the baseline
geometries and inlet conditions. Results indicate a strong similarity between
the slow flow regions predicted in CFD simulations and the regions filled with
thrombus in vivo. This study indicates computational models may offer guidance
for cerebral aneurysms treatment.
Computer 39
Yoshiyasu
Hiratsuka1, Hitoshi Miki1, Keiichi Kikuchi1,
Ikuko Kiriyama1, Teruhito Mochizuki1, Shizue Takahashi2,
Ichiro Matsubara3, Kazuhiko Sadamoto3
1Ehime
University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan; 2Ehime National
Hospital, Toon, Japan; 3Washo-kai Sadamoto Hospital, Matsuyama,
Japan
The
purpose of this study was to compare 3D time-of-flight magnetic resonance
angiography (3D TOF MRA) at 3 tesla (T) and 64-channnel multidetector row computed
tomographic angiography (64-MDCTA) in the detection of angiographically proved
unruptured intracranial aneurysms with a blind reader study.3 T 3D TOF MRA and
64-MDCTA are excellent examinations with high diagnostic accuracy for detection
of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. These two modalities have the almost same
ability for evaluation of intracranial aneurysms, and there is no significant
difference. 3D TOF MRA is free from the risks concerning the use of contrast
media or the exposure of x-ray, and widely applied for the screening
examination of evaluation of intracranial aneurysms. From this results, with
regard to the evaluation of intracranial aneurysms, improvement of diagnosis on
3 T TOF MRA will reduce the necessity for the additional CTA examination after
MRA.
13:30
3424.
Can the Hemodynamic Geographical Factors Be the Cause of Concurrent
Cavernous Malformation in the Cerebral Developmental Venous Anomaly?
Computer 40
Yoo
Jin Hong1, Tae-Sub Chung2, Kwon Duk Seo1, Sang
Hyun Suh2, Kyung Yul Lee2
1Yongdong
Severance Hospital,Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of
Korea; 2Yongdong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Hemodynamic
disturbance within the territory DVA by geographical factors may be a key
factor in leading to cascade of events and subsequent development of a CM and
3.0 T high resolution MR units would be helpful to depict the find
morphological detail of small vascular structures of DVA and CM and find such
hemodynamic geographical factors.
14:00
3425.
Flow-Sensitive Black Blood Imaging for Evaluating Vascular Malformations
Computer 40
Takao
Kodama1, Takanori Yano2, Shozo Tamura1, Yoshio
Machida3, Tokunori Kimura3
1Faculty
of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; 2Faculty of
Medicine, University of Miyazaki,, Miyazaki, Japan; 3Toshiba Medical
Systems, Otawara, Japan
The
Purpose of this study was to estimate the utility of the newly developed
flow-sensitive black blood (FS-BB) sequence in the evaluation of the vascular
malformations. On the FS-BB imaging, the vascular structures can be enhanced by
applying the dephaging gradient to susceptibility-weighted imaging. All venous
malformations were more clearly visualized on FS-BB than flow-insensitive black
blood (FI-BB) images. On FS-BB images, all of arteries, niduses, veins, and
hemorrhagic lesions appeared as gblackh structures in patients with
arteriovenous malformation or dural arteriovenous fistula. FS-BB can be a
feasible tool for evaluating vascular malformations.
14:30
3426.
Imaging the Cerebral Venous Sinuses’ Puls Curve by Ultrafast Dynamic
BOLD MRI
Computer 40
Jan-Hendrik
Buhk1,2, Gunther Schütze1, Kai Kallenberg1,
Gunther Helms1, Jürgen Baudewig1, Andreas Wellmer1,
Michael Knauth1, Peter Dechent1
1University
Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
Fast
and dynamic imaging of the cerebral venous sinuses’ puls curve could be a
useful additional tool in clinical diagnostic imaging of diseases like cerebral
sinus thrombosis. We present a pilot study to evaluate the possibilities of
fast dynamic single-slice blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) imaging in
displaying rhythmic signal changes in the cerebral venous sinuses. These
findings highly correlate with reference techniques like phase contrast
angiography (PCA) and duplex sonography, therefore the demonstration of an
intracranial venous pulse curve is feasible.
Computer 40
Chris
Heyn1, Julien Poublanc1, Jay S. Han2, Danny M.
Mandell1, Jeff A. Stainsby3, Adrian P. Crawley1,
Karel G. terBrugge1, Joseph A. Fisher2, David J. Mikulis1
1Toronto
Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada; 2Toronto General Hospital,
Toronto, Canada; 3GE Healthcare, Toronto, Canada
Moyamoya
disease (MMD) is a vasculopathy characterized by progressive narrowing of
proximal circle of Willis vessels and the formation of secondary
collaterals. As the disease advances,
adequate perfusion distal to vessel stenoses is lost when compensatory
vasodilatation reaches a maximum.
Further increases in vascular resistance ultimately leads to tissue
oligemia and possible ischemia.
Recently, we have developed a methodology for rapidly and accurately
controlling end tidal PCO2 utilizing a CO2 rebreathing device. Using this technique with blood oxygen level
dependent (BOLD) MRI, a quantitative map of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR),
defined as the change in MR signal per mmHg change in end tidal PCO2, can be
generated for patients with MMD. In the
present work, we apply BOLD CVR to patients with MMD and correlate the
quantitative high resolution maps with angiographic features found on
conventional vessel angiography.
Reduction in mean CVR correlates well with the degree of MMD disease
measured by modified Suzuki score or the presence of moya vessels and pial
collaterals as visualized by conventional angiography.
Multiple Sclerosis: Disease Severity, Progression
Hall D Tuesday 13:30-15:30
Computer 42
Benedetta
Bodini1,2, Zhaleh Khaleeli1, Mara Cercignani1,3,
David H. Miller1, Alan J. Thompson1, Olga Ciccarelli1
1University
College of London, London, UK; 2Sapienza, Università di Roma, Roma,
Italy; 3Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
We
used tract based spatial statistics and voxel based morphometry to assess
separately white and grey matter abnormalities in patients with early primary
progressive MS to clarify in vivo the relationship between the pathological
processes occurring in the two compartments. We found 11 areas of anatomical
correspondence between white and grey matter damage; however, when investigating
the presence of a quantitative
correlation, this was only found in 4 clinically eloquent regions. In such
regions, we found that grey and white matter damage contribute to disability
independently from each other.
14:00
3429.
MRI Correlates of Hippocampal Demyelination in Multiple Sclerosis Brains
Computer 42
Elizabeth
Fisher1, Ansi Chang1, Kunio Nakamura1, Richard
A. Rudick1, Bruce D. Trapp1
1Cleveland
Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Histopathologic
studies have demonstrated extensive demyelination in hippocampus in MS brains,
but MRI correlates have not been defined. To investigate whether hippocampal
pathology can be detected using common MRI sequences, we compared imaging
characteristics in normally myelinated (n=4) and severely demyelinated (n=5)
hippocampi obtained from MS patients post-mortem. MRIs were acquired in situ,
prior to tissue fixation. Mean T2, T1, and MTR contrast ratios were not
different, but MTR histograms from demyelinated hippocampi were shifted
downward. These data suggest that MTR histogram peak position may a marker of
hippocampal pathology in MS patients.
14:30
3430.
Cognitive Dysfunction in Benign MS is Associated with Increased Severity
of Corpus Callosum Damage
Computer 42
Elisabetta
Pagani1, Sarlota Mesaros1, Marco Rovaris1,
Domenico Caputo2, Angelo Ghezzi3, Ruggero Capra4,
Antonio Bertolotto5, Gianna Riccitelli1, Vittorio
Martinelli1, Giancarlo Comi1, Massimo Filippi1
1Scientific
Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; 2Scientific
Institute Don Gnocchi, Milan, Italy; 3Ospedale di Gallarate,
Gallarate, Italy; 4Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; 5O
In
this study we wished to investigate the relationship between the cognitive
profile of benign multiple sclerosis (BMS) patients and the extent of tissue
damage in the corpus callosum (CC). A method, which enables us to track and
investigate atrophy and tissue damage of the CC was used in 54 BMS patients and
correlations with neuropsychological tests (NPT) exploring memory, attention
and frontal lobe cognitive domains were investigated. We found that cognitive
dysfunction is associated with an increased severity of CC damage, in terms of
both discrete lesions and fiber bundle disruption.
15:00
3431.
Changes in Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Blood Volume During MS
Lesion Development and Evolution
Computer 42
Jeffrey
Moses Njus1, Xin Li1,2, Charles S. Springer1,2,
Maria Taylor3, Tiana Greisel1, Frank W. Telang2,
Patricia K. Coyle3, William D. Rooney1,2
1Oregon
Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; 2Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, USA; 3Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, USA
Brain
1H8O R1 [&[ident] T1-1]
data were collected from 12 healthy controls and 16 MS subjects at 4 T before
and after gadolinium contrast reagent administration. Normal appearing white and gray matter ROIs
were selected and Ktrans and mole fraction blood water (pb)
values were compared between control and MS groups. These were monitored during the development
and evolution of MS lesions.
Computer 43
Anna
Prinster1, Mario Quarantelli1,2, Roberta
Lanzillo3, Carmine Mollica2, Petronilla Salvatore2,
Giuseppe Orefice2, Bruno Alfano1, Vincenzo Brescia Morra2,
Arturo Brunetti,12, Marco Salvatore2
1National
Research Council, Naples, Italy; 2University "Federico
II", Naples, Italy; 3Hermitage Hospital IDC, Naples, Italy
Possible
correlations between brain tissue loss and clinical severity were investigated
using optimized VBM in 128 RR MS patients, showing a preferential correlation
with EDSS of GM volume reduction in the primary motor cortex bilaterally, with
an associated preferential right-sided tWM loss in subcortical regions stemming
from the rolandic areas and following the pyramidal tract down to the
brainsteam.
14:00
3433.
Susceptibility-Weighted MR Imaging of Vascular Distribution in
White-Matter MS Lesions
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Jennifer
Elizabeth Dixon1, Emma C. Tallantyre1, Paul S. Morgan1,
Matthew J. Brookes1, Nikos Evangelou1, Peter G. Morris1
1The
University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
The
relationship between white-matter MS lesions and parenchymal blood vessels has
been found to be predictive of treatment response, and is therefore of
considerable clinical interest. Previous in vivo studies have been limited by
the inability to view both the lesion and blood vessel on one MR image,
resulting in the failure to determine their exact spatial relationship. In this
study, we present susceptibility-weighted MR imaging at 7 Tesla as a technique
for the identification of both lesions and blood vessels, aiding the study of
the perivascular distribution of MS lesions.
14:30
3434.
DCE-MRI Ktrans Mapping of MS Lesion Evolution in Individuals
Computer 43
Jeffrey
Moses Njus1, Xin Li1,2, Charles S. Springer,
Jr.1,2, Maria Taylor3, Frank W. Telang2,
Patricia K. Coyle3, William D. Rooney1,2
1Oregon
Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; 2Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, USA; 3Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, USA
Transient
focal disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the most pronounced
cerebrovascular abnormality in multiple sclerosis (MS) brain tissue. Though serial MRI studies involving
gadolinium (Gd) contrast reagents have provided evidence that BBB permeability
compromise is among the earliest expressions of MS pathology detectable by
imaging techniques, quantitative BBB permeability changes throughout the course
of lesion evolution have not be examined. In this study, we apply pharmacokinetic
mapping techniques via dynamic-contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI as means of
investigating quantitative BBB permeability heterogeneity changes in
relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) brain tissue throughout the different phases of
lesion development.
15:00
3435.
Deep Gray Matter Atrophy as an MRI Metric of Physical and Cognitive
Impairment in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Computer 43
Antonio
Gallo1, Iordanis E. Evangelou1, Vasiliki N. Ikonomidou1,
Robert L. Kane, Susan K. Stern1, Joan M. Ohayon1, Fredric
Cantor1, Henry McFarland1, Francesca Bagnato1
1National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
We
investigated the role of deep gray matter (dGM) atrophy in determining physical
and cognitive impairment in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Twenty-four
MS patients and 24 age-, gender- and education-matched healthy volunteers (HVs)
underwent 3T MPRAGE, clinical and an extensive neuropsychological evaluation.
dGM structures were segmented using the FreeSurfer software and volumes of both
the thalamus (Th-vol) and basal ganglia (BG-vol) were obtained. Th-vol was
significantly reduced in MS patients with respect to HVs, whereas differences
in BG-vol did not reach statistical significance. Further analysis showed that
atrophy of dGM structures correlated well with physical and several cognitive
scores.
13:30
3436.
Correlating Iron with T2 Signal Intensity in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions
Using Susceptibility Weighted Imaging
Computer 44
E.
Mark Haacke1, Malek Makki1, Yulin Ge2, Megha
Maheshwari1, James Garbern1, Omar Khan1, Jiani
Hu1, Madesh Selvan1, Latif Zahid1
1Wayne
State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; 2New York University, New
York, New York, USA
Susceptibility
weighted imaging (SWI) filtered phase data provides a means to monitor changes
in iron content from hemosiderin. We used SWI to image multiple sclerosis
lesions and compare them to those seen in T2 imaging. We find that the putative
iron content associated with SWI phase images correlates negatively with T2
hyperintensities in multiple sclerosis lesions.
14:00
3437.
Automated System for Temporal Tracking of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions
Computer 44
Michel
Bilello1, Chamith S. Rajapakse1, Neerav Mehta1,
Ragini Verma1, Elias R. Melhem1
1University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
Interpretation
of MRI scans of multiple sclerosis patients can be a very challenging task for
the neuroradiologist due to changes in size, shape and position of the lesions.
Manual tracking of temporal evolution of lesions is time and labor intensive
and prone to inter-rater variability. Some of these limitations and challenges
can be overcome by using a standardized automated system presented here. The
accuracy and robustness of the predictions given by the automated system was
validated with data made available by collaborative MS studies and those
generated by a modified protocol.
14:30
3438.
Multiparametric MR Analysis of Temporal Evolution of Abnormality in MS
Computer 44
Nematollah
Batmanghelich1, Xiaoying Wu1, Christos Davatzikos1,
Clyde E. Markowitz1, Ragini Verma1
1University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
Various
modalities, have been used individually to quantify damage in the normal
appearing brain tissue(NABT); however, few studies combine these modalities to
derive better information about tissue abnormality, with most methods
concentrating on lesion segmentation rather than tissue abnormality
characterization. We combine several MR modalities into a probabilistic pattern
classification method to determine a voxel-wise probabilistic tissue abnormality
score. This score can then been correlated with clinical and cognitive scores
to study temporal WM changes. This method is applicable to studying treatment
effects and can help physicians determine the extent of abnormality beyond the
conventional visual symptoms like lesions.
Computer 44
Michael
G. Dwyer1, Milena Stosic1, Sara Hussein1,
Arpad Kelemen1, David Wack1, Robert Zivadinov1
1State
University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
Magentization
transfer imaging (MTI) may provide a means for detecting demyelination and
remyelination in-vivo in patients with multiple scelrosis. We demonstrate a sensitive and statistically
sound technique for identifying and quantifying areas of focal magentization
transfer ratio (MTR) via longitudinal MTI.
This method is based on random field theory (RFT), and may have
significant sensitivity and specificity advantages over whole-brain,
region-of-interest, or purely voxel-wise approaches.
13:30
3440.
Voxel Based DTI Analysis Predicts Suggestive of MS Track in Clinically
Isolated Syndrome Patients
Computer 45
Yasheng
Chen1, Valerie Jewells1, Silva Markovic-Plese1,
Hongtu Zhu1, Diane Armao1, Hongyu An1,
Elizabeth Bullitt1, Weili Lin1
1The
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Patients
presenting as clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) were imaged using DTI and were
clinically evaluated ~2yrs after the initial DTI scans. Based on the clinical status, patients were
divided into two groups: suggestive of multiple sclerosis (CIS-MS) and not
suggestive of MS (CIS-NMS). Voxel-based
analysis of the baseline DTI revealed that CIS-MS patients demonstrated
significantly more severe sub-cortical abnormalities when compared with CIS-NMS
patients. Thus, our findings strongly
supported that DTI may be a powerful imaging marker to predict CIS patients who
may evolve into MS in future, allowing potentially early therapeutic
intervention to reverse/retard the disease processes.
Computer 45
Elisabetta
Pagani1, Sarlota Mesaros1, Marco Rovaris1,
Domenico Caputo2, Mauro Zaffaroni3, Ruggero Capra4,
Antonio Bertolotto5, Vittorio Martinelli1, Giancarlo Comi1,
Massimo Filippi1
1Scientific
Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; 2Scientific
Institute Don Gnocchi, Milan, Italy; 3Ospedale di Gallarate,
Gallarate, Italy; 4Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; 5O
We
used voxel-based morphometry to assess regional grey matter (GM) atrophy
changes in 60 patients with benign mulitple sclerosis (BMS), 35 with secondary
progressive (SP) MS and 21 controls. Compared to controls, SPMS patients showed
a pattern of widespread GM atrophy, while BMS had reduced GM volume in the
subcortical and frontoparietal regions. In comparison with BMS patients, those
with SPMS had significant GM loss in the both cerebellar hemispheres, as well
as in the right nucleus dentatus. Cerebellar atrophy seems to be a major
determinant of irreversible locomotor disability in MS.
14:30
3442.
Segmentation of 3T Diffusion Tensor Images with Multiple Sclerosis
Lesions
Computer 45
Mustafa
Okan Irfanoglu1, Steffen Sammet1, Regina Maria Koch1,
Raghu Machiraju1, Michael V. Knopp1
1The
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
Diffusion
Tensor Imaging has a significant use in early diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
(MS). The traditional methods of MS lesion detection are based on building
statistical distributions of white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) and
diffusivity (ADC) of healthy regions and trying to detect deviations from these
distributions. In this study, we propose a novel method for segmenting
diffusion tensors, which makes use of the entire tensor information instead of
derived scalar fields and use this segmentation approach to detect candidate MS
lesions.
15:00
3443.
High-Resolution in Vivo Imaging of Cortical Lesions in Multiple
Sclerosis: A Comparison of 3T and 7T
Computer 45
Jennifer
Elizabeth Dixon1, Paul S. Morgan1, Emma C. Tallantyre1,
Matthew J. Brookes1, Nikos Evangelou1, Peter G. Morris1
1The
University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Post-mortem
MS studies have shown significant demyelination of the deep and cortical grey
matter (GM), but in vivo study is made difficult due to the insensitivity of
MRI to this type of lesion. The spatial resolution and contrast mechanisms available
at 7T appears to be advantageous in the detection and delineation of these
lesions, suggesting that it will be a useful tool in the study of cortical
pathology.
13:30
3444.
3T Sodium MRI of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Computer 46
Guillaume
Madelin1, Niels Oesingmann2, Sonia Nielles-Vallespin3,
Joseph Herbert1, Glyn Johnson1, Matilde Inglese1
1New
York University, New York, New York, USA; 2Siemens Medical
Solutions, New York, New York, USA; 3AG Siemens Medical Solutions,
Erlangen, Germany
Axonal
degeneration occurs from the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) and it is thought
to be a significant cause of disability. Several studies have shown that the
accumulation of sodium in the axons can promote degeneration. Sodium MRI
provides an indicator of cellular and metabolic integrity and has been applied
to the study of patients with brain tumors and stroke. The aim of this study
was to demonstrate the feasibility of performing sodium MRI of the brain in
patients with MS and to report preliminary results of the changes of tissue
sodium concentration in MRI-visible lesions and normal-appearing white matter.
Computer 46
Yang
Duan1,2, Mehu P. Sampat1, Peter G. Hildenbrand1,
David F. Tate1, Yi Tang1, Annika M. Berger1,
Dominik S. Meier1, Charles R.G. Guttmann R.G Guttmann1
1Brigham
and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 2The
First Hospital, China Medical School, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
We
analyzed YYA based on the underlying registration mechanism, to facilitate in
understanding of the their causes and accuracy in interpreting lesion
progressions on subtraction images. Dual echo PD/T2 weighted MR images were
acquired, co-registered, intensity normalized and subtracted. YYA is a
counterpoised increase and decrease of signal changes around lesions on
subtraction images. YYA was identified and classified into four subtypes by
radiologists according to mis-registration orientation, corresponding to
patients’ movement on right-left (I), anterior-posterior (II), cranial-caudal
(III) and combined shifting dimension (IV) respectively. Type III and IV
occurred more frequent than type II and I.
14:30
3446.
Coarseness of MRI Texture in Acute Lesions Relates to Subsequent
Recovery Activity in Multiple Sclerosis
Computer 46
Yunyan
Zhang1, Hongmei Zhu2, Joseph Ross Mitchell1,
Luanne M. Metz1
1University
of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; 2York University, Toronto, Canada
Texture
property in new multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions were quantified on 1.5T
T2-weighted MRI 2 months before and 8 months after the appearance of
gadolinium-enhancement using the multiscale polar Stockwell transform (PST).
Seven/12 lesions were persisting (T2 hyperintensity) and 5/12 were invisible
(no hyperintensity) 8 months post-enhancement. Significantly higher coarse
texture (low frequency) was observed in the persisting lesions than that in the
invisible lesions in the pre-lesional NAWM, during acute phase, and at chronic
phase (P<0.05). This preliminary study indicates that the PST analysis may
be useful in predicting lesion recovery on conventional T2-weighted MRI in MS.
Computer 46
Olof
Dahlqvist Leinhard1,2, Jacek Jaworski1, Maria
Gustavsson1, Anders Tisell1, Dominique Gladigau1,
Anne-Marie Landtblom1, Peter Lundberg1
1University
of Linkoping, Linkoping, Sweden
Multiple
sclerosis can be treated with immunomodulatory drugs that can decrease the
number and severity of bouts and also slower disability-progress. The
mechanism, however is not fully understood. In order to improve the assessment
of changes in the brain metabolome using MRS, a method was developed that
allows for absolute quantification of metabolites as NAA, Cho, myo-Ins, Cr,
Lac, Glc etc. Proton-MRS spectroscopy was performed before and after more than
two years of betainterferon treatment. We report a decrease of NAA, as a marker
of neuronal status and an increase of myo-Inositol due to degradation in these
treated patients.
Prion Disease & Neurodegenerative Disorders
Hall D Tuesday 13:30-15:30
Computer 47
Harpreet
Hyare1,2, Po-Wah So2, John S. Thornton1,
Caroline Powell1, Harry Parkes1, Durrenajaf Siddique1,
Steve Wroe1, Sebastian Brandner1, Tarek Yousry1
1Institute
of Neurology, London, UK; 2MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith
Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
Ex
vivo MRM at 9.4T can depict pathology characteristic of vCJD by demonstrating
apparent loss of the normal intracortical laminations. These observations will be increasingly
relevant as high-field MRI systems with improved spatial resolution enter
clinical practice, when in vivo assessment of the cerebral cortex may prove
highly beneficial in the diagnosis and monitoring of vCJD
Computer 47
Harpreet
Hyare1,2, John S. Thornton1, Durrenajaf
Siddique1, Laura Mancini1, Jager Rolf1, Steve
Wroe1, Caroline Powell1, Sebastian Brandner1,
Po-Wah So2, Tarek Yousry1
1Institute
of Neurology, London, UK; 2MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith
Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
Despite
the hyperintensity seen on DWI, in vivo pulvinar ADCs were increased in vCJD
compared with controls, suggesting that this pulvinar hyperintensity is a T2
effect, while histological analysis demonstrated that gliosis in the pulvinar
is likely to be the pathological substrate.
Correlations between ex vivo FA and histopathological scores were
negative for spongiosis and positive for gliosis, suggesting the latter may
reinforce the directional organization of the neuropil. Future studies will
determine the value of in vivo DTI metrics as pathologically specific indices
of disease severity in vCJD.
14:30
3450.
Influence of B Factor on ADC Sensitivity in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Computer 47
Hedok
Lee1, Andrew Degnan1, Chen Hoffmann2, Peter
Barbara Kingsley3,4, Isak Prohovnik1
1Mount
Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; 2Chaim Sheba
Medical Center, Israel; 3North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset,
USA; 4New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York,
USA
In
this first rigorous test of the influence of b factor (1000 Vs 2000 s/mm^2) on
the sensitivity of DWI to detect Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, we scanned 13 CJD
patients and 15 healthy relatives at both b levels, computed ADC, and
quantitatively compared the results both in voxel-level (SPM5) and VOI (FSL)
analyses. The b=2000 data showed greater
ADC reductions in patients compared to controls, and larger areas of
statistically significant ADC reductions, especially in the thalamus and
caudate nucleus. The findings
demonstrate that MRI can be more sensitive to reduced diffusivity in basal
ganglia at b=2000 than at b=1000.
Computer 47
Durrenajaf
Siddique1,2, S Wroe1,2, H Hyare2,
T Webb1,2, R Macfarlane1,2, J
Collinge1,2, S Walker3, T Yousry4,
JS Thornton4
1National
Prion Clinic, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK; 2Institute
of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; 3Medical Research Council
Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK; 4Lysholm Depar
Inherited
prion diseases (IPD) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders, conventional
MR neuroimaging often being unremarkable. Global and tissue-specific cerebral
magnetisation transfer ratios (MTRs) were investigated in twenty-three
patients, using MTR and conventional imaging. Whole-brain, white and grey
matter histogram mean, peak height, peak location, and MTR at the 25th, 50th
and 75th percentile were calculated, and
patients evaluated using videoed and non-videoed neurological rating
scales. Significant (p<0.01) bivariate Spearman rank correlations were found
between multiple histogram parameters and clinical scores, with a single
pathological conventional MR. MTR histogram measures may provide valuable
indices of IPD disease severity for future therapeutic trials.
Computer 48
Durrenajaf
Siddique1, Harpreet Hyare1, Steve Wroe1, John
Collinge1, Caroline Powell1, Sebastian Brandner1,
Po-Wah So2, Tarek Yousry1, John S. Thornton1
1Institute
of Neurology, London, UK; 2MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith
Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
We
have shown for the first time that, ex vivo, MTR is lower in cortical and deep
grey matter, but not white matter, in patients with prion disease compared to
controls, presumably reflecting an increase in the fraction of free-to-bound
water. In targeted high-resolution MTR measurements we have also shown that
cortical MTR correlated negatively with increasing spongiosis, a
histopathological feature unique to prion disease. The major advantage of post mortem
quantitative MRI is the possibility of direct comparison with histology; our
results suggest that MTR may provide a useful in vivo surrogate marker for
pathology in human prion disease.
Computer 48
Rajkumar
Munian Govindan1, Malek Makki1, Michael Behen1,
Harry T. Chugani1
1Wayne
State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
Volumetric
and functional imaging studies of individuals with Tourette Syndrome (TS) have
revealed regional abnormalities typically in structures comprising the
fronto-striato-thalamic circuit.
However, few studies have evaluated connectivity between the components
of this circuit. With diffusion tensor
imaging (DTI) and probabilisitic tractography, it is now possible to evaluate
white matter integrity. We used DTI
tractography to evaluate fronto-striatal and fronto-thalamic connectivity in
children with TS as compared to age and gender matched healthy controls. Results showed decreased connectivity in
fronto-striatal and fronto-thalamic pathways of TS group, which provides
further support for the involvement of the fronto-striato-thalamic circuit in
TS.
14:30
3454.
Combined 31P and 1H-MRS Study on Brain Energy Metabolism in Progressive
Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)
Computer 48
Ulrich
Pilatus1, Maria Stamelou, Jörg Magerkurth1, P Niklowitz,
A Reuss, K M. Eggert, C Schade-Brittinger, W Oertel, Heiner Lanfermann1,
G U. Höglinger
1Johann
Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
Progressive
Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a sporadic neurodegenerative disorder. In vivo MRS
using either 31P or 1H nuclei disclosed significant metabolic
differences between patients and age-matched normal controls. This study was
aimed at exploiting the full potential of combined 31P and 1H MRS to thoroughly
specify parameters for energy metabolism and neuronal damage.
No
significant differences were detected for 1H detectable metabolites total
creatine (tCr) and N-acetylaspartate (tNAA).
However, 31P MRS showed a significant decrease of inorganic phosphate
(Pi), phosphocreatine (PCr), and ATP in the basal ganglia while in the
occipital cortex only ATP was reduced. Lactate was never detected in controls
but in approximately 20% of the patients. Calculation of ADP and the phosphorylation
potential (PP) using standard equilibrium constant for creatine kinase yielded no differences between patients and
controls. This indicates that reduced mitochondrial activity is compensated by
reduction of ATP and inorganic phosphate leaving the PP constant, which may
account for the rather mild decrease in tNAA. The decrease of
phosphometabolites like ATP and Pi should be a marker of the severity of the
disease and potential effects of treatment.
15:00
3455.
Adults with Significant Childhood Lead Exposure Evaluated with Proton MR
Spectroscopy
Computer 48
Kim
M. Cecil1, Kim N. Dietrich2, Mekibib Altaye1,
John C. Egelhoff1, Stephanie D. Wessel2, Bruce P.
Lanphear1
1Cincinnati
Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; 2University
of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
We
hypothesized that adults with childhood lead exposure would demonstrate
evidence of irreversibly altered neural metabolism. Participants (N=159) of a
longitudinal birth cohort studying the effects of lead exposure completed a
quantitative, short echo spectroscopy protocol evaluating seven brain regions.
Higher mean childhood blood lead levels were associated with reduced metabolite
concentrations upon adjusting for age at time of imaging and full scale
intelligence quotient. Gray matter reductions of N-acetyl aspartate are
consistent with the concept that sustained childhood lead exposure results an
irreversible, pattern of injury consistent with an insult from childhood. White
matter choline changes suggest an alteration to the myelin structure. These
neural alterations may be responsible for the cognitive and behavioral changes
attributed to lead exposure.
Pediatric Brain: DTI, Structural
Hall D Tuesday 13:30-15:30
13:30
3456.
Application of a Fast High Resolution Whole Brain MRI for Segmentation
Computer 49
Ying
Wu1,2, Dunkle Eugene1, Andres Carrillo1,
Ann Ragin2, Robert Edelman1,2
1Evanston
Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, Illinois, USA; 2Northwestern
University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
MRI
segmentation and visualization have gained increasing importance
both in research and clinical
applications. The conventional MR
sequence, FSPGR (or MP-RAGE), has been widely utilized in MR segmentation and
in clinical fMRI because its contrast behavior is suitable for segmentation and
this sequence can provide thin slice whole brain coverage. In this investigation, we present a fast
whole brain high resolution MR technique, EZ Step (EZ). Images generated with the sub-milliliter
isotropic EZ Step sequence have similar GM/WM contrast behavior as FSPGR. Available automated segmentation utilities,
such as FSL and Freesurfer, can be adapted for EZ. Moreover, EZ has higher CNR than FSPGR in
basal ganglia and other clinically significant regions of interest.EZ can also
be used to derive superior quality brain volume rendering for fMRI
applications, while reducing data acquisition scan time of current clinical
routines by 40%.
14:00
3457.
Regionally Specific Cortical Thinning in Paediatric Sickle Cell Disease
Computer 49
Richard
Alan Jones1,2, Gregory Kirk3, Michael Ryan
Haynes4, Susan Palasis5, Clark Brown6
1Children's
Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 2Emory University,
Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 3Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta,
USA; 4Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA; 5Ch
Cortical
thickness was compared in control and sickle cell paediatric subjects using
Freesurfer. The groups were split into two components by age; The first group
consisted of all subjects< 12 years of age, and the second group all
subjects >=12 years of age. Separate group analyses were performed on each
of the two groups. In the younger group relatively few differences were found,
while in the older group more extensive areas of bilateral thinning were found
in the sickle cell subjects, suggesting that their gray matter is abnormal and
that the amount of thinning is age dependent.
14:30
3458.
Treatment-Induced Plasticity in Central Motor Pathways in Cerebral
Palsy: Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Computer 49
Rakesh
K. Gupta1, Richa Trivedi1, Vipul Shah, Mukesh Tripathi1,
Ram KS Rathore2, Manoj Kumar1, Ponnada A. Narayana3
1Sanjay
Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India; 2Indian
Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India; 3University of Texas Medical
School at Houston, Houston, USA
Serial
diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed on eight pediatric patients with
cerebral palsy (CP) at the time of diagnosis and after 6 months of botulinum
treatment followed by intensive physiotherapy. Region of interests were placed
on corticospinal tracts at the level of corona radiate (CR), posterior limb of
internal capsule (PLIC), mid brain (MB), pons, and medulla in patients as well
as controls. On 6 month follow-up significantly increased FA values were
observed in CST at the level of CR, PLIC, and MB compared to baseline study.
The observed increase in FA along with improved clinical motor score suggests
plasticity of the central motor pathway following the combined therapy.
15:00
3459.
Correlation of Brain Diffusion Tensor Imaging Metrics with Cognitive
Functions in Patients of Spina Bifida Cystica
Computer 49
Manoj
Kumar1, Rakesh Kumar Gupta1, Mazhar Husain2,
Sanjay Behari1, Gyanendra K. Malik2, S N. Kureel2,
Richa Trivedi1, Ram Kishore Singh Rathore3
1Sanjay
Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India; 2CSMM
University, Lucknow, India; 3Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur,
India
Neural tube defect during early pregnancy affects the normal brain development and leads to deficits in cognitive functions and memory. DTI and battery of neuropsychological test (NPT) were performed in 19 SBC patients and controls. ROIs were placed in different region of th