ISMRM 21st Annual Meeting & Exhibition 20-26 April 2013 Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

TRADITIONAL POSTER SESSION • NEURO A
0884 -0894 Normal Developing Brain
0895 -0925 High Resolution Pediatric CNS Imaging
0926 -0954 High Resolution Brain Anatomy & Morphometry
0955 -0989 Human Brain Tumors: Diagnosis & Response
0990 -1013 Advanced Imaging for Dementia
1014 -1033 Movement Disorders & Degeneration
1034 -1077 Animal Models Other Than Stroke
   

TRADITIONAL POSTER SESSION • NEURO A
Tuesday, 23 April 2013 (10:00-12:00) Exhibition Hall
Normal Developing Brain

0884.   Assessing the Impact of Excluding a Subset of the Diffusion Acquisition on the Resultant Fractional Anisotropy Values in the Preterm Brain
Antonios Makropoulos1, Gareth Ball2, Joseph V. Hajnal2, A. David Edwards2, Daniel Rueckert3, and Serena J. Counsell2
1Centre for the Developing Brain, Imperial College London, London, London, United Kingdom, 2Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, London, United Kingdom, 3Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, London, United Kingdom

 
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allows the assessment of white matter development and injury in the developing brain. DTI acquisition is challenging due to infant motion. A potential strategy to deal with infant motion is to discard the corrupted subset of the diffusion acquisition. The proposed study explores the impact of excluding a number of diffusion gradient directions on the resultant Fractional Anisotropy values in preterm infants. Pairwise analysis and permutation testing results suggest the possibility to discard up to 7 motion corrupted diffusion acquisitions from a neonatal DTI without impacting the calculated FA values in major white matter tracts.

 
0885.   Emerging Pathways and Dissociated Projections of the Middle Cerebellar Peduncle Ranging from Newborns to Young Adults
Thomas J. Re1,2, Allison C.R. Scott3, Michael J. Paldino4, Andrea Righini2, Patricia Ellen Grant4,5, and Emi Takahashi6
1Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Milan, Milan, MI, Italy, 2Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Milan, MI, Italy, 3Columbia University, New York, NY, United States, 4Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 5Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 6Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

 
We aimed to describe the evolution of the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) in developing human subjects ranging from 30 gestational weeks to 18 years old, using high angular resolution diffusion imaging tractography. This work appears to demonstrate a bi-phasic development for the MCP pathways. The first phase, occurring from term to 3Y, would be dedicated mainly to the development of the rostral pons to inferior cerebellum pathway. While the second phase, completing about 6Y, would correspond to the development of the caudal pons to superior cerebellum pathway. It is likely that the major cause of these DTI changes is related to the degree of mylenation of existing tracks.

 
0886.   Three-Dimensional Maximum Probabilistic Cerebellar Atlas of Young Children
Priya lakshmi Narayanan1,2, Jesuchristopher Joseph1,2, Chirstopher Warton1, Chirstopher D. Molteno3, Joseph L. Jacobson1,4, Sandra W. Jacobson1,4, and Ernesta M. Meintjes1,2
1University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa, 2MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa, 3Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa, 4Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States

 
Brain atlases serves as a map of spatial arrangement of anatomical structures. Cerebellum is functionally heterogeneous by the fact that it is connected to cerebrum and spinal cord and occupies only 10-20% of the brain and contains half the number of neurons. In this study, we have registered the cerebellum from different subjects to the common age appropriate template and generated a probabilistic atlas which is known to encode the anatomic variability present in the cerebellum of our subjects. We propose to create cerebellar parcellations automatically and highlight on translating macroscopic structures of the cerebellum obtained from the manual delineations.

 
0887.   Cerebral Maturation in the Early Preterm Period - A Magnetization Transfer and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study Using Voxel-Based Analysis
Revital Nossin-Manor1,2, Dallas Card1, Charles Raybaud1,3, Margot J. Taylor1,2, and John G. Sled4,5
1Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2Neurosciences & Mental Health, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, 3Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 4Physiology Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, 5Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

 
Magnetization transfer and diffusion tensor imaging were used along with structural imaging and group-wise image registration to determine anatomical correspondence between individual scans and the pooled quantitative parametric data of the very preterm brain. Using voxel-based analysis, we were able to follow temporal and anatomical variations in cerebral maturation over the preterm brain providing non-invasive complementary evidence for the change in cell density at the subplate zone, the migration of radial glial cells at the anterior caps, the development of order in the axonal pathways and early myelination events occurring in the preterm period.

 
0888.   Development of Somatosensory Cortical Responses in the Preterm Period Characterized with fMRI and a Novel Robotic Device
Tomoki Arichi1,2, Alessandro Allievi3, Alejandro Melendez-Calderon3, Nora Tusor1,2, Libuse Pazderova1,2, Hilary Toulmin1, Serena J. Counsell4, Etienne Burdet3, and A. David Edwards1,3
1Centre for the Developing Brain, Kings College, London, London, United Kingdom, 2MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, London, London, United Kingdom, 3Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College, London, London, United Kingdom, 4Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, London, United Kingdom

 
The preterm period is characterized by a dramatic sequence of brain maturation, as evidenced by the ontogeny of resting state networks. We describe a similar sequence of maturation in the spatial and temporal properties of somatosensory cortical functional responses in human preterm infants, using BOLD fMRI and a novel wrist stimulating robotic device. With increasing age and degrees of ex-utero exposure, functional responses were found be faster and more bilateral in spatial location, suggesting that this maturation may be activity dependent.

 
0889.   Support Vector Classification and Prediction of Resting-State Functional Connectivity Over the Lifespan
Scott J. Peltier1,2, Jillian Wiggins3, Laura Jelsone-Swain4, Christopher Monk3, Rachael Seidler3,5, and Robert Cary Welsh4,6
1Functional MRI Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 2Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 3Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 4Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 5Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, 6Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States

 
Multivariate classification is an important alternative to univariate techniques in studying functional connectivity. This study extends the investigation of predicting brain age to the entire lifespan.

 
0890.   Maturation of the Structural Connectome: A Network-Driven Approach
Olga Tymofiyeva1, Christopher P. Hess1, Etay Ziv1, Patricia N. Lee1, Hannah C. Glass2,3, Donna M. Ferriero3, A James Barkovich1, and Duan Xu1
1Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States, 2Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States, 3Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States

 
In this study, we applied an automated template-free "baby connectome" framework using diffusion MRI to examine the maturational changes of the structural brain networks in subjects of different ages, including premature neonates, term-born neonates, six-month-old infants, and adults. We observed increasing brain network integration and decreasing segregation with age in term-born subjects, consistent with previous findings in the late developing human brain. We also explored how the equal area nodes can be grouped into modules without any prior anatomical information – an important step toward a fully network-driven registration and analysis of brain connectivity.

 
0891.   A Comprehensive Evaluation of Regional Cortical Thickness in a Large Cohort of Healthy Controls: Gender and Field Strength Dependence
Koushik A. Govindarajan1 and Ponnada A. Narayana1
1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States

 
Cortical thickness (Cth) provides crucial information about normal brain development. Measured Cth could depend on multiple factors such as gender, field strength and type of MRI scanner. The dependence of Cth on field strength has not been studied in a large sample size. Also, with the increased use of 3T scanners, evaluating the effect of higher field strength on Cth is critical. This study evaluates the effect that gender and field strength has on measured cortical thickness and its age-dependent changes in a large cohort of 300 healthy controls.

 
0892.   Volumetric Brain Changes Following Standardized Dynamic Enrichment of Mice
Jan Scholz1, Rylan Allemang-Grand1, and Jason P. Lerch1
1Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada

 
Environmental enrichment is used to study brain plasticity in rodents. Here we propose a standardized way of enrichment that allows well-controlled dynamic changes to the environment. Longitudinal manganese-enhance MRI allows to observe whole brain volumetric changes. Here we show that dynamic enrichment is associated with structural changes in specific memory and navigation-related areas of the mouse brain, such as the retrosplenial cortex and the dentate gyrus. Subsequent spatial training shows behavioural benefits of enrichment. Our study suggests that dynamic spatial enrichment might be associated with plasticity in key brain areas.

 
0893.   On the Comparability of Volumetric Brain Data in the Multicentric IMAGEN Study
Rüdiger Brühl1, Albrecht Ihlenfeld1, Semiha Aydin1, Penelope A. Gowland2, Gareth John Barker3, Tomas Paus4, Jürgen Finsterbusch5, Simone Kühn6, Jürgen Gallinat7, Arun Bokde8, Michael Smolka9, Frauke Nees10, Jean-Luc Martinot11, Gunter Schumann3, the IMAGEN Consortium3, and Bernd Ittermann1
1PTB, Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 2University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, 3Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, London, United Kingdom, 4Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 5University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, 6Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 7Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 8Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, 9Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Dresden, Germany, 10Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany, 11University Paris Descartes, Paris, Paris, France

 
The multicentre study IMAGEN scanned more than 2000 at 8 sites in Europe using scanners of 4 different manufactures. Freesurfer's volumetric results show significant differences between the sites and especially the scanner models. Data of phantoms and 2 traveling volunteers are used to explain these differences leading to the necessity of characterizing the gradient induced distortion field locally. Data of 2 new precision geometry phantoms will provide the information to finally decide whether the differences are artificial or sample generated.

 
0894.   Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen on MRI Including T1, T2, T2*, and Bo
Eric R. Muir1, Damon P. Cardenas1,2, Shiliang Huang3, John W. Roby1, and Timothy O. Duong4
1Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States, 2Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States, 3Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States, 4Research Imaging Institute, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States

 
A better understanding of brain physiology and function under hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) could give insight into the effects of HBO treatment for various neurological diseases. However, oxygen has several effects on MRI signals even at atmospheric pressure, so much higher oxygen concentrations under HBO may potentially confound MRI. The goal of this study is to characterize the effects of HBO on T1, T2, T2*, and Bo/frequency of the rat brain. These parameters changed slightly, but MRI was not dramatically affected, paving the way for functional MRI studies under HBO.

 

TRADITIONAL POSTER SESSION • NEURO A
Tuesday, 23 April 2013 (10:00-12:00) Exhibition Hall
High Resolution Pediatric CNS Imaging

0895.   Serial Structural Imaging in the Postpartum Period Reveals Increases and Decreases in Regional Brain Volumes Following Childbirth
Derek K. Jones1, Tim Vivian-Griffiths1, C John Evans1, and Nicholas Lange2
1CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Caerdydd, United Kingdom, 2Neurostatistics Laboratory,Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

 
This study performed serial structural MRI on a cohort of mothers in the early postpartum period. Compared to matched controls, there were both increases and decreases in brain volume in the new mothers over time - but not in the matched controls.

 
0896.   Regional Changes of Cortical Thickness and Cortical Surface in Children Born Prematurely and Children Born with Intrauterine Growth Restriction at School Age
Lana Vasung1, Laura Gui1, Elda Fischi-Gomez1,2, Cristina Borradori-Tolsa3, François Lazeyras4,5, and Petra Susan Hüppi1
1Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 2Signal Processing Laboratory 5(LTS5), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland, 3Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva and University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 4Department of Radiology, University of Geneva and University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 5Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland

 
The growing incidence of prematurely born children with or without intrauterine growth restriction and the improvement of survival rates has been associated with highly problematic long term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Brain structural alterations, associated with these mainly cognitive difficulties, most likely involve cortical organization. This study presents new ways of assessing structural organization of the cortex through thickness and surface measurements in children born prematurely with or without intrauterine growth restriction at the school age.

 
0897.   Half-Quantitative Assessment of Myelination Progression in Normal Infants and Children During 6-48 Months with Conventional T2-Weighted Images
Zhijie Jian1, Jie Gao1, Jianghong Han1, yumiao zhang1, Bolang Yu1, and Jian Yang1
1Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi¡¯an Jiaotong University, xi'an, shann xi, China

 
The purpose of the present study was to half-quantitatively assess the myelination progression of subcortical white matter (WM) in normal infants and children from 6 months to 48 months by conventional T2-weighted image (T2WI). 54 infants and children without diseases potentially affecting white matter were retrospectively evaluated in this study. The myelination progression in WM of the frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital lobes and peritrigonal region were respectively graded according to regions with thread-like hypointensity in T2WIs. The total scores representing the maturity of cerebral myelination were acquired by summing the grade of above mentioned WM regions. The repeatability and reliability of this points-scoring system for assessing myelination progression were confirmed to be a very well by Bland-Altman statistical analysis. The positive correlation between the total scores of myelination and age with nolinear correlation coefficient of 0.843 (p<0.001) was found in this study. During the postnatal 10-16 months, the total scores of myelination varied very apparently with ages, which indicated the rapid maturation in subcortical WM in this period. Therefore, this half-quantitative points-scoring system for assessing myelination can reflect the dynamic development of white matter in infants and children and possess clinical application value.

 
0898.   Towards a Connectome Mapping Pipeline for Neonates Using High-Resolution MP2RAGE and DTI
Andreina Pauli1, Juliane Schneider2, Meritxell Bach Cuadra1,3, Alessandra Griffa1,3, Elda Fischi Gomez3, Reto Meuli1, Jean-Philippe Thiran1,3, Anita C. Truttmann2, and Patric Hagmann1,3
1Department of Radiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2Clinic of Neonatology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, 3Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland

 
Mapping the human connectome in neonates is a real technical challenge in many respects. We use high resolution MP2RAGE and a combination of freely available tools to segment and partition the cortex automatically. In combination with DTI tractography, the brain segmentation is used to map the neonatal connectome. Our connectome mapping pipeline is tailored for neonatal images and allows us to calculate a structural connectivity matrix, while exploiting the advantages of MP2RAGE sequence.

 
0899.   Exploring the Development of the Human Structural Connectome in Preterm Neonates
Gareth Ball1, Paul Aljabar1, Antonios Makropoulos1, Tomoki Arichi1, Nazakat Merchant1, A. David Edwards1, and Serena J. Counsell1
1Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

 
 

 
0900.   Probabilistic Neighborhood Tractography in the Preterm Neonatal Brain at 3 T
Devasuda Anblagan1,2, Mark E. Bastin3, Lucy Kershaw1, Susana Muñoz Maniega4, Jonathan D. Clayden5, Chinthika Piyasena6, Graham Wilkinson7, Neil Roberts1, Scott I. Semple1, Jane Norman2, and James P. Boardman2
1Clinical Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,3Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 4Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 5Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 6BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 7NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

 
Preterm birth is a significant environmental risk factor that can have a marked impact on early life cerebral development. Diffusion MRI and tractography may provide further insights into the cerebral microstructural changes that accompany preterm birth by supplying quantitative biomarkers of white matter integrity in specific tracts of interest. This pilot work describes the first application of an automatic single seed point tractography-based segmentation method, probabilistic neighborhood tractography, to the study of the neonatal brain.

 
0901.   Comparing Diffusion Tensor Imaging Metrics of Motor and Sensory Tracts in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy and the Levels of Gross Motor Function by TBSS and Tractography
Jiang Hao Xiang1,2, Li Xian jun3,4, Gao Jie3, Song Yang5, Zhang Zhe3, Zhang Zeng jun2, and Yang Jian6
1Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi¡¯an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shan xi, China, 2Department of Radiology, The Xi¡¯an children's hospital, Xi¡¯an, Shan xi, China, 3Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi¡¯an Jiaotong University, Xi¡¯an, Shan xi, China, 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, Shan xi, China, 5Child healthcare Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi¡¯an Jiaotong University, Xi¡¯an, Shan xi, China, 6Department of radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi¡¯an Jiaotong University.Xi¡¯an, Xi¡¯an, Shan xi, China

 
The aim of this study is to employ DTI with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and quantitative tractography to further evaluate the correlation between DTI metrics of motor and sensory tracts with gross motor function. 23 children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP) underwent T1WI, T2WI, and DTI were collected. We demonstrated that FA values in the most of white matter tracts show a significant negative correlation with levels of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and the FA values and fiber count of corticospinal tract (CST) were strongly negative correlated with GMFCS levels. In addition, there were low negative correlations between DTI metrics of superior thalamic radiation (STR) and GMFCS levels, and between the FA values of posterior thalamic radiation (PTR) and the GMFCS levels. The results demonstrated that the CST played a major role in the development of clinical motor and sensory function.

 
0902.   White Matter Development in Preterm Infants at Term Equivalent Age: Assessment Using TBSS
Jeong Hye Jin1, Shim So-Yeon2, Jeong Joon-Sup1, Oh Se-Hong1, Park Sung-Yeon1, Kim Young-Bo1, and Cho Zang-Hee1
1Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon university, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Korea, 2Department of Pediatrics, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Korea

 
Preterm infants are at significant risk for altered brain microstructure. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables the visualization and quantitative characterization of white matter in vivo. Especially tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) performed spatial normalization for group analysis in brain white matter. In this study, we performed analyses of white matter development between full-term infants and preterm infants at equivalent age using TBSS.

 
0903.   Influence of Prematurity on Local Cortical Development
Laura Gui1, François Lazeyras2, Lana Vasung1, Anita Truttmann3, Cristina Borradori-Tolsa1, and Petra Susan Hüppi4
1Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 2Radiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 3Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland, 4Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

 
We used a novel automatic method to segment the cortical gray matter from MR images of a cohort of preterm and term-born neonates examined at term-equivalent age. Voxel-based morphometry analysis of the cortex reflected a deficit of cortical density for neonates of lower GA at birth in the gyrus rectus (primary olfactive area), and in the left calcarine fissure (primary visual area), suggesting an altered development of these areas associated with prematurity. Thus, such an approach may be used to identify structural markers of atypical neurodevelopment, allowing for early detection and intervention in the cases of infants at risk.

 
0904.   Evaluation of White Matter Development and Small World Anatomical Networks in Fetal Brain by SBTFE Sequence from MRI.
Bing Zhang1, Chenchen Yan1, Ming Li1, Huiting Wang1, Fei Chen1, and Bin Zhu1
1Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

 
Evaluation of white matter development and small world anatomical networks in fetal brain by sBTFE sequence from MRI.

 
0905.   Relationship Between Optic Radiation Microstructure and Visual Function in Adolescents Born Extremely Preterm or Extremely Low Birth Weight
Claire E. Kelly1,2, Jeannie L.Y. Cheong1,3, Carly Molloy1, Peter J. Anderson1, Alan Connelly4, Lex W. Doyle1,3, and Deanne K. Thompson1,2
1Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 2University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 4Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

 
Abnormal optic radiation microstructure may underlie visual impairments in preterm adolescents. Optic radiations were tracked with Constrained Spherical Deconvolution and average fractional anisotropy and axial, radial and mean diffusivity were obtained in 196 extremely preterm/extremely low birth weight adolescents and 144 normal birth weight controls from the Victorian Infant Collaborative Studies (VICS). Preterm adolescents displayed higher axial, radial and mean diffusivity than controls. Abnormal diffusion measures were associated with impaired visual acuity in the preterm group. Results suggest that optic radiation microstructural abnormalities in preterm populations persist into adolescence and are important contributors to impaired visual function.

 
0906.   Long Range White Matter Connectivity Deficit in Pediatric Cerebral Palsy
Zoe A. Englander1, Anastasiya Batrachenko1, Carolyn E. Pizoli1,2, Christopher M. Petty1, Jessica Sun2,3, Mohamad A. Mikati2, Joanne Kurtzberg2,3, and Allen W. Song1
1Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States, 2Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States, 3The Robertson Cell and Translational Therapy Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States

 
We performed a whole brain white matter connectivity analysis in 18 pediatric patients with bilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) in order to examine patterns of global white matter deficit. The relationship between white matter connectivity deficit and clinical disease severity was assessed. It was found that long range connectivities were increasingly impaired with increasing CP severity. Of individuals who qualified for cognitive assessment, those with lower cognitive scores showed more severe decreases in long range connectivity than did individuals with higher cognitive scores, suggesting a possible mechanism for the developmental delay and cognitive deficits that accompany sensorimotor dysfunctions in CP.

 
0907.   White Matter Variations in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy Analyzed by Diffusion Tensor Imaging with Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and Probabilistic Tractography
Jiang Hao Xiang1 and Yang Jian2
1Department of radiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shan xi, China, 2Department of radiology, Xi¡¯an Jiaotong University., Xi¡¯an, Shan xi, China

 
The aim of this study is to employ DTI with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and probabilistic tractography to investigate the WM microstructural changes in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). 23 children with bilateral spastic CP and 23 healthy children with matched age and sex were collected. We demonstrated that decreased FA but increased MD, RD within extensive WM tracts in children with CP. Meanwhile, the volume and fibers loss of PTR and SCC was lower significantly in CP group. We inferred that in children with spastic CP, the PTR and SCC were more vulnerable since the injury of sensorimotor loops involving in CST.

 
0908.   BOLD fMRI in Infants Under Sedation: Comparing the Impact of Pentobarbital and Propofol on Auditory and Language Activation and Connectivity
Mark William DiFrancesco1, Prasanna Karunanayaka2, Sara Robertson3, and Scott K. Holland3
1Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, 2The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States, 3Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States

 
We elucidate differences in language network function and intrinsic connectivity in infants, as measured by BOLD fMRI and independent component analysis (ICA), when sedated under two common clinical protocols; one using Nembutal and the other Propofol. BOLD response was measured for passive story-listening stimulation using an intermittent event-related imaging protocol with which temporal evolution of language processing was explored. Propofol and Nembutal were found to have distinct and complementary responses to story-listening with corroborative differences in auditory/language network connectivity by ICA. These may suggest a breakdown of top-down feedback for Propofol vs. the lack of bottom-up processing for Nembutal.

 
0909.   Longitudinal Changes in Diffusion Properties in the White Matter Pathways in Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Fiona M. Baumer1, Jae W. Song1, Paul D. Michell1, Rudolph Pienaar1, Mustafa Sahin1, Patricia Ellen Grant2, and Emi Takahashi1
1Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 2Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

 
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem congenital disorder often linked to one of two genetic mutations. Clinically, many patients with TSC have disabling neurologic conditions, including epilepsy, mental retardation or autism. Given that multiple factors are involved in the TSC pathology and the relationships among the factors in the TSC pathology is still under debate, cross-sectional studies can miss important predictors for TSC progression. The goal of this study was to provide exploratory data on the relationship between common pathologies in TSC and pattern of longitudinal diffusion changes in projection, association and commissural fibers using diffusion tractography.

 
0910.   Age-Related Changes of Susceptibility and Phase Changes at Subependymal Nodes in Infants and Children with Tuberous Sclerosis.
Tetsu Niwa1, Noriko Aida2, Taro Takahara3, Tomohiro Yamashita1, Noriharu Yanagimachi1, Tomoaki Nagaoka4, and Yutaka Imai1
1Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan, 2Radiology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan, 3Biomedical Engineering, Tokai University School of Engineering, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan, 4Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan

 
We assessed the age-related changes of SWI and phase image at the subependymal nodules in infants and children with tuberous sclerosis. There was no signal loss on SWI and no phase shift on phase image at the subependymal nodules in neonates, those changed by aging. The occurrence of the phase shift at the subependymal nodules was identified around 1-year-old, while signal loss on SWI appeared after 2-year-old. The manifestation of the phase shift at the subependymal nodules seems to precede that of signal loss on SWI.

 
0911.   Is Myelin Content Associated with Early Language Development in Healthy Toddlers?
Lindsay Walker1, Irene Piryatinsky1, Jonathan O’Muircheartaigh2, Douglas C. Dean III1, Michelle Han1, Katie Lehman1, Nicole Waskiewicz1, Beth A. Jerskey1,3, Holly Dirks1, and Sean C. L. Deoni1
1Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States, 2King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom, 3Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States

 
Delayed language acquisition in infants is an early clinical indicator of later language impairment. This delay may result from delayed or abnormal myelination in the language sub-serving brain networks. We measured myelin content using the mcDESPOT technique, and assessed language with the MacArthur-Bates Child Development Inventory Words and Gestures parent report in 9 toddlers aged 10-16 months. We found that language understanding was correlated with myelination in brain regions responsible for general understanding and learning; while language production was more specifically linked to Broca’s area. These results indicate that myelination may be implicated in language acquisition during key developmental stages.

 
0912.   Altered Dorsal Attention and Default Network Connectivity Associated with Dimensional Measures of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Amanda Elton1, Sarael Alcauter1, and Wei Gao1
1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

 
Resting-state fMRI was used to investigate alterations in functional connectivity within and between the dorsal attention and default network associated with dimensional and categorical measures of ADHD in 195 children with ADHD and 241 typically-developing children. Symptoms of inattention and impulsivity were associated with greater functional connectivity in the dorsal attention network. Symptoms of inattention were also associated with diminished functional competition between the two networks. Impulsive symptoms were associated with diminished functional competition between regions of the dorsal attention and default network in typically-developing children, but this brain-behavior relationship was disrupted in ADHD.

 
0913.   Abnormal Functional Network Connectivity Among Spatially Independent Resting State Networks in Children with Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
Mojdeh Zamyadi1, Charles Raybaud1, Carter Snead2, Mary Lou Smith3, and Elysa Widjaja1
1Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 3Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

 
In this study functional connectivity (FC) within resting states networks (RSNs) was assessed using independent component analysis (ICA) in healthy controls and children with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE). In addition, functional network connectivity (FNC) was evaluated across several RSNs by examining the time series of the components. Based on the statistical analysis of FC results, we identified 6 RSNs in both groups. We have also demonstrated both reduced and elevated FC within the RSNs and in FNC across the RSNs. The findings of this study provide evidence on the effect of localization-related epilepsy, in this case FLE, on several RSNs.

 
0914.   Comparison of Pulsed Arterial Spin Labeling (PASL) and Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling (PCASL) Methods for Measuring Brain Perfusion in Newborns
Elodie Boudes1, Guillaume Gilbert2, Christine Saint-Martin3, Ilana Ruth Leppert4, Bruce G. Pike4, and Pia Wintermark1
1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, 2MR Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Montreal, QC, Canada, 3Department of Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, 4Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

 
Arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) by magnetic resonance imaging has been shown to be useful for identifying asphyxiated newborns at risk of developing brain injury, whether or not hypothermia was administered. Our study compares two methods of ASL-PWI (i.e. PASL and pCASL) to assess brain perfusion in healthy newborns and in asphyxiated newborns treated with hypothermia. It demonstrates that both ASL methods are feasible and reproducible to assess brain perfusion in these newborns. However, pCASL might be a better choice, as pCASL perfusion maps were of better quality and permitted more detailed identification of the injured brain areas.

 
0915.   The Effect of Haematocrit Levels and Arrival Times on ASL Measures in Neonates.
Rishma Vidyasagar1, Laurence Abernethy2, and Laura M. Parkes1
1Biomedical Imaging Institute, School of Population Health, Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom, 2Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom

 
Quantitative measures of ASL are dependent on many assumed values within the model such as T1 and arrival time. T1 has been shown to be strongly dependent on haematocrit levels, which is often assumed at a standard adult value. In neonates, haematocrit levels have been shown to vary significantly during the first few weeks, thus if not corrected can lead to incorrect quantification of CBF. Arrival time values are often measured at a single time point which could be incorrect in neonates. This study investigates these assumptions in a neonate population using a multiphase ASL sequence.

 
0916.   A Comparative Study of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast and Arterial Spin Labeling in Childhood Brain Tumours.
Rishma Vidyasagar1, Laura M. Parkes1, Shivaram Avula2, Barry Pizer2, and Laurence Abernethy2
1Biomedical Imaging Institute, School of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom, 2Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom

 
DSC is a common technique used to ascertain measures of cerebral blood flow in a clinical setup. It is however an invasive technique and often restricts repeatable measures in an individual. The Look-Locker ASL sequence provides a non-invasive means of obtaining different measures of perfusion within the human brain at multiple timepoints. In this study we compare measures derived from DSC and ASL to investigate the feasibility of using a non-invasive ASL technique on patients with brain tumours.

 
0917.   MRI Based Quantification of Global Cerebral Metabolism in Neonates with Congenital Heart Defect
Varsha Jain1, Erin Buckley2, Jennifer Lynch2, Peter Schwab2, Maryam Naim2, Susan Nicolson2, Lisa Montenegro2, Daniel Licht2, and Felix Wehrli1
1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 2Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

 
Periventricular leukomalacia, a type of hypoxic ischemic injury, is the most common cerebral pathology observed in neonates with congenital heart defects. Measurement of hemodynamic and metabolic parameters in this population can provide additional insights into the mechanism of injury. In this study we utilized a previously described non-invasive Magnetic Resonance method that can measure global bi-hemispheric cerebral venous oxygen saturation and cerebral blood flow simultaneously and correlated the measurements with more clinically widespread optical measurements. Additionally, our results illustrate the potential of using preoperative hemodynamic measurements as predictors of postoperative injury.

 
0918.   T2* Measurement of Fetal Brain Using a Motion Tolerant Method
Serge Vasylechko1, Christina Malamateniou2, Rita Nunes2,3, Matthew J. Fox2, Joanna M. Allsop2, Mary A. Rutherford2, Daniel Rueckert1, and Joseph V. Hajnal2
1Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, 2Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College, London, United Kingdom, 3Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

 
T2* relaxometry has been performed on the fetal brain for the first time. Due to high motion associated with the fetus, an approach was implemented using single shot multi-echo field echo EPI to obtain spatially aligned whole head images at multiple echo times. A non-linear fitting method was used to determine T2*. The method was tested on 5 fetuses. Region of interest measurements were obtained yielding T2* values consistent with published data from premature infants of similar age. This paves the way for studies of T2* during brain development and suggests use of longer echo times for fetal fMRI studies.

 
0919.   Prediction of Clinical Outcome of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging Assessed by a Reproducible Objective Quantification Scheme (ROQS) in the Perinatal Period
Sumit Narayan Niogi1, Daniel Rosenbaum1, Jeffrey Perlman2, Linda Heier1, and Arzu Kovanlikaya1
1Radiology, NY Presbyterian Hospital Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, United States, 2Pediatrics, NY Presbyterian Hospital Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, United States

 
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy causes significant disability in newborns and accounts for about 25% of children with cerebral palsy. As of yet, there is no reliable biomarker to predict which of these infants will have poor outcome. . However, DTI is sensitive to subtle microstructural changes overlooked by conventional imaging. As shown in this study, variations in white matter integrity in specific pathways (the anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule and forceps major) can predict clinical outcome after treatment with therapeutic hypothermia.

 
0920.   Altered Glutamatergic Metabolism Is Associated with Punctate White Matter Lesions in Preterm Infants
Jessica L. Wisnowski1,2, Stefan Bluml1, Lisa Paquette3, Elizabeth Zelinski4, Marvin D. Nelson, Jr1, Michael J. Painter5, Hanna Damasio2, Floyd Gilles6, and Ashok Panigrahy1,7
1Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 3Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 4Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 5Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, 6Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 7Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States

 
Glutamate excitotoxicity is hypothesized to be a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of white matter injury (WMI) in preterm infants; however, there has been no in vivo demonstration of glutamate excitotoxicity. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), we demonstrated a 29% increase in glutamine in the parietal WM of preterm infants with pWMLs but not in infants with DEHSI. This supports glutamate excitotoxicity in the pathogenesis of pWMLs, but not necessarily in DEHSI, and suggests that MRS provides a useful biomarker for determining the pathogenesis of white matter injury in preterm infants during a period when neuroprotective agents may be effective.

 
0921.   A Combined GABA-MRS and Behavioural Study in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Nicolaas A. J. Puts1,2, Taylor Koriakin3, Ericka L. Wodka3, Mark Tommerdahl4, Peter B. Barker1,2, Stewart H. Mostofsky3,5, and Richard Anthony Edward Edden1,2
1The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 2FM Kirby Centre for functional neuroimaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 3Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 4Biomedical engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel hill, North Carolina, United States, 5School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States

 
GABA-MRS was combined with behavioural tactile measures in typically developing children and children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and showed a reduction in GABA concentration as well as a impairment in tactile processing in children with ASD.

 
0922.   Non-Invasive Regional Brain Temperature Measurements During and After Hypothermia Therapy in Newborns with Suspected Hypoxic/ischemic Brain Injury
Tai-Wei Wu1, Ida Ashoori2,3, Jessica L. Wisnowski2, Marvin D. Nelson2, Thomas G. Perkins4, Jonathan M. Chia4, Ashok Panigrahy5, and Stefan Blüml2,3
1Neonatology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 3Rudi Schulte Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, United States, 4Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH, United States, 5Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States

 
This study uses non-invasive MR spectroscopy to measure regional brain temperatures during and after hypothermia therapy (HT) in newborns with suspicion for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. The goal of the study was to determine whether HT is effective in lowering brain temperature, to explore regional differences, and to determine to what extent esophageal/rectal temperatures correlate with brain temperatures. The long-term goal is to use this information to tailer HT to the needs of individual patients.

 
0923.   MR Imaging Within the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Initial Experience
Jean A. Tkach1, Stephanie L. Merhar2, Beth M. Kline-Fath1, Ronald G. Pratt1, Wolfgang Loew1, Barret R. Daniels1, Randy O. Giaquinto1, Mantosh S. Rattan1, Blaise V. Jones1, Michael D. Taylor3, Janice M. Tiefermann1, Lisa M. Tully1, E. Colleen Murph-Eigel4, Rachel N. Wolf-Severs1, Angela A. LaRuffa5, and Charles L. Dumoulin6
1Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 2Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 3The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 4Translational Research Trials Office, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 5Newborn Intensive Care Unit, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 6Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

 
We have successfully developed a small footprint 1.5T MR system for imaging neonates within our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The safety and image quality of the system were evaluated in this study. Standard clinical protocols were used to perform MRI exams of the brain, chest and abdomen in 15 neonates. Image quality was evaluated by two board certified radiologists. All exams were successfully completed. High quality diagnostic images were obtained at each anatomic location demonstrating the system’s feasibility, safety and potential benefit to neonatal medicine by providing state of the art MRI capabilities within the NICU.

 
0924.   Reduced Thalamo-Cortical Connectivity at Term Is Associated with Impaired Cognition in Children Who Were Born Preterm
Gareth Ball1, Libuse Pazderova2, Andrew Chew1, Nazakat Merchant1, Nora Tusor1, Tomoki Arichi1, Joanna M. Allsop1, A. David Edwards1, and Serena J. Counsell1
1Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Dept of Paediatrics, Imperial College, London, London, United Kingdom

 
Our aim was to assess whether thalamo-cortical connectivity in the preterm brain at term equivalent age was correlated with cognitive performance in early childhood. We studied 50 children who were born preterm. Diffusion tensor imaging was performed at term equivalent age and thalamo-cortical connectivity was assessed using probabilistic tractography. Cognitive scores at 2 years were correlated with connectivity between thalamus and superior frontal, supplementary motor, superior parietal, right anterior temporal and right medial temporal lobes. Our approach to investigating thalamo-cortical connectivity may be an effective early imaging biomarker of subsequent neurodevelopmental performance in children who are born preterm.

 
0925.   Cortical Thickness Abnormalities and Impaired Cognitive Control Ability in Adolescents with Internet Addiction Disorder
Kai Yuan1, Wei Qin1, and Jie Tian1,2
1School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, China, xi'an, Shaan xi, China, 2Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China

 
Our study revealed the association between reduced cortical thickness of the OFC and impaired cognitive control ability in adolescents with internet addiction disorder.

 

TRADITIONAL POSTER SESSION • NEURO A
Tuesday, 23 April 2013 (10:00-12:00) Exhibition Hall
High Resolution Brain Anatomy & Morphometry

0926.   The Cortical Architecture Presentation of Visual System Functional Selectivity
Daniel Barazany1, Shani Ben Amitay1, Ido Tavor1, Galit Yovel2,3, and Yaniv Assaf1,3
1Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 3Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

 
A basic hypothesis in neuroscience is that function and structure are inter-connected. In this study we set to explore the cortical architecture basis of the functional segregation of the visual system. Here we show how fMRI and cortical architecture measures can be combined. Using this approach we were able to investigate and reveal, for the first time, the anatomical basis of stimulation selectivity in the visual system.

 
0927.   Quantitative Analysis of Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) in Glaucoma Using 7.0T MRI
Jeong Hye Jin1, Lee Jong-Yeon2, Lee Jong-Hwan2, Choi Sang-Han1, Kim Young-Bo1, and Cho Zang-Hee1
1Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Korea, 2Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Korea

 
Glaucoma is characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). High resolution 7T MR image were able to show markedly improved images of the LGN. In this study, we were directly investigated height and volume changes in the LGN between the normal controls and glaucoma patients by using 7.0T MRI. All the height and volume measurements were corrected by the AC(anterior commissure)-PD(posterior commissure) line.

 
0928.   Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 T Using High Spatial Resolution, Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery Prepared Susceptibility Weighted Fast Spin Echo Imaging
Elena Maria Tovar Martinez1, Katharina Fuchs1, Fabian Hezel1, Matthias Alexander Dieringer1,2, Jens Wuerfel3,4, and Thoralf Niendorf1,5
1Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany, 2Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany, 3Institute of Neuroradiology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany, 4NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 5Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany

 
This work demonstrates the feasibility of a high spatial resolution, fluid suppressed, susceptibility weighted FSE imaging at 7.0 T and its application for imaging of neuroinflammatory diseases. FLAIR SWI FSE depicts similar brain vasculature versus conventional GRE with the advantage of providing hyperintense MS lesions and suppressed CSF. Its applicability was examined in phantom, volunteer and MS patient studies at 7.0 Tesla.

 
0929.   Direct Validation of MRI Findings in Postmortem Brain
Nikolaus Krebs1,2, Christian Langkammer3, Thomas Ehammer1, Karl-Olof Lövblad4, Gerlinde Komatz5, Stefan Ropele3, Franz Fazekas6, Kathrin Yen7, and Eva Scheurer1,2
1Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical-Forensic Imaging, Graz, Austria, 2Medical University, Graz, Austria, 3Department of Neurology, Medical University, Graz, Austria, 4Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Genève, Switzerland, 5CT/MR-Center Graz Geidorf, Graz, Austria, 6Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria, 7Institute of Legal and Traffic Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

 
Though globally spread in clinical routine the use of MRI in forensic brain injury assessment is yet not established at all. We compared MRI findings from blinded radiologic readings to macroscopic findings of corresponding brain slices of 17 deceased subjects. Radiologists detected almost twice the number of findings than brain slices revealed. Overall number of hemorrhages was nearly equal. Macroscopically five times more micro-bleedings were found than in MRI, meanwhile findings such as microangiopathy, MS lesions or lacuna were depicted only in MRI. MRI might add valuable information to forensic expertise and offers an interdisciplinary approach in brain tissue analysis.

 
0930.   Patterns of Cortical Myelination Are Intact in Lower Limb Amputees
Nicholas A. Bock1, Eyesha Hashim1, Norman B. Konyer2, and Sharon Grad3
1Medical Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, 2Imaging Research Centre, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada, 3Physcial Medicine and Rehabilitation, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

 
We use 3D T1-weighted anatomical MRI at an isotropic resolution of 0.7 mm to see whether the strong myelination that delineates the primary motor and somatosensory cortex in humans is disrupted in amputees in the area representing a lost lower limb. We do not observe any gross differences in the pattern of cortical myelination between hemispheres in amputees, and the amputee cortex appears similar to that of controls. This suggests that either the axons representing the lost limb persist in the amputee cortex, or that new axons have replaced them over time.

 
0931.   Morphometric Cortical Correlates of Pain Catastrophizing Behaviour in Patients with Chronic Painful Knee OA
Hamza Alshuft1,2, Laura Condon1, Jennifer Dixon1,2, Robert Dineen1, and Dorothee P. Auer1,2
1Radiological and Imaging Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom, 2Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom

 
Pain is a complex subjective experience not only involving sensory component but also cognitive and emotional dimensions. People differ in their capability in coping with pain. Pain catastrophizing defined as an exaggerated negative mental set may mediate this capability as it has been consistently found to be predictive of pain outcome leading to more emotional distress and intensified pain experience. As a psychological predictor pain catastrophizing has been extensively investigated over the past years yet its mechanism is still poorly understood. Here we investigate the MRI-based morphological brain correlates of pain catastrophizing in a group of patients with painful osteoarthritis.

 
0932.   Sexual Dimorphism in the Human Corpus Callosum After Controlling for Brain Size
Babak A. Ardekani1
1Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, United States

 
A number of studies have reported that, "relative to brain size," the mid-sagittal corpus callosum cross-sectional area (CCA) in females is on average larger than in males. However, others suggest that these may be spurious differences created in the CCA-to-brain-size ratio because brain size tends to be larger in males. To help resolve this controversy, we measured the CCA on structural MRI scans of normal young adults (n=74, 37 males, 18-29 years), matched closely for brain size, from the OASIS (Open Access Series of Imaging Studies) cross-sectional dataset. Females had a significantly larger CCA (P<0.0005).

 
0933.   MRI of Congenital Arteriovenous Malformation in Wistar Rats: the Effect of Altering Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Accessing White Matter Integrity
Tsang-Wei Tu1, L. Christine Turtzo1, Jacob D. Lescher1, Dana D. Dean1, Tiziana T. Coppola1, Rashida A. Williams1, and Joseph A. Frank1
1Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States

 
Congenital hydrocephalus was accidentally found in the baseline scan of Wistar rats used in TBI study. MRI techniques were performed including: MRA, SWI, and DTI, to diagnose cerebral abnormalities including arteriovenous malformation (AVM). The existence of AVM nidus was confirmed by post-mortem micro-CT images. Compared to normal rats, AVM rats had significantly lower FA, higher MD, AD, and RD, suggesting the white matter integrity was congenitally different in hydrocephalic rats. Their abnormal diffusion patterns may result in a false interpretation of pseudo-increase of axonal integrity. Baseline scans are strongly suggested to prevent using these AVM rats in studying neurological diseases.

 
0934.   A Quantitative Comparison of PSIR and MP-RAGE at 7T Using Tissue Classification
Alain Pitiot1, Olivier E. Mougin2, and Penelope A. Gowland2
1School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom, 2Sir Peter Mansfield MR Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom

 
Phase Sensitive Inversion Recovery (PSIR) is showing great potential in neuroimaging owing to the increased contrast it provides with respect to other T1 weighted approaches, such as standard MP-RAGE. While this offers intuitive advantages, the relative merits of MP-RAGE and PSIR have not been assessed systematically to date. In this study, we use brain tissue classification as a realistic framework to quantitatively compare the performances of both sequences. Results suggest that the enhanced contrast afforded by PSIR translates into better defined maps, less susceptible to B1 inhomogeneities and changes in myelin content.

 
0935.   
High-Resolution Quantitative T1-Based Cortical Thickness Estimates at 7 Tesla
Christine Lucas Tardif1, Pierre-Louis Bazin1, Andreas Schäfer1, and Robert Turner1
1Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany

 
Cortical thickness estimates typically derive from T1-weighted images at 1 mm isotropic resolution acquired at 1.5 or 3 Tesla. A recent study claims that cortical thickness is over-estimated using standard techniques at this spatial resolution, and that using higher resolution T1-weighted images improves measurement accuracy. We developed new tools to extract cortical boundaries and measure cortical thickness from high-resolution quantitative T1 maps. We measured cortical thickness for 12 subjects scanned using the MP2RAGE sequence at 0.9, 0.7 and 0.5 mm isotropic resolution. The results are stable across resolutions, and become more precise at 0.5 mm.

 
0936.   Fiber-Driven Resolution Enhancement of Diffusion-Weighted Images - An Evaluation Using High Resolution Data
Pew-Thian Yap1, Hongyu An1, Yasheng Chen1, and Dinggang Shen1
1Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

 
This abstract presents a post-processing algorithm for effective resolution enhancement of diffusion-weighted images by leveraging local fiber continuity. This algorithms allows us to increase the image resolution from the typical (2mm)^3 to (1mm)^3 with great agreement with actual (1mm)^3 scans. Since the algorithm does not rely on any special hardware or acquisition sequences, it can be applied to all existing data for increasing structural visibility, making it a very valuable tool for aiding identification of abnormalities and in applications such as tractography, segmentation, and registration.

 
0937.   An Improved Population-Based Multi-Tensor Atlas of White Matter Tracts
Demian Wassermann1, Nikos Makris2, Yogesh Rathi3, Martha E. Shenton3, Marek Kubicki3, Carl-Fredrik Westin1, and Ron Kikinis1
1Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hosptial & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 2Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States, 3Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hosptial & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

 
In this work, we present a new population-based atlas of white matter tracts based on High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI). In a population of 78 healthy subjects, we use a state of the art multi-tensor tractography algorithm to obtain a dense full-brain tractography and then we use dissect the major association, commissural and projection white matter tracts. Being able to trace axonal packages through areas of complex white matter anatomy, this approach enables us to consistently dissect tracts like the middle longitudinal fascicle (MdLF); the extreme capsule (EmC) ; the three subsections of the superior longitudinal fascicle (SLF); or the inferior ramifications of the cortico-spinal tract. Finally, we register all the tracts to MNI152 space and perform a statistical analysis to chart the shape and location of 29 white matter tracts: 11 association, 7 commissural and 12 projections ones.

 
0938.   The Sources of White Matter Lateralization Explored by Conjunction of Quantitative MRI Methods
Aviv Mezer1, Jason Yeatman1, Ariel Rokem1, and Brian Wandell1
1Stanford university, Stanford, CA, United States

 
We explore different sources of tissue variations along white matter tracts. Combining quantitative MRI maps (T1,PD) with diffusion-weighted imaging and tractography, we find that white matter lateralization in tractography-based fiber count and in FA can be explained by (a) variation in the location and proportion of crossing fibers along the length of the tract, and (b) differences in the physico-chemical environment between the hemispheres.

 
0939.   Derivation of Unbiased Anatomical and Diffusion MRI Templates of Primate Brains for Cross-Species Analysis
Frederick William Damen1, Longchuan Li2, and Xiaoping P. Hu1,2
1Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States, 2Biomedical Imaging and Technology Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States

 
In order to truly understand the network architecture of the human brain we must elucidate the connectivity networks of our primate ancestors. Analyzing the brain networks of chimpanzees, one of our closest living relatives, and macaques, an extensively studied primate, may shed light on the unique cognitive abilities of humans. Taking advantage of advanced group-wise registration algorithms and diffusion to anatomical co-registration techniques, we have developed a method to create unbiased anatomical and diffusion MRI templates for different primate brains. These templates can serve as a foundation to study the network architecture of several primate species on the population level.

 
0940.   Longitudinal Regional Brain Volume Changes in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Yongxia Zhou1, Andrea S. Kierans1, Damon Kenul1, Yulin Ge1, Joseph Rath2, Joseph Reaume1, Robert I. Grossman3, and Yvonne W. Lui1
1Radiology and Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States, 2Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States, 3Radiology and Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University, New York, NY, United States

 
The purpose of this study is to investigate longitudinal changes in regional brain volume patients after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) one year after injury and to correlate such changes with clinical and neurocognitive metrics. Automated segmentation of brain regions to compute regional gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes and validation with two advanced imaging techniques were done based on 3D T1-weighted imaging performed at 3T and correlated with clinical metrics. There are regions demonstrating measurable atrophy one year after MTBI, namely the WM in bilateral anterior cingulate and left isthmus of cingulate and precuneal GM.

 
0941.   Functional Measures Improve Separation of Marijuana Smokers with Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders from Healthy Controls and Marijuana Smokers Without Psychiatric Disorders in a Three-Group LDA Classification
Piotr Bogorodzki1, Melissa Lopez-Larson2,3, Jadwiga Rogowska4, and Deborah Yurgelun-Todd2,3
1Institute of Radioelectronics, Warsaw Technical University, Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, 2Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States, 3SLC VA MIRECC, Salt lake city, Utah, United States, 4University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTah, United States

 
The objective of this study was to determine whether morphometric or BOLD fMRI features obtained from structural and functional MRI scans could discriminate between three groups of subjects including healthy controls, marijuana using adolescents without comorbid psychiatric illness, and marijuana using adolescents with comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. We found that the combination of morphological and functional features significantly improves classification accuracy and decreases diagnostic misclassification rate. Our findings indicate that diagnostic classification algorithms may be improved with the addition of both morphology and functional measures obtained in fMRI studies.

 
0942.   Visualization and Quantitative Evaluation of Lumbar Nerve Roots Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging.
Yasuhiro OIkawa1, Yawara Eguchi1, Seiji Ohtori1, Sumihisa Orita1, Kazuyo Yamauchi1, Miyako Suzuki1, Yoshihiro Sakuma1, Go Kubota1, Kazuhide Inage1, Takeshi Saino1, HIrotaka Sato2, Hiroki Ando2, Masatoshi Kojima2, Kenichiro Okumura2, Yoshitada Masuda2, Atsuya Watanabe3, and Kazuhisa Takahashi1
1Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan, 2Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan, 3Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyou University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Chiba, Japan

 
DTI and DTT have been reported as novel imaging tools for a quantitative nerve evaluation. The purpose of this study was to visualize and evaluate the lumbar nerve root quantitatively using DTI and DTT. Thirty-four patients were evaluate with DTI. This study demonstrates that tractography shows nerve roots and spinal nerve roots clearly in asymptomatic nerves, and shows abnormal findings in lumbar spinal degenerative disease. DTI may offer not only morphological evaluation but also quantitative evaluation. We believe that DTI is a potential tool for the diagnosis of lumbar spinal degenerative disease.

 
0943.   Do Regional Cerebral Blood Volume (RCBV) Effects Partially Explain Short-Termed Changes of Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM)?
Dirk Ernst Cleppien1,2, Lei Zheng3, Claudia Falfan-Melgoza1, Barbara Vollmayr2,4, Gabriele Ende5, Wolfgang Weber-Fahr1,5, and Alexander Sartorius1,2
1RG Translational Imaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, 2Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, 3Experimental Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, 4Research Group Animal Models in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, 5NeuroImaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/ Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

 
One idea to measure possible neuroplastic effects of the brain is magnetic resonance imaging by using techniques like voxel-based morphometry (VBM). One possible drawback could be sensitivity to reversible changes of the brain structure as measurable by regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV). Therefore, our hypothesis was that rCBV partially explains the variance of VBM changes, which we tested by analyzing region-based correlations between rCBV and VBM in rat brain. For large brain regions rCBV correlates significantly with gray matter probability maps, whereas white matter probability maps correlate negatively with rCBV.

 
0944.   High Spatial Resolution Cerebral Blood Flow Imaging of Rat Brain
Qiang Shen1, Fang Du1, and Timothy O. Duong2
1Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States, 2Research Imaging Institute, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States

 
Cerebral blood flow is an important physiological parameter. The majority of CBF studies in rat brain are ~500x500x2000 microns using single shot EPI. In this study, we targeted the spatial resolution of 50μm x 38μm x 1mm to map the layer specific CBF of rat cortex. This approach was also used to image CBF of stroke rat brain at different time points. This study sets the stage for investigating CBF dysfunction for neurological diseases at very high spatial resolution.

 
0945.   MRI-Detectable Changes in Mouse Brain Structure Induced by Voluntary Exercise
Lindsay S. Cahill1, Patrick Steadman1, Christine L. Laliberté1, Patrick Macos1, Jun Dazai1, Jason P. Lerch1,2, Bojana Stefanovic2,3, and John G. Sled1,2
1Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 3Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

 
The purpose of this study is to map, using high-resolution MR imaging in combination with deformation-based morphometry, the macroscopic changes in brain structure that occur in healthy mice that undergo voluntary exercise. In comparison to the control group, the hippocampus and stratum granulosum of the dentate gyrus showed volume increases in the exercise group and showed a positive correlation with exercise performance. Volume changes were also observed in specific regions of the cerebellum. In addition, mean cortical thickness in the exercise group was found to have a positive correlation with performance.

 
0946.   An in vivo Tree Shrew Brain Anatomical Imaging Template for Tissue Segmentation and Morphormetry Analysis
Shuxia Wang1, Dai Shan1, Xuxia Wang1, Yong Fan2, Yuanye Ma3, and Hao Lei1
1State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 2National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China, 3Laboratory of Primate Neurosciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China

 
Tree shrews are special relatives of primates from evolution. They are visually oriented animals with well-developed visual system and also possess developed limbic brain structures. For years, they were used as animal models in studies of visual system and social tress. However, few previous studies have used magnetic resonance imaging to study the brain of tree shrew. As an important step to achieve automated/parametric analysis of tree shrew brain imaging data, we built a set of brain tissue probability maps (grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid) of Tupaia belangeri chinensis and used for semi-automated volumetric measurements of limbic brain structures.

 
0947.   Quantitative Comparison of Morphometric Data from Multi-Echo MPRAGE with Variable Acceleration and Different Head Coils
Ross W. Mair1,2, Martin Reuter2,3, André J. W. van der Kouwe2, Bruce Fischl2,4, and Randy Buckner1,2
1Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States, 2Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States, 3Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States, 4Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States

 
The multi-echo MPRAGE (MEMPRAGE) sequence was implemented to reduce signal distortion by acquiring at a higher bandwidth and averaging multiple echoes to recover SNR while providing additional T2* information that can enhance cortical segmentation. Here, we validate the morphometric results obtained from a rapid 2-minute MEMPRAGE scan with four-fold acceleration by comparison to those from a 6-minute, 1 mm isotropic, two-fold accelerated MEMPRAGE scan acquired in the same session. The results indicate that the rapid 2-minute MEMPRAGE protocol can be used in place of the longer, higher-resolution MEMPRAGE scan without degradation of the quantitative morphometric results obtained.

 
0948.   Classical Segmentation Methods on Novel MR Imaging: A Study of Brain Tissue Segmentation of MP2RAGE Vs MPRAGE
Meritxell Bach Cuadra1,2, Sebastien Gelin2,3, Alexis Roche1,4, Oscar Esteban2,5, Tobias Kober4, José P. Marques6, Cristina Granziera7, and Gunnar Krüger4,8
1Radiology Department, University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland, 2Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland, 3Bern University, Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 4Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare Sector IM&WS S, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland, 5Biomedical Image Technologies (BIT), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Madrid, Spain, 6CIBM-Animal Imaging and Technology core, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland, 7Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland, 8CIBM-AIT, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland

 
Existing brain tissue segmentation methods are optimized for conventional T1-weighted images such as MPRAGE. However, recent clinical research has highlighted the benefits of other image acquisition techniques such as MP2RAGE. In this work, we study the ability of three state-of-the-art algorithms to automatically segment WM, GM and CSF in MP2RAGE imaging. We quantify the differences between MPRAGE and MP2RAGE-based brain tissue probability maps through statistical voxel-based analysis. Results on a group of 19 healthy subjects show significant statistical differences between GM probability maps in the central nuclei and the cerebellum, for each of the three tested methods.

 
0949.   Classification of Cortical Layers at Sub-Pixel Resolution
Shlomi Lifshits1, Daniel Barazany2, Saharon Rosset1, and Yaniv Assaf2
1Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel, 2Department of Neurobiology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel

 
We train a classification model for prediction of the cortical layer based on inversion recovery data. We show how partial volume artifact can be minimized by enhancing the resolution using the generated probability maps.

 
0950.   Comparison of Cortical Surface Reconstructions Between Quantitative T1 and T1-Weighted Volumetric Data
Kyoko Fujimoto1, Lawrence L. Wald2,3, and Jonathan R. Polimeni2
1Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States, 2Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States, 33Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States

 
Automatic cortical surface reconstructions enable quantitative morphometric analyses of brain anatomy. Most reconstructions are derived from T1-weighted data, however changes to the acquisition protocol or imaging hardware can induce changes to image contrast or geometry. Therefore, quantitative parameter maps may provide more robust quantification. Here we demonstrate cortical surface reconstructions computed directly from the T1 map produced using the MP2RAGE method. We compare these reconstructions to those from a T1-weighted MP2RAGE and a multi-echo MPRAGE and find that the T1 map may provide a more accurate or robust segmentation of the white matter than the MP2RAGE T1-weighted data alone.

 
0951.   Evaluation of Three Automated Methods of Identifying the Hippocampus on T1 Weighted Images
Jian Lin1, Mingyi Li1, Katherine A. Koenig1, Mark J. Lowe1, and Micheal Phillips1
1Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States

 
In the abstract, we compare the two most popular and full automated methods of identifying hippocampus from T1 weighted whole-brain images (T1W), FSL/first and FreeSurfer, to a third candidate, a template registration method developed by our group based on Advanced Normalizaiton Tools and symmetric image normalization method(ANTS/SyN). After quantative matching analysis and qualitative visual inspection, we conclude that the ANTS method produced ROIs that are closest to the hand traced hippocampal.

 
0952.   Fully Automatic Segmentation of the Amygdala on High Resolution T1 Images Using a Shape Model
Frank Thiele1,2, Lukas Scheef2, Fabian Wenzel3, Carsten Meyer3, Henning Boecker2, Michael Wagner4, Hans H. Schild2, and Frank Jessen4
1Philips Research, Aachen, Germany, 2Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany, 3Philips Research, Hamburg, Germany, 4Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

 
Automatic segmentation of amygdala volumes would present an important tool for neuroscience studies in cognition and psychiatry, and a potential diagnostic marker. In this work, a shape model is applied to T1-weighted MRI for fully automatic segmentation of the amygdala in 70 elderly normals. Segmentation is compared to manual tracing as well as a state-of-the-art atlas-based approach. The shape model is found to be a promising approach for reproducible and observer-independent analysis of the amygdala.

 
0953.   Imaging of the Nigrosomes of the Substantia Nigra at 3T
Anna I. Blazejewska1, Stefan T. Schwarz2, Samuel J. Wharton1, Richard W. Bowtell1, Dorothee P. Auer2, and Penelope A. Gowland1
1SPMMRC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Notts, United Kingdom, 2Division of Radiological and Imaging Sciences, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, Notts, United Kingdom

 
Nigrosomes are substructures of the substantia nigra (SN) that are clinically important due to their high vulnerability to the dopaminergic cell loss in the Parkinon’s disease (PD). The largest nigrosome (N1) can be detected in vivo using high resolution T2*w images obtained at 7T and has shown potential to become a marker of PD. This study compared different 3T scans in terms of their ability to visualise nigrosome 1 and found that it can be detected in clinically useful imaging times using an FFE or PRESTO scan.

 
0954.   Visualization of Accessory Root of Trigeminal Nerve Using HFMRI: Potential for Preoperative Planning
Julien Sein1, Bharathi D. Jagadeesan2,3, Andrew W. Grande3,4, Julian Tokarev5, Michael Salmella2, Kamil Ugurbil1, and Pierre-Francois Van de Moortele1
1CMRR, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 2Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 3Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 4Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 5Medical School TC, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States

 
Trigeminal Neuralgia is a disorder whose exact pathophysiological mechanism remains unknown although in most cases by neurovascular compression along the trigeminal nerve by a neighboring vessel. It is critical for diagnosis and preoperative planning to understand the relationships between the neurovascular entities involved in this compression. We show that high-resolution images acquired on a 7T MRI scanner using different contrast modalities (T1, T2, T2*) clearly depict these neurovascular structures. Therefore high resolution imaging of the Trigeminal Nerve at 7 Tesla has the potential to further our understanding of the pathophysiology of this disorder.

 

TRADITIONAL POSTER SESSION • NEURO A
Tuesday, 23 April 2013 (10:00-12:00) Exhibition Hall
Human Brain Tumors: Diagnosis & Response

0955.   Amide Proton Transfer Imaging of Diffuse Gliomas: Correlation with Histopathological Grades
Osamu Togao1,2, Takashi Yoshiura2, Jochen Keupp3, Akio Hiwatashi2, Koji Yamashita2, Kazufumi Kikuchi2, Yuriko Suzuki4, Mariya Doneva3, Koji Sagiyama5, Masaya Takahashi5, and Hiroshi Honda2
1Molecular Imaging and Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan, 2Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan,3Philips Research Europe, Hamburg, Germany, 4Philips Electronics Japan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 5Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States

 
Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging employs the exchange between protons of free tissue water and the amide groups (-NH) of endogenous mobile proteins and peptides, imaged by a chemical exchange saturation transfer technique. APT imaging is expected to be a non-invasive method to measure proteins and peptides level in active tumors. In this study, we demonstrated the ability of APT imaging for prediction of histopathological grades of diffuse gliomas in a large patient population with histopathological evaluations.

 
0956.   
Whole Brain Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Imaging Via Compressed Sensing Techniques
Haonan Wang1, Matthias C. Schabel2, Alex Schabel3, Karen Salzman3, Neal K. Bangerter1, and Edward V.R. DiBella4
1Electrical & Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States, 2Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States, 3Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States, 4Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States

 
3D DCE MRI utilizes rapid T1-weighted acquisitions to record the uptake of an injected contrast agent. In the brain, recent developments in pharmacokinetic modeling have enabled the separation of flow and permeability components in these T1-weighted acquisitions, providing a potential alternative to conventional T2*-weighted perfusion MRI. The ability to obtain rapid, high-resolution whole-brain coverage is desirable for a variety of diseases, requiring acceleration factors of 3-4 relative to current state-of-the-art data acquisition schemes. Here, we demonstrate whole brain 3D DCE MRI acquired at 2 mm isotropic resolution and 4.3 sec temporal resolution using a weighted pseudo-random undersampling scheme.

 
0957.   Contrast Dose Dependence of Arterial-Venous Overlap in High-Grade Glioma
Peter S. LaViolette1, Mitchell Daun2, Alexander D. Cohen3, Jennifer Connelley2, and Kathleen M. Schmainda1
1Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 2Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 3Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States

 
Recently a new biomarker of brain tumor vascularity has been described. Independent component analysis is applied to DSC perfusion imaging to separate arterial and venous components. The overlap of these components (i.e. arterio-venous overlap, or AVOL) occurs preferentially in enhancing neoplastic vasculature. This study finds that a preload of contrast agent is necessary to measure AVOL by comparing the amount of AVOL within tumor contrast enhancement derived from both the preload and second dose of contrast agent. T1 Leakage effects confound AVOL measurements during the first dose.

 
0958.   Intravoxel Distribution of Water Diffusion Rates Reveals Proliferative Activity in Human Astrocytoma
Wen-Zhen Zhu1, Wei Xiong2, He Wang3, and Yuan-Yuan Qin1
1Tongji hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong university of science and technology, wuhan, hubei, China, 2Mr modality, GE healthcare, wuhan, hubei, China, 3MR Research China, GE healthcare, Pudong District, Shanghai, China

 
Using DWI based on streched-exponential model, we could separate different grades of human astrocytoma and predict the preoperative activity of the tumors.

 
0959.   Perfusion Correction of Brain Tumor Functional Diffusion Maps
Alexander D. Cohen1, Pete S. LaViolette2, Melissa A. Prah2, and Kathleen M. Schmainda1,2
1Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 2Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States

 
Functional diffusion maps (fDMs) use temporal changes in ADC to monitor brain tumor progression and treatment response. Traditional fDMs, calculated with b=0,1000 s/mm2, are confounded by perfusion effects. This study used flow compensated fDMs, calculated with b=500,1000 s/mm2, to evaluate the effects of perfusion changes on longitudinal diffusion differences. Voxels classified differently on flow compensated fDMs vs. traditional fDMs had significant perfusion changes. This indicates flow compensated fDMs are less sensitive to perfusion effects as voxels classified as changing ADC on the traditional fDM solely due to perfusion effects are classified as not changing ADC on the flow compensated fDM.

 
0960.   Evaluation of Metabolic Heterogeneity in Regions of Contrast-Enhancing Versus Non-Enhancing GBM Using 1H HR-MAS Spectroscopy
Adam Elkhaled1, Joanna J. Phillips2, Susan M. Chang3, Soonmee Cha1, and Sarah J. Nelson1,4
1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States, 2Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, 3Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, 4Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States

 
Although Gd-based contrast agents can help interrogate tumor margins in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) by exploiting permeable vasculature, the full extent of infiltrative disease remains difficult to assess. This study sought to analyze the metabolic profiles of non-enhancing image-guided tissue samples from patients with GBM using the NMR technique of 1H HR-MAS spectroscopy. Results indicated that while NE tumor was as cellular as contrast-enhancing tumor, it nevertheless demonstrated an altered metabolic profile indicating that infiltrative tumor resembles grade III glioma, which lacks the vascularity and necrosis of GBM. This information may assist in defining surgical margins and residual tumor.

 
0961.   First Proton CSI of a Human Brain Tumor at 9.4T
Grzegorz L. Chadzynski1,2, Sotirios Bisdas3, Gisela E. Hagberg1,2, Rolf Pohmann2, Gunamony Shajan2, Rupert Kolb3, Uwe Klose3, and Klaus Scheffler1,2
1Dept. Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany, 2Dept. High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planc Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany, 3Dept. Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany

 
Recent studies have shown that in-vivo 1H CSI at ultra-high magnetic field may benefit from the gain in signal to noise ratio and spectral resolution. This could be of interest when assessing the physiopathology of brain tumors, where detection of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) with 1H CSI at a field strength of 3 T has recently been reported. This particular compound is associated with mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenasis (IDH) frequently occurring in gliomas. The aim of this study was to verify whether proton CSI at a field strength of 9.4 T can facilitate the diagnosis of human brain tumors.

 
0962.   Multivoxel Lactate Editing in Glioma Patients at 3.0T
Lawrence Kenning1, Martin Lowry1, Ralph Noeske2, and Lindsay W. Turnbull1
1Centre for MR Investigations, Hull York Medical School at University of Hull, Hull, East Yorkshire, United Kingdom, 2EMEA Research and Collaboration, Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, 10587 Berlin, Germany

 
Lactate concentration in gliomas is a potential biomarker for tumour behaviour and treatment response. To investigate this we implemented a PRESS MRSI editing sequence with BASING pulses and interleaved frequency offsets to reduce motion effects. Broadband refocusing pulses reduced chemical-shift displacement thus improving editing efficiency. Semi-automated processing generated separate singlet and edited spectra that were processed using LCModel. In 16 patients we observed lactate in 5 of 7 high-grade lesions, where it accounted for 33-60% of the resonance at 1.3ppm with concentrations of 1.7-6.0mM. The sequence will allow investigation of relationships between lactate concentration, tumour heterogeneity and treatment response.

 
0963.   The Characteristics of Amide Proton Transfer MR Imaging of Human Brain Tumors
Ge Zhang1, Xianlong Wang1, Shilong Lu1, Zhibo Wen1, and Jinyuan Zhou2
1Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 2Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States

 
We explored the imaging features of malignant, brain metastasis, and different grades of glioma using Amide Proton Transfer MR Imaging at 3 Tesla. Results showed that The average APT signal intensities of the viable tumor cores in each tissue groups were significantly higher than those of peritumoral edema or normal-appearing white matter. Metastases had not significantly different APT signal intensities than those of malignant, low-grade and high-grade glioma. APT imaging provides additional diagnostic information to characterize brain metastases non-invasively.

 
0964.   Investigation of Vascular MRI (ASL and SWI) in Complement to RANO Criteria to Characterize Anti-Angiogenic Therapeutic Response of Glioblastomas
Slim Fellah1, Olivier Chinot2, Nadine Girard1,3, Maxime Guye1, and Virginie Callot4
1Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), CNRS / Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France, 2Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital de la Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, France, 3Service de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital de la Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, France, 4Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France

 
In this study, we performed longitudinal MR follow-up of GBM treated with anti-angiogenics using a multimodal MR protocol. The investigations particularly involved arterial spin-labeling (ASL) and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Both sequences provide vascular information that may be particularly appropriated to evaluate the anti-angiogenic response, in complement to RANO criteria.

 
0965.   Detection and Quantification of 2-Hydroxyglutarate in Gliomas with IDH Gene Mutation Using High Resolution 900MHz 1H-NMR Spectroscopy
Hyeon-Man Baek1, Yun-Ju Lee1, Eun-Hee Kim1, Chaejoon Cheong1, and Seung-Ho Yang2
1Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, Korea, 2Neurosurgery St. Vincent's Hospital, Catholic University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea

 
This study represents, to our knowledge, the first in vitro measurements of absolute quantification of 2HG levels in IDH1/2 mutated tumors using high resolution 1H-900MHz (21.1 Tesla) NMR spectroscopy. The levels of 2HG in this work had a range of 0.29 - 5.79 µmol/g from seven glioma samples with IDH1/2 mutation (e.g., 4 WHO grade II and 3 WHO grade III). In addition, Glu levels were found to be lower in IDH1/2 mutant tumors compared to IDH1/2 wild type tumors. This result may reflect that IDH mutations cause a decrease in Glu and/or lower case Greek alpha-ketoglutarate production and an increase in 2HG.

 
0966.   Feasibility of High-Resolution Pituitary MRI at 7.0 Tesla
A.A.J. De Rotte1, A.G. Van der Kolk1, D.R. Rutgers1, P.M.J. Zelissen2, Fredy Visser1,3, Peter R. Luijten1, and Jeroen Hendrikse1
1Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3Philips Healthcare, Best, Noord-Brabant, Netherlands

 
For diagnosing small pituitary gland lesions, a high spatial resolution is necessary. Due to its superior soft tissue contrast, MRI is the technique of choice for diagnosis of these lesions. Since a higher fieldstrength enables higher spatial resolutions, a dedicated pituitary gland protocol was developed at 7.0T, consisting of a T1-weighted Magnetization-Preparation Inversion Recovery TSE sequence and a T2-weighted TSE sequence, both with 0.8mm isotropic voxels. Highly detailed visualization of the pituitary gland was possible in 10 healthy volunteers and 2 patients, with high image quality and -contrast. This dedicated 7.0T protocol could have additional value in the clinical setting.

 
0967.   Fiber Pathways Alteration Reveals Brain Tumor Typology
Martina Campanella1, Tamara Ius2, Miran Skrap2, and Luciano Fadiga1,3
1RBCS, Italian Institute of Technology, Genova, Genova, Italy, 2Department of Neurosurgery, Az. Ospedaliero-Universitaria Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Udine, Italy, 3Section of Human Physiology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

 
Structural Magnetic Resonance(MRI) technique does not provide exhaustive information about the integrity of the surrounding/embedded white matter(WM). In this study we used Diffusion-Weighted MRI tractography to explore tumor-induced alterations of WM architecture without any a priori knowledge about the fiber paths under consideration. We analyzed by deterministic multi-fiber tractography 16 cases of histologically classified brain tumors. Tractography results showed different degrees of severity in WM involvement, which strongly correlated with the histopathological features of the lesion, suggesting the application of the proposed method as a diagnostic tool in those critical cases where the lesion does not involve major/known WM paths.

 
0968.   Assessing Radiation Toxicity to the Normal Brain by Echo-Planar Spectroscopic Imaging and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Sanjeev Chawla1, Sumei Wang1, Sungheon Kim2, Sulaiman Sheriff3, Ramesh Rengan4, Alexander Lin4, Elias R. Melhem1, Andrew Maudsley3, and Harish Poptani1
1Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 2Radiology, New York University, New York, NY, United States, 3Radiology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States, 4Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

 
To assess the extent of damage to normal brain in patients irradiated with whole brain radiation therapy, patients with brain metastases (n=4) and small-lung cancers undergoing prophylactic cranial irradiation (n=3) underwent whole brain echoplanar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Significantly increase in mean diffusivity (MD), Cho/Cr and trend towards decrease in NAA/Cr were observed from right hippocampus post-irradiation. Significant decrease in FA from right centrum-semiovale and significant increase in MD and Cho/Cr from genu of corpus-callosum were also observed post-irradiation. These promising findings suggest the potential of EPSI and DTI in assessing radiation toxicity in normal brain.

 
0969.   Using Proton MRSI to Predict Response to Vorinostat Treatment in Recurrent GBM
Li Wei1, Scott N. Hwang2, Andrew H. Miller3, Ying Guo4, Daniel Brat5,6, Chad A. Holder2, Xiaoping P. Hu1, Jeffrey J. Olson7, and Hyunsuk Shim2,6
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, 2Department Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, 3Department of Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, 4Department of Biostatistics, school of public health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, 5Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, 6Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, 7Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States

 
Epigenetic modifications are now recognized as a frequent development in the early phases of tumorigenesis, however, they may be readily reversible by “epigenetic drugs’’ such as inhibitors of histone deacetylases. In this study, we detected metabolites changes in GBM tumor to SAHA treatment by magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). The result shows increased NAA, mI and Cre and decreased Cho and Lac/lipids around the tumor area only in responders. This suggests that MRSI can distinguish responders (normalization/restoration of tumor metabolites towards normal brain-like metabolism) from non-responders.

 
0970.   Effects of Age on Brain Tumour Metabolite Levels Measured by In-Vivo 1H MRS in Children and Young People Are Tumour Type Specific
Nigel Paul Davies1,2, Simrandip Gill2,3, Lesley MacPherson3, Theodoros N. Arvanitis4, and Andrew C. Peet2,3
1Imaging & Medical Physics, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom, 2Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom, 3Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom, 4School of Electronic, Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom

 
MRS metabolite profiles are useful for characterising brain tumours. Clinical, histopathological and genetic features vary between brain tumours at different ages in children and adults. However, it is not known whether these differences manifest as variations in tumour metabolite levels with age. This study investigates metabolite level differences and correlations with age across a cohort of childhood brain tumours (N=243). The only significant correlation after Bonferroni correction was between choline and age for medulloblastomas (N=42). This finding could not be explained by differences in maturation, metastatic status, gender or histopathological subtype; hence the potential association with genetic subtype should be investigated.

 
0971.   Repeatability of the Perfusion MRI Brain Tumor Vasculature Sensitive Biomarker, Arterio-Venous Overlap (AVOL) in Recurrent Brain Tumor Patients with Two Baseline Imaging Scans
Peter S. LaViolette1, Mitchell Daun2, Melissa A. Prah1, Kourosh Jafari-Khouzani3, Pavlina Polaskova3, Elizabeth R. Gerstner4, Steven M. Stufflebeam3, and Kathleen M. Schmainda1
1Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 2Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 3Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States, 4Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

 
A new biomarker of brain tumor vasculature derived from independent component analysis (ICA) applied to DSC MRI data has been recently described. It has been shown to occur preferentially in tumor, and is predictive of response to bevacizumab. This study varies the number of ICA components modeled to determine what number is most appropriate for modeling AVOL. The study was done in 27 patients with two scans days apart prior to therapy. We also compared simultaneously acquired SE and GE data. We find that modeling 4 or 5 components results in highly repeatable GE maps, while SE maps of AVOL are less repeatable.

 
0972.   Identification of the Anterior Choroidal Arteries in Patients with Sella and Parasella Tumors Using Time-Of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography with 7 Tesla MR Imager
Tsukasa Wada1, Toshiyuki Murakami1, Takamasa Nanba1, Kohsuke Kudo2, Makoto Sasaki2, and Kuniaki Ogasawara1
1Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan, 2Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan

 
The aim of this study was to investigate whether time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography with 7 Tesla MR scanner can display the anterior choroidal artery (AchA) in patients with sella and parasella tumors. 7T-MRA demonstrated at least one AchA in all seven patients. In two of 3 patients who underwent microsurgery through craniotomy, although two AchAs were intraoperatively identified, 7T-MRA displayed only one AchA.

 
0973.   MR-Elastography Differentiates Intracranial Tumors in Presurgical Patients-A Prospective Histology Controlled Study
Jing Guo1, Martin Simon2, Sebastian Papazoglou3, Christian Erdmann4, Uwe Melchert2, Matteo Bonsanto4, Juergen Braun5, Dirk Petersen2, Ingolf Sack3, and Jens Wuerfel6
1Department of Radiology, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 2neuroradiology, University Luebeck, Luebeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, 3Department of Radiology, Charite- University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 4neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, 5Department of Medical Informatics, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 6neuroradiology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Lower Saxony, Germany

 
Tumor MRE characterizes and differentiates individual tumor entities indistinguishable by conventional MRI. MRE may thus provide a predictive marker for tumor malignancy and therewith contribute to an early noninvasive clinical assessment of suspicious cerebral lesions.

 
0974.   Relating Physiological MR Imaging to Neurocognitive Function in Patients with Glioma
Janine M. Lupo1, Caroline A. Racine2, Angela Jakary1, Sarah J. Nelson1,3, Susan M. Chang4, and Nicholas Butowski2
1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States, 2Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States,3Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States, 4Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States

 
The current frameworks for understanding neurocognitive changes over time in patients with glioma are still limited, and would benefit from correlation with imaging in order to gain insight into the pathogenesis of treatment-related brain injury. We performed a pilot study that aimed to identify quantitative physiological parameters obtained from diffusion-weighted, perfusion-weighted, and spectroscopic MR imaging prior to surgery and subsequent therapy that can relate to measured neurocognitive impairment before, during, and after the course of standard treatment regimes. Perfusion parameters were most often associated with cognitive measures in general, with normal-appearing brain regions driving associations at later time points.

 
0975.   A Novel Scheme for Producing Multi-Parametric Volumes
Lawrence Kenning1, Martin Lowry1, and Lindsay W. Turnbull1
1Centre for MR Investigations, Hull York Medical School at University of Hull, Hull, East Yorkshire, United Kingdom

 
Treatment response can be difficult to assess in MRI data acquired with varying modalities and obliquities. We addressed this issue in multi-parametric MR data acquired from glioma patients using image registration. Data were obtained prior to therapy and again shortly after completion of radiotherapy. Anatomical and functional (DTI, DCE, DSC) images were acquired at each exam. Motion correction within series, along with inter, and intra exam registration allowed creation of single, multiparametric 4D volumes containing FLAIR T2, post-contrast T1, ADC, FA, R1, Ktrans, ve, vb, and rCBV data. These multiparametric datasets enable facile assessment of response to therapeutic interventions.

 
0976.   Parametric Response Maps from DCE-MRI Predict Response to Chemoradiotherapy in High Grade Gliomas
Martin Lowry1, Lawrence Kenning1, Christopher Rowland-Hill2, Sanjay Dixit3, Shailendra Achawal4, Chittoor Rajaraman4, and Lindsay Turnbull1
1Centre for MR Investigations, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK, United Kingdom, 2Department of Radiology, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Hospitals Trust, Hull, East Yorkshire, United Kingdom, 3Department of Oncology, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Hospitals Trust, Hull, East Yorkshire, United Kingdom, 4Department of Neurosurgery, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Hospitals Trust, Hull, East Yorkshire, United Kingdom

 
Parametric response maps are proving useful in the search for methods capable of assessing the response to treatment in a variety of tumours. We have compared the efficacy of parameter maps generated from diffusion weighted, dynamic contrast-enhanced and dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging in the early phase of chemoradiotherapy of high grade gliomas following surgery. In this scenario only the parameters Ktrans and ve were significantly able to differentiate between the responders and non responders. Lack of efficacy of ADC and rCBV may be a combined consequence of extensive tissue remodelling and non-zero values in the various brain tissue states.

 
0977.   Reduced Diffusion and Perfusion in Bevacizumab-Induced Diffusion Restricted Necrosis Versus Brain Tumor Hypercellularity
Peter S. LaViolette1, Elizabeth Cochran2, Alexander D. Cohen3, Mona Al-Gizawiy1, Jennifer Connelley4, Scott D. Rand1, Mark G. Malkin4, and Kathleen M. Schmainda1
1Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 2Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 3Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,4Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States

 
Recent conflicting reports show that regions of bevacizumab induced restricted diffusion, as measured with DWI MRI contain neoplastic hypercellularity or atypical necrosis. In this study we look at one sample from a glioblastoma patient ex-vivo. We find that regions of dark ADC contain both hypercellularity and necrosis. Regions of necrosis had more restricted diffusion than regions of hypercallularity. rCBV was also decreased in necrotic regions compared to hypercellularity.

 
0978.   Classification of Hyperintense FLAIR Lesion Area in Patients with Glioblastoma Following Treatment with Bevacizumab
Moran Artzi1,2, Orna Aizenstein1, Deborah T. Blumenthal3, Felix Bokstein3, Benjamin W. Corn2,4, and Dafna Ben Bashat1
1The Functional Brain Center, The Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 3Neuro-Oncology Service, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel, 4Institute of Radiotherapy, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel

 
Following bevacizumab(BVZ) therapy in patients with glioblastoma (GB), a pattern of non-enhancing tumor progression was reported, characterized by areas with hyperintense T2-weighted signal. This study aimed to differentiate between the vasogenic and tumor components in these areas, based on diffusion and perfusion MRI. Thirteen GB patients were scanned before and during BVZ therapy (total 37 scans). Unsupervised segmentation was performed on the non-enhancing hyperintense FLAIR areas, clustering into: vasogenic edema, intermediate and active tumor. A decrease in vasogenic edema, along with a trend of increased tumor-related components was detected, supporting the concept of infiltrative tumor progression pattern following BVZ therapy.

 
0979.   Challenges for the Functional Diffusion Map in Paediatric Brain Tumours with Different Grades
Matthew Grech-Sollars1, Dawn E. Saunders2, Kim P. Phipps3, Ramneek Kaur1, Jonathan D. Clayden1, and Christopher A. Clark1
1UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, London, United Kingdom, 2Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, London, United Kingdom, 3Department of Neuro-oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, London, United Kingdom

 
The functional diffusion map (fDM) has been suggested as a tool for early detection of tumour treatment efficacy. In higher grade tumours, it has been shown that a decrease in ADC is indicative of increased cellularity and poor treatment response. However, due to the relatively high ADC, and lower cellularity, of lower grade tumours, we expect a decrease in ADC to be indicative of positive treatment response. We therefore hypothesize that fDM changes need to be interpreted in accordance with tumour grade and show this in paediatric brain tumours of different grades.

 
0980.   Investigating the Microenvironment of Childhood Brain Tumours Using MRS
Ben Babourina-Brooks1, Martin Wilson1,2, Theodoros N. Arvanitis2,3, Andrew C. Peet1,2, and Nigel Paul Davies1,4
1School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom, 2Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom, 3School of Electronic, Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom, 4Imaging & Medical Physics, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom

 
The purpose of this study is to investigate differences in micro-environment factors relating to temperature, exchange effects and ionic strength between childhood brain tumour types using the water proton resonant frequency (PRF) shift relative to metabolite peaks (methyl creatine and tCho) determined by MRS. PRF shift averaging using amplitude weighted methods were also investigated. 1.5T Siemans Symphony data from 19 cancer patients (8 Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumour (PNET) and 11 Gliomas) and 20 apparently normal child brain spectra were analysed. Results showed significant differences in PRF shifts between PNET and Glioma tumour types as well as tumour against apparently healthy spectra.

 
0981.   The Local Image Variance - A Tool to Facilitate the Differentiation Between Cerebral Lymphomas and High Grade Brain Gliomas
Günther Grabner1, Sabine Goed1, Christine Marosi2, Stefan Wolfsberger3, Aygül Mert3, Georg Widhalm3, Siegfried Trattnig1, and Matthias Preusser2
1Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 2Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 3Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

 
This study shows that the local image variance based on Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI) at 7 Tesla can be used to facilitate the differentiation between cerebral lymphomas and high grade brain gliomas.

 
0982.   Diffusion Weighted Tractography of Nerve Pathology with Reduced Field of View EPI
Jared Narvid1, Suchandrima Banerjee2, Jason Talbott1, Michel Kliot3, and Cynthia Chin1
1Neuroradiology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States, 2Global Applied Sciences, GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, CA, United States, 3Neurosurgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States

 
Non-invasive imaging methods that can visualize axons in peripheral nerves may be useful in helping to distinguish axonontmetic nerve injuries which can recover through axonal regeneration from neurotmetic injuries which cannot either due to physical discontinuity in the nerve or intraneural fibrosis which impedes nerve fibers from regenerating. It would also be useful to visualize the spatial relationship of axons to tumors arising from nerves to help determine the surgical resectablility of such masses when clinically appropriate. We have successfully applied rFOV DTI to visualize nerve fibers in the clinical setting of traumatic nerve injuries and peripheral nerve tumors.

 
0983.   Quantitative Multi-Parametric MRI for Evaluating Early Treatment Response in Recurrent Glioma
Jack T. Skinner1,2, Adrienne N. Dula1,2, Lori R. Arlinghaus2, Jason Williams2, Megan Strother1, Paul Moots3, and Christopher C. Quarles1,2
1Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States, 2Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States, 3Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States

 
Clinical approaches for monitoring treatment response in brain tumors often rely on imaging tumor size, which may be insufficient based on early changes in tumor physiology. Interpretation of the effectiveness of anti-angiogenic therapies can be confounded by changes in standard of care images. Quantitative MRI methods assessing blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), cellularity and permeability were applied in a recurrent glioma patient receiving bevacizumab. A decrease in BF, BV, Ktrans and ADC was observed two weeks post-treatment. Correlation of these changes with tumor size and survival time may help establish these imaging biomarkers as predictors of early treatment response.

 
0984.   Differentiation Between Cerebral Metastases, Meningiomas, and Primary Gliomas by Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI.
Huarui Du1, Bing Fan2, Ya Cao3, Xiaoying Wang2,3, Jue Zhang1,3, and Jing Fang1,3
1College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China, 2Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China, 3Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China

 
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the capability of Volume Transfer Coefficient (Ktrans) and Interstitial Space Volume Fraction (ve) derived from Reference Tissue (RR) model to differentiate intraaxial brain masses such as low-grade glioma, high-grade glioma, cerebral metastases and meningiomas. The results demonstrated that Ktrans and ve derived from RR model are promising noninvasive imaging modality that could be used for distinguishing intraaxial brain masses.

 
0985.   Preliminary Experience with Visualization of Susceptibility Signal Patterns to Differentiate Intracranial Hemangiopericytomas and Meningiomas by T2* Weighted Angiography Imaging
Haiyan Lou1, Rui Zhang1, Jingfeng Zhang1, Qidong Wang1, Ying Tong2, Shunliang Xu1, and He Wang3
1Radiology Department, Medical School of Zhejiang University, hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 2Neurosurgery Department, Medical School of Zhejiang University, hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 3MR research China,GE healthcare, Shanghai, Shanghai, China

 
the use of 3T HR suscepibility weighted imaging will accurate quanliative diagnosis hemangioblastomas and hemangiopericytomas from meningiomas based on the intralesional susceptibility effects

 
0986.   Short Echo Time 1H-MRSI of Glioma Brain Tumors Referenced to Metabolite Levels of Normal Brain.
A.J. Idema1, Jannie P. Wijnen2, and Arend Heerschap3
1Neurosurgery, UMC St Radboud, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 2UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3Radiology, UMC St Radboud, Nijmegen, Netherlands

 
With 1H MR Spectroscopy brain tumor infiltration can be assessed beyond that with conventional MRI. Our aim was to explore the potential hereto of additional metabolites observable at short echo times. We analyzed 23 healthy volunteers and 20 patients with a glioma brain tumor with 3D MRSI. From the healthy volunteers the 1% and 99% percentiles were determined for the different metabolite ratios. Voxels with ratios outside the 1%-99% were included in tumor imaging. Deviating Cho/NAA was found in the whole tumor, while Gln/Glu was more pronounced in active parts of the tumor and mI/NAA in the infiltrative part.

 
0987.   Multiparametric MRI Analysis of Glioblastoma Multiforme Tissues Using Multi-Class Support Vector Machines
J. Gabe Heredia1, John K. Hald2, Pat A. Turski3, Cheng Guan Koay1, and Mary Elizabeth Meyerand4
1Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 2Neuroradiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, 3Department of Radiology, University of Wisonsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 4Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
 
 
0988.   Amide Proton Transfer Imaging for High-Grade and Low-Grade Brain Tumors
Masahiro Ida1, Toshiki Wakayama2, and Katsutoshi Murata3
1Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Oota-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 2Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Oota-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 3Research and Collaboration, Siemens Japan, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan

 
We evaluate whether amide proton transfer (APT) imaging can provide additional information in differentiating malignant brain tumors (WHO grade III & IV) from benign tumors (grade II) and chemotherapy-induced pseudoprogression and irradiation necrosis. APT imaging was performed at 3-tesla using a gradient-echo sequence for CEST (W.I.P) with thirteen frequency offsets (4.5ppm). Increased APT signal was observed in tumor tissues in grade III and IV. However, no elevation of APT signal was recognized in grade II tumors, chemoradiation-indueced pseudoprogression and necrosis. APT imaging can provide adjunct information utilized for differentiating malignant brain tumors from benign tumors and post-therapeutic necrosis.

 
0989.   Chemotherapy-Induced Structural Changes in Cerebral White Matter in Breast Cancer Patients: A Longitudinal DTI Study
Jeremy Moreau1, Arturo Cardenas-Blanco2, Santanu Chakraborty2, Mark E. Schweitzer2, Carole Scherling3, Joyce Mackenzie4, Barbara Collins5, and Andra Smith1
1School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 2Diagnostic Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 3Memory and aging center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States, 4The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 5Neuropsychology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

 
Chemotherapy used in the treatment of breast cancer has been associated with damage to myelin. Hence investigating white matter changes in breast cancer patients following chemotherapy could aid in the understanding of chemotherapy related cognitive impairment. this study we assesses FA in a group of breast cancer patients prior to and at two time points following chemotherapy treatment. The results suggests: i) Quantitative DTI biomarkers are sensitive to detect structural changes induced by chemotherapy ii) chemotherapy impacts white matter in important areas of the brain. iii) Alterations, detected as changes in FA, recover 1 year post-chemotherapy to near pre-chemotherapy levels.

 

TRADITIONAL POSTER SESSION • NEURO A
Tuesday, 23 April 2013 (10:00-12:00) Exhibition Hall
Advanced Imaging for Dementia

0990.   Blood-Brain Barrier Pathology in Dementia: Dual Time Resolution Dynamic Contrast Enhanced-MRI Assessment
Harm J. van de Haar1, Saartje Burgmans1, Thijs van Osch2, Jacobus Jansen3, Frank C.G. van Bussel1, Cecile RLPN Jeukens3, Mark A. van Buchem2, Paul A.M. Hofman3, Frans RJ Verhey1, and Walter H. Backes3
1Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands, 2Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands, 3Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands

 
A potential underlying mechanism for dementia through Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) could be that microscopic vascular abnormalities cause leakage of the blood brain barrier prior to neuronal damage. The primary aim of this pilot study is to assess the feasibility of detecting this damage in terms of the pharmacokinetic parameters fractional blood volume (vb) and leakage (Ki), in brains suffering from (preclinical) AD with a dual-temporal resolution DCE-MRI sequence. Also, the minimally required scan duration was investigated.

 
0991.   Using ASL MRI to Measure Perfusion and Arrival Time in Patients with Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Helen Beaumont1, Geoff J. M. Parker1, Roland Zahn2, and Laura M. Parkes1
1Centre for Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Imaging Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, GMC, United Kingdom, 2Divisions of Psychology & Psychiatry, University of Manchester, Manchester, GMC, United Kingdom

 
Perfusion was greater in right occipital regions and cerebellum in patients compared to controls and was lower in right frontal and temporal regions. Arrival time showed more bilateral differences, being longer in insular, occipital and medial temporal regions in patients compared to controls and shorter in the caudate, amygdala and temporal regions.

 
0992.   Relaxation, Magnetization Transfer, and Diffusion Tensor Measurements in the Hippocampal Formation of APP and PS1 Transgenic Mice
Jonathan D. Thiessen1,2, Kerrie Hayes3, and Melanie Martin2,4
1Radiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, 2Physics & Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, 3Biology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, 4Physics, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

 
T1 and T2 relaxation, diffusion tensor imaging, and quantitative magnetization transfer imaging was applied to ex vivo APP and PS1 mice, with a focus on the hippocampal formation. Structures in the hippocampal formation were visible in diffusion anisotropy maps, allowing regions of interest to be defined and measured for all of the quantitative MRI measurements. This work represents a first step towards multimodal MRI measurements in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.

 
0993.   White Matter Degeneration in Early- And Late-Myelinating Tracts Through the Course of Alzheimer’s Disease
Andreana Benitez1, Els Fieremans2, Jens H. Jensen1, Maria F. Falangola1, Ali Tabesh1, Rachael L. Deardorff1, James S. Babb2, Dmitry S. Novikov2, and Joseph A. Helpern1
1Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States, 2Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University, New York, New York, United States

 
We applied DKI-based white matter tract integrity metrics to the study of Alzheimer’s disease within the framework of retrogenesis; late-myelinating (LM) tracts are more susceptible to aging and AD, and are therefore hypothesized to decline more so than early-myelinating (EM) tracts, which remain comparatively stable. In our sample (N=41) of matched normal controls, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and AD subjects, using atlas-based ROI analyses we found that in the course of AD, axonal density loss and myelin breakdown occur in LM tracts, but largely not in EM tracts, and that myelin breakdown in LM tracts correlates with poorer verbal fluency.

 
0994.   Blood Water Volume Fraction of White Matter Hyperintensities
Valerie C. Anderson1, James T. Obayashi1, Dean Peterson1, Louis P. Riccelli2, Jeffrey A. Kaye3, Joseph F. Quinn3, and William D. Rooney4
1Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States, 2Neuroradiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States, 3Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States, 4Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States

 
The intravascular water volume fraction (pb) of periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities (WMH) was quantified in 15 elderly subjects (70 plus-or-minus sign 6 yrs). Full volume 1H2O R1 maps were prepared at 7T before and at four times after gadoteridol administration. Pb maps were obtained by voxelwise fitting of tissue and blood R1 values to an equation for two-site (transendothelial) water exchange. WMHs were identified by semi-automatic segmentation of FLAIR images. Significantly increased pb in periventricular (2.6 plus-or-minus sign 0.6%) compared to deep (2.1 plus-or-minus sign 0.5%) lesions was observed, suggesting that the etiology of periventricular and deep WMHs may be different.

 
0995.   Age-Dependent Changes in White-Matter and Gray Matter Brain T1rho Values
Richard Watts1, Trevor Andrews1,2, Scott Hipko1, Jay Gonyea1, and Christopher G. Filippi1,3
1Department of Radiology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States, 2Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH, United States, 3Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States

 
T1lower case Greek rho is sensitive to the macromolecular content of biological tissue. Quantitative whole-brain T1lower case Greek rho maps were obtained from 41 control subjects aged 18-76 using a fluid attenuated 3D turbo spin echo technique. T1lower case Greek rhofrom cortical grey matter showed a negative correlation with age (r=-0.599, p<0.001) major white matter tracts showed a positive correlation (r=0.527, p<0.001), and juxtacortical white matter showed no significant correlation (r=0.035, p=0.830). This study presents the first systematic study of T1lower case Greek rho in normal aging, and provides normative data for future studies of disease pathology.

 
0996.   Imaging for White Matter Alterations After an Exercise Intervention: A DTI Study in MCI and Normal Controls
Wang Zhan1, Kristy A. Nielson2,3, Piero Antuono3, Jeri-Anne Lyons4, and J. Carson Smith3,5
1Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States, 2Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 3Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States, 5Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States

 
Physical exercise has been shown to improve cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, however, it is unknown if exercise training alters the cerebral white matter (WM) structure associated with the functional activations during memory retrieval. A longitudinal DTI study was performed to compare the fractional anisotropy (FA) alterations introduced by walk exercise interventions in 12 weeks for both MCI patients (N=15) and matched normal controls (N=17). Unexpectedly, our data indicate that both groups exhibited FA reductions in WM after the exercise intervention, and that the MCI patients show greater extent and greater spread of FA reductions compared to the controls.

 
0997.   Automatic Detection and Quantification of Progressive Brain Atrophy in Dementia
Audrunas Gruslys1, Julio Acosta-Cabronero2, Peter J. Nestor3, Guy B. Williams4, and Richard E. Ansorge1
1Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom, 2Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom, 3German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany, 4Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom

 
Our goal was to develop a fully-automated algorithm capable of detecting and quantifying the progression of brain atrophy in single dementia patients using sequential clinical scans. We used our non-linear image registration program “Ezys” to measure longitudinal local volume changes between each two scans of the same subject and used regression to estimate yearly volume atrophy at each voxel. We tested our method on 19 subjects: controls (6), Alzheimer's disease (6) and semantic dementia (7). The results were consistent with prior knowledge about each disease progression. Each condition could be visually identified by looking to detected atrophy maps only.

 
0998.   ex-vivo MR Volumetry of Human Brain Hemispheres.
Aikaterini Kotrotsou1, David A. Bennett2, Julie A. Schneider2, Tom Golak1, and Konstantinos Arfanakis1,2
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States, 2Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States

 
The aims of this work were to: 1) longitudinally assess the volume of various gray matter regions measured with ex-vivo MRI, and 2) investigate the relationship between volumetric measurements performed in-vivo and ex-vivo on the same subjects. No significant change was detected in the volume of gray matter structures over time postmortem. A statistically significant linear relationship was detected between the volumes of brain regions measured ex-vivo and in-vivo on the same subjects. Combination of ex-vivo MR volumetry and histopathology may become an effective tool for the assessment of the neuropathologic correlates of macrostructural brain abnormalities observed in-vivo.

 
0999.   R2* in the Normal Ageing Brain and Its Relation to Serum Iron
Lukas Pirpamer1, Christian Langkammer1, Stephan Seiler1, Christian Enzinger1, Franz Fazekas1, Reinhold Schmidt1, and Stefan Ropele1
1Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria

 
R2* has been recently validated as a measure for brain iron. This study investigated the relationship between serum levels of iron and R2* in white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and deep gray matter structures. R2* mapping was done in 275 normal ageing subjects. R2* in deep gray matter was not related to serum level of iron or WMH severity. However, subjects suffering from hypertension and a high WMH score showed a significant correlation between lesional R2* and iron concentration in the serum thus underlining the role of microangiopathy in the development of WMH.

 
1000.   Alzheimer's Disease Prediction Based on Machine Learning Methods Applied to Multimodal MR Features
Giovanni Giulietti1, Michael Dayan1, Laura Serra1, Elisa Tuzzi1, Barbara Spano'1, Mara Cercignani2, Carlo Caltagirone3,4, and Marco Bozzali1
1Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy, 2Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom, 3Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy, 4Departement of Neuroscience, "Tor Vergata" University, Rome, Italy

 
In the current study, we investigated the classification between healthy subjects and patients with Alzheimer’s disease, using structural (T1) and diffusion (DWI) MR data as input to Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. SVM based on T1 features had higher discrimination capability relative to SVM based on DWI, but the best classification performance (92.6% of accuracy) was obtained combining them. We achieved satisfactory result despite the utilization of a small number of features, considering that it is not uncommon to use hundreds features to improve the classification performance. This evidence make our approach suitable to be adopted into clinical practice.

 
1001.   Impact of Image Acquisition on Voxel-Based Morphometry for Investigating Age-Related Structural Brain Changes
Daniel-Paolo Streitbürger1, Karsten Mueller1, André Pampel1, Jöran Lepsien1, Matthias L. Schroeter1,2, and Harald E. Möller1
1Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Unit, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany, 2Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany

 
Recent research indicates an influence from image acquisition on the results of voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Six T1-weighted datasets were acquired from 36 subjects using different head coils (12 and 32-channel), sequences (MP-RAGE and MP2RAGE) and isotropic resolutions (0.8 mm and 1.0 mm). Substantial modulations of VBM results, probably due to differences in SNR/CNR obtained with different imaging sequences, were obtained in acquisitions with the 12-channel coil, with which the MP-RAGE sequence yielded more wide-spread aging effects. MP2RAGE seemed less prone to false positive results from combining data acquired with different hardware.

 
1002.   A Study of Corpus Callosum Size and Shape in Early Alzheimer’s Disease
Babak A. Ardekani1
1Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, United States

 
Structural images from the OASIS brain MRI database were used to study the corpus callosum size, characterized by its mid-sagittal cross-sectional area (CCA), and shape, characterized by its circularity (CIR) in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The CCA and CIR were compared in 98 normal controls subjects, 70 patients with very mild AD, and 28 patients with mild AD. The CIR was significantly different between the two patients groups, while CCA differences were not statistically significant. The results suggest that CIR may be a more sensitive marker than CCA for monitoring the progression of AD.

 
1003.   Establishing MRI Phase, Abnormal MRI Phase, and Volume Behavior in the Subcortical Deep Gray Matter of Healthy Individuals
Jesper Hagemeier1, Michael G. Dwyer1, Niels P. Bergsland1, Ferdinand Schweser2, Christopher R. Magnano1, Mari Heininen-Brown1, Deepa P. Ramasamy1, Ellen Carl1, Cheryl Kennedy1, Mariya Cherneva1, Rebecca Melia1, Paul Polak1, Andreas Deistung3, Jürgen R. Reichenbach2, and Robert Zivadinov1
1Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States, 2Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology I, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany, 3Medical Physics Group, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany

 
Brain iron levels have been shown to increase with age, and to be higher in age-related neurodegenerative disorders. To fully understand the pathology of increased iron concentration in neurodegenerative disorders, it is important to take a step back and investigate aging in healthy individuals. In the present work, we show strong associations between deep gray matter mean phase measures acquired using susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), indicative of increased iron levels, and age in healthy individuals. This relationship is non-linear, with the highest overall iron concentrations observed in middle-age, after which levels rebound. Iron content of tissues with very high iron levels is linearly related to age. A strong association is also observed with brain atrophy.

 
1004.   Systemic Inflammation in Non-Demented Elderly Human Subjects Is Associated with Altered Diffusion Characteristics of Brain White Matter
Giorgia Grisot1, Debra A. Fleischman2, Anil K. Vasireddi1, Christopher M. Bart1, Lisa L. Barnes2, David A. Bennett2, and Kostantinos Arfanakis1,2
1Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States, 2Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States

 
The purpose of this work was to test the hypothesis that, high levels of systemic inflammation in a community sample of non-demented elderly individuals are associated with altered diffusion characteristics of brain white matter. C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were measured in serum from 97 non-demented elderly subjects (age = 85.3 ± 5.7 years). All subjects were imaged with diffusion tensor MRI. Significant negative correlations between FA and systemic inflammation, and significant positive correlations between trace and inflammation, were detected in several white matter structures, primarily driven by higher radial diffusivity for higher inflammation levels.

 
1005.   Alzheimer's Disease Risk Variant Within the CLU Gene Affects White Matter Microstructure and Function in Nondemented Subjects
Lihua Qiu1,2, Yong He3, Yi Zhou3, Hehan Tang1, Qiuju Huang1, Ling Zou1, Lanlan Wang3, and Qiyong Gong1
1Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 2Radiology, The second people's hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, China, 3Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

 
Alzheimer¡¯s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is highly heritable. In the present study, we investigate the FA change in nondemented subjects with AD risk gene of C allele in clusterin (CLU). We found nondemented healthy carriers of the CLU gene risk variant showed both increased and decreased FA in risk CC genotype group which may relate with some abnormal function and increase vulnerability to developing AD later in life.

 
1006.   Imaging of Glutamate Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease
Mohammad Haris1, Kavindra Nath2, Kejia Cai1, Anup Singh1, Rachelle Crescenzi1, Feliks Kogan1, Gaurav Verma2, Sanjana Reddy1, Hari Hariharan1, Elias R. Melhem3, and Ravinder Reddy1
1CMROI, Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 2Molecular Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 3Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

 
Glutamate (Glu) is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in brain and has been shown to decrease in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using glutamate amine exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) method, we imaged the change in [Glu] in APP-PS1 transgenic mouse model of AD at high spatial resolution. Compared to wild-type controls, AD mice exhibited notable reduction of GluCEST contrast (~30%). A positive correlation was observed between GluCEST contrast and 1HMRS measured Glu/total creatine ratio. This method potentially provides a novel noninvasive biomarker for diagnosing the disease in preclinical stages and enables the development of disease modifying therapies for AD.

 
1007.   Glutamate Changes in a Mouse Model of Tauopathy
Rachelle Crescenzi1,2, Catherine DeBrosse1,2, Amy Thomas2, Mohammed Haris2, Hari Hariharan2, Virginia M. Y. Lee3, Arijitt Borthakur2, and Ravinder Reddy2
1Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 2Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 3Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

 
Pathogenic tau protein aggregates in the synapses of neurons and disrupts neurotransmitter function. Glutamate is a wide-spread neurotransmitter, and has been shown by 1H MRS to decrease in the hippocampus of Alzheimer’s disease patients with tau pathology. In this study, we measured the concentration of glutamate by MRS and by chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) in healthy mice and transgenic mice with tau pathology. Mice with tau pathology have decreased concentrations of glutamate and n-acetyl-aspartate in their hippocampus. High resolution maps of glutamate concentration acquired with the novel GluCEST technique measured decreased glutamate across the entire brain of tauopathy mice.

 
1008.   The Pattern of Metabolic Heterogeneity in the Hippocampus by 3T Multi-Voxel Proton Spectroscopy in Alzheimer's Disease.
Bing Zhang1, Fei Chen2, Ming Li1, Xin Zhang1, Huiting Wang1, Yun Xu2, Bin Zhu1, and Weibo Chen3
1Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 2Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 3Philips Healthcare, Shanghai, Shanghai, China

 
The pattern of metabolic heterogeneity in the hippocampus by 3T multi-voxel proton spectroscopy in Alzheimer's disease.

 
1009.   Long-Term Environmental Enrichment Induces CA1 Enlargement in APPswe/PS1dE9 Transgenic Mice: A Deformation-Based Morphormetry Study
Dai Shan1, Shuxia Wang1, Yong Fan2, Fuchun Lin1, and Hao Lei1
1State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 2National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

 
The effect of enriched housing of Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice is still in dispute. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether enriched environment treatment will cause macrostructural changes in the brain of APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice. Deformation-based morphormetry (DBM) was used to analyze the anatomical magnetic resonance imaging data.

 
1010.   Altered Causal Connectivity of Resting State Brain Networks in Amnesic MCI
Peipeng Liang1, Zhihao Li2, Gopikrishna Deshpande3, Zhiqun Wang1, Xiaoping P. Hu2, and Kuncheng Li1
1Dept. of Radiology, Xuan wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 2Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States

 
The present study applied correlation-purged Granger causality analysis (CPGC) to investigate the effective connectivity of four basic networks in 16 aMCI patients and 16 matched healthy controls ¨C default mode network (DMN), hippocampal cortical memory network (HCMN), dorsal attention network (DAN) and fronto-parietal control network (FPCN). It was found that, as contrast to healthy controls, aMCI exhibited significantly reduced within-FPCN (anterior-posterior) and hippocampus centered causal connectivity, together with enhanced within-DMN and within right frontal cortex causal connectivity. The current study demonstrated the coexistence of causal disconnection and compensation in aMCI patients, and might provide insights into biological mechanism of the disease.

 
1011.   Multimodal Neuroimaging Reveals Gray and White Matter Associations with Language Deficits in Frontotemporal Degeneration
Philip A. Cook1, Brian B. Avants1, Corey T. McMillan2, John Powers2, Jonathan E. Peelle3, James C. Gee1, and Murray Grossman2
1Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 2Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 3Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States

 
Language deficits are widely reported in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We hypothesize that these deficits are due to disruption of a large-scale neural network involving both language and executive resources. We use multi-modal MRI and sparse statistical methods to evaluate whether imaging of white matter enhances prediction of language deficits when combined with imaging of cortex. We apply Eigenanatomy, a novel technique for data-driven parcellation of brain images, to find areas of the brain correlated with language performance. Both gray and white matter contribute to efficient models of verbal fluency and naming performance.

 
1012.   MRI of the Neurological Effects in a Rat Model of Hypertension
Adam Bernstein1, Sumana Veeravelli1, Alexander Alvarez1, Megan Fitzhugh1, Eriko Yoshimaru1, Michael Valdez1, John Totenhagen1, Kewei Chen2, James Moeller3, Paul Coleman4, Kenneth Mitchell5, Matt Huentelman6, Carol Barnes1, Gene Alexander1, and Theodore Trouard1
1University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States, 2Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States, 3Columbia University, New York, NY, United States, 4Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, United States, 5Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States, 6Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States

 
Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), high-resolution anatomical imaging and cognitive performance tests were carried out on a transgenic rat model of hypertension (HTN). After 6 weeks of HTN, significant differences between hypertensive and normotensive animals were seen in learning and memory function as well as in fractional anisotropy and patterns of gray matter volume.

 
1013.   A 12 Months Follow-Up of Morphological and Molecular Markers in Subjects with Reverted Mild Cognitive Impairment
Weiqi Liao1,2, Xiaojing Long1,2, Chunxiang Jiang1,2, Yanping Chen3, and Lijuan Zhang1,2
1Paul C Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China, 2Shenzhen Key Laboratory for MRI, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China, 3Industry Development Department, Shenzhen National High-tech Industrial Innovation Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China

 
This study tried to find objective evidences for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects reverted to normal cognitive status during the follow-up visits in ADNI cohort. Bilateral hippocampal volumes, atrophy rate of bilateral temporal lobe, concentration of T-tau and A¦Â1-42 in cerebrospinal fluid and MMSE scores were selected as biomarkers. The changes of all biomarkers except MMSE scores during the reversion in 12 month were statistically insignificant. Longer follow-up with greater sample size can better characterize the dynamic of MCI reversion, which can provide vital information for possible treatment and disease management.

 

TRADITIONAL POSTER SESSION • NEURO A
Tuesday, 23 April 2013 (10:00-12:00) Exhibition Hall
Movement Disorders & Degeneration

1014.   Impact of Cerebellar Atrophy on Cortical Grey Matter and Cerebellar Peduncles as Assessed by Voxel Based Morphometry and Diffusion Imaging
Michael Dayan1, Giusy Olivito2,3, Marco Molinari2, Marco Bozzali1, and Maria Leggio2,3
1Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Lazio, Italy, 2Ataxia Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Lazio, Italy, 3Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy

 
The cerebellum has major afferent and efferent fibers through the medial (MCP) and superior cerebellar peduncles (SCP) respectively. We examined the impact of cerebellar grey matter (GM) atrophy on both the cortical GM and the MCP and SCP. This was done with both conventional and diffusion MRI (dMRI) by comparing patients with cerebellar atrophy (ATR) and normal controls (NC). We found bilateral atrophy of the caudate nucleus, cingulate gyrus and orbitofrontal cortex, all known to be implicated with the cerebellum. The VBM analysis of dMRI metrics showed voxels with significantly different values in NC in bilateral regions of the MCP and SCP. These voxels were also correlated with mean cerebellar GM density. Correlations between dMRI metrics and ataxia clinical scores demonstrated further the usefulness of dMRI for clinical investigation of cerebellar atrophy.

 
1015.   Shifting Characteristics of Upper Motor Neuron Revealed by Voxel-Based Morphometry in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Qiuli Zhang1, Cuiping Mao1, Ming Zhang1, Jingxia Dang2, and Jiaoting Jin2
1Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medcine College of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'An, ShaanXi, China, 2Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medcine College of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'An, ShaanXi, China

 
The underlying mechanisms of degeneration process in ALS are still unclear. This study use FSL-VBM in order to detect potential spread characteristics of upper motor neurons, through the topography of gray matter changes.

 
1016.   qMT Imaging to Assess Brain Tissue Modifications in Patients with Miotonic Dystrophy Type-1.
Giovanni Giulietti1, Barbara Spano'1, Valentina Battistoni1, Laura Serra1, Carlo Caltagirone2,3, Marco Bozzali1, and Mara Cercignani4
1Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy, 2Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy, 3Departement of Neuroscience, "Tor Vergata" University, Rome, Italy,4Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom

 
Magnetization-transfer imaging (MTI) has previously shown, in patients with Miotonic Dystrophy type-1 (MD1) and no (or minimal) white matter (WM) lesions, lower cortical MT-ratios (MTRs) and cortical atrophy. No significant MTR changes were observed in patients’ normal-appearing WM. Using “Quantitative-MTI’’(qMTI), a technique providing a more complete characterization of the MT phenomenon, we investigated here a similar group of MD1 patients. Our findings confirm previous MTI results and produce, by additional qMT parameters, a better characterization of the brain damage. Overall, we suggest that neocortical pathology, unrelated to WM lesion formation, occurs in MD1 patients’ brain tissue and is clinically relevant.

 
1017.   in vivo Quantification of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurotransmitters in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Sanjay Kalra1, Peter Seres1, and Changho Choi2
1University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 2University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States

 
Single voxel spectroscopy of glutamate and GABA was performed at 3T in the motor cortex in patients with ALS. Glutamate was decreased 13%. GABA was unchanged, however correlations with clinical indices were present for both glutamate and GABA.

 
1018.   Ultra High-Field (7T) Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) in People with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Nazem Atassi1, Christina Triantanfyllou2, Boris Keil2, Robert Lawson1, Lindsay Kaplan1, Christina Dheel1, Alyssa Murphy1, James Berry1, Nouha Salibi3, Ravi T. Seethamraju4, Bruce Rosen2, Merit Cudkowicz1, and Eva-Maria Ratai2
1Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 2Radiology, MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States, 3Siemens Healthcare, MR R&D, Siemens, Auburn, AL, United States, 4Siemens Healthcare, MR R&D, Siemens, Charlestown, MA, United States

 
High field (7T) MR spectroscopy, specifically ultra short TE STEAM with VAPOR water suppression was used to study brain metabolite concentrations in people with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). N-acetylaspartate/creatine was decreased in ALS in the motor cortex indicating neuronal injury or loss. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, glutamate was decreased in the ALS group without significant changes in glutamine. Interestingly, myo-Inositol/creatine was increased in the ALS group suggesting increased glial proliferation and inflammation in the motor cortex. Furthermore, the increase in myo-Inositol/creatine strongly correlated with pathological reflexes, a clinical marker of upper motor neuron degeneration.

 
1019.   Quantitative Magnetic Susceptibility Mapping in Prodromal Huntington's Disease Subjects
Issel Anne L. Lim1,2, Xu Li1,2, Jiri M.G. van Bergen3, Paul G. Unschuld4, Craig K. Jones1,2, Russell L. Margolis4,5, Christopher A. Ross4,5, and Peter C.M. van Zijl1,2
1Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 2F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 3Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 4Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 5Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States

 
Advanced stages of Huntington's Disease show increased brain iron concentration in the basal ganglia. However, neuropathology is not well characterized in prodromal subjects, who carry the huntingtin mutation but do not yet have sufficient signs or symptoms for clinical diagnosis. Qualitative Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) and Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) can correlate magnetic susceptibility with iron concentration in gray matter (GM) structures. Using QSM atlas-based coregistration for automated efficient delineation of deep GM regions, we demonstrated increased paramagnetic signal in prodromal subjects compared to controls, possibly indicating an increase in iron concentration prior to the onset of overt Huntington's Disease.

 
1020.   A Study on Small-World Brain Functional Networks Altered by Postherpetic Neuralgia
Yue Zhang1, Jing Liu2, Jing Wang1, Minyi Du3, Wenxue Fang3, Dongxin Wang3, Xiaoping P. Hu4, Xuexiang Jiang2, Jing Fang1, Xiaoying Wang2, and Jue Zhang1
1Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China, 2Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China, 3Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China,4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology / Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States

 
Understanding the effect of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) pain on brain activity is important for clinic strategies. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to relate PHN pain to small-world properties of brain functional networks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to construct brain functional networks during the resting state. Thirteen patients with PHN pain and thirteen age-matched controls were analyzed (7 males, 6 females for both groups). A tendency shift towards random networks for PHN in comparison with the healthy controls was found. Moreover, regional nodal efficiency was found to be profoundly affected for PHN.

 
1021.   Assessment of Disease Severity in Degenerative Brain Disorders Using Multiparametric MRI
Jonathan P. Dyke1, Dolan Sondhi2, Henning Voss1, Dikoma C. Shungu1, Xiangling Mao1, Kaleb Yohay3, Stefan Worgall3, Neil Hackett2, Charleen Hollmann2, Mary Yeotsas2, Annie Jeong2, Benjamin van de Graaf2, Ida Cao2, Stephen Kaminsky2, Linda Heier1, Kyle Rudser4, Mark Souweidane5, Michael Kaplitt5, Barry Kosofsky3, Ronald Crystal2, and Douglas Ballon1
1Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY, United States, 2Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY, United States, 3Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY, United States, 4Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 5Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY, United States

 
A quantitative noninvasive MR imaging– based disease severity score for late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis has been presented. The metric combines data from brain-water apparent diffusion coefficients, the volume percentage of CSF, and N-acetylaspartate-to-creatine metabolite ratios. The methods used used can be adapted to run on multiple scanner platforms in a straightforward manner.

 
1022.   Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Memory Impairment - Initial Findings -
Frank C.G. van Bussel1, Walter H. Backes1, Paul A.M. Hofman1, Harm J. van de Haar1, Martin P.J. van Boxtel2, Miranda T. Schram3, Coen D.A. Stehouwer3, Joachim E. Wildberger1, and Jacobus F.A. Jansen1
1Radiology, MUMC+, Maastricht, Netherlands, 2Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, MUMC+, Maastricht, Netherlands, 3Internal Medicine, MUMC+, Maastricht, Netherlands

 
Diabetes Mellitus Type II (T2DM) is associated with accelerated cognitive decline. A prominently affected cognitive domain is memory, for which the hippocampus plays an essential role. DTI might be a good candidate for identification of early biomarkers of memory decline in T2DM. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to use DTI to study microstructural properties of the hippocampus in T2DM patients with memory impairment, compared to healthy controls. This preliminary study showed that in the left hippocampus, a high MD was associated with poor memory performance, which suggests that injured hippocampal microstructure might underlie memory problems.

 
1023.   Feasibility of T1rho MR Imaging in Identification of the Epileptogenic Zone in Patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
X. Li1, V Lai1, Queenie Chan2, R.S.K. Chang3, Henry Ka Fung Mak1, and W. Mak3
1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, 2Philips Healthcare, Hong Kong, China, 3Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China

 
In this study, we aim to test the feasibility of T1rho imaging in lateralization of epileptogenic zone in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. 7 patients with unilateral MR-positive MTLE and 7 normal subjects were recruited. T1rho imaging, T2 relaxometry and high resolution structural imaging were performed for all subjects. Four substructures of MTL, including hippocampal head/body/tail, and amygdala, were extracted and analyzed. Asymmetric ratios of corresponding substructures from both sides were calculated. Preliminary results demonstrated that T1rho imaging is a more sensitive and effective marker in lateralization of epileptogenic zone.

 
1024.   Robust Myelin Quantitative Imaging Using Edge Preserving Spatial Priors
Xiaobo Shen1, Thanh D. Nguyen2, Susan A. Gauthier3, and Ashish Raj3
1Cornell university, Ithaca, New York, United States, 2Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States, 3Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States

 
A novel multi-voxel algorithm to produce better MWF map by introducing "edge-preserving" prior to impose spatial consistency and smoothness constraints.

 
1025.   Longitudinal Changes in Surface-Based Morphometry of U.S. Military Personnel Following Mild Blast-Related Traumatic Brain Injury: A Preliminary Study
Kihwan Han1, Christine L. Mac Donald1, and David L. Brody1
1Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States

 
A longitudinal, morphological study on U.S. military personnel following concussive blast-related TBI was performed to identify subtle structural changes of these patients over time. 27 active duty U.S. military personnel (18 controls and 9 concussive TBI patients) with blast exposures were analyzed. The initial scans were acquired within 1-90 days after the blast exposures, and the follow-up scans after 6-12 months from the initial scans. Greater longitudinal changes in cortical thickness, metric distortion and pial surface of the TBI patients relative to the controls were observed. Further studies with more subjects are required to validate these findings.

 
1026.   Temporal Changes of Cerebral Blood Perfusion and Diffusion Kurtosis Parameters in the Thalamus Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Teodora Stoica1, Jiachen Zhuo1, Steven Roys1, Chandler Sours1,2, Kathirkama Shanmuganathan3, and Rao P. Gullapalli1,2
1Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 2Program of Neuroscience, University Of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, 3Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States

 
The aim of this study is to investigate regional CBF changes (measured by pASL) at three time points up to six months following mild TBI, and their relationship to tissue microstructure changes measured by DKI and patient’s cognitive functioning. 18 mTBI patients and 34 control individuals were included. Significant temporal CBF changes in the thalamus were observed that corresponded with FA changes indicating that disrupted tissue microstructure may be responsible for the increased perfusion. The findings validate arterial spin labeling and diffusion kurtosis imaging as a viable diagnostic method and reliable marker for the therapeutic management of mTBI patients.

 
1027.   Neuromelanin-Sensitive Imaging Correlates with Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorders in Parkinson's Disease
Daniel García-Lorenzo1,2, Clarisse Longo Dos Santos3,4, Cecile Gallea1,2, Claire Ewenczyk2,5, Habib Benali6, Cyril Poupon3,4, Smaranda Leu-Semenescu2,7, Isabelle Arnulf2,7, Marie Vidailhet2,5, and Stéphane Lehéricy1,2
1CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière - ICM, Paris, France, 2Université Pierre Marie Curie, UMR-S975; Inserm U975; CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France, 3NeuroSpin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 4IFR49, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 5Fédération de Neurologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France, 6Université Pierre Marie Curie, Inserm U678, Paris, France, 7Service des pathologies du sommeil, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

 
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorders (RBD) are early symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The locus coeruleus/subcoeruleus complex plays a major role in controlling atonia during REM sleep. Using neuromelanin-sensitive images, we studied the relation of the locus coeruleus/subcoeruleus complex and RBD in a cohort of 41 PD patients. The intensity of locus coeruleus/subcoeruleus complex was automatically measured. We found significant difference in intensity between RBD and non-RBD patients. We also found a correlation between the intensity and the percentage of atonia during REM sleep. Our technique may be used as a biomarker for the evolution of PD.

 
1028.   Brain Grey Matter Changes in Young Patients with Mild Type of Essential Arms Tremor: A Voxel-Based Morphometry MRI Study
Hongmei Cao1, Rong Wang2, Xue Luo2,3, Zhe Zhang2, Xianjun Li2, Ed X Wu4, Qiumin Qu1, and Jian Yang2
1Neurology department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College,Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 2Radiology department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College,Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology,Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi, China, 4Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

 
Essential tremor (ET) is common neurological movement disorders and may be related to cerebella dysregulation. The variation of grey matter (GM) in ET patients has remained uncertain from previous MRI studies, especially in mild type of essential arms tremor (a-ET). In this MRI study, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) method was used to detect the morphological changes of GM in 8 young patients with mild a-ET with respect to 8 healthy subjects. The mild a-ET patients exhibited the decrease of GM density in bilateral parietal lobe and the increase in GM density in bilateral cerebellum, occipital lobe and temporal occipital fusiform cortex. These findings may be associated with the network changes of cerebelo-thalamo-cortical loop in mild a-ET. The atrophy of GM in bilateral parietal lobe might represent the diminished capacity of spatial erientation and proprioceptive sensibility in a-ET patients. Moreover, mild a-ET shows a relative expansion of GM areas involved in higher order visuospatial processing, which might represent the adaptive reorganizational compensating through the increased demand on the visuospatial control of skilled movements in the early stage of a-ET. These morphological changes may help to assess early stage and distinguish subtype of ET.

 
1029.   Transverse Relaxation Mapping of Nigrostriatal Damage in Early Stage Parkinson’s Disease
Jian-Li Wang1, Xiaoyu Sun1, Zachary Mosher1, Jonathan Chu1, Megha Patel1, Sarah Ryan1, Jeffrey Vesek1, Qing X. Yang1,2, Sangam Kanekar1, and Thyagaragian Subramanian3
1Radiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States, 2Neurosurgery, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States, 3Neurology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States

 
Parkinson’s disease is always asymmetric in onset and this asymmetry can last for a few years before the motor symptoms appear on the other side of body. The underlying mechanism for this asymmetry is not clear. In this study, we used quantitative evaluation of transverse relaxation parameters to detect this asymmetry. Our results support our hypotheses that in the early stage of PD the pathological developments are different in the hemispheres corresponding to the clinically affected side and the clinically unaffected side, and this difference can be detected by transverse relaxation parametric mapping.

 
1030.   Dysfunction of the Default Mode Network in Early Parkinson’S Disease: A Resting State fMRI Study
Massimo Filippi1, Federica Agosta1, Francesca Caso1, Alberto Inuggi1, Aleksandra Tomic2, Iva Stankovic2, Elisa Canu1, Igor Petrovic2, and Vladimir S. Kostic2
1Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, MI, Italy, 2Clinic of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Yugoslavia

 
We investigated the integrity of resting-state Default Mode Network (DMN) connectivity in patients with early Parkinson’s disease (PD) and no cognitive impairment. We observed in PD patients an increased connectivity within the DMN structures including the superior and middle temporal gyri, hippocampi, parahippocampal cortex, precuneus, posterior, middle and anterior cingulate cortices compared to healthy controls bilaterally. This pattern could represent a compensatory mechanism or it could be due to a reduced thalamic outflow to the prefrontal cortex with the impairment of input/output information flows from and to this area and other DMN cortices

 
1031.   GM and WM Changes Correlation with Duration in MSA-P: Comparison with DTI Changes
Bo Hou1, Han Wang2, Hui You1, Bo Jiang1, and Feng Feng1
1Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China, 2Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China

 
For a MSA-P group and a control group, VBM, VBM regression with disease duration, and voxel-based analysis of DTI were performed, to compare the differences between the three methods in revealing the brain changes of the MSA patients.Finally,the results showed that DTI is more sensitive to brain changes in MSA-P, and could reveal larger area of abnormality. Also, DTI changes matched well with GM and WM lost revealed by VBM and VBM regression with duration,which meant that DTI could predict early brain changes in MSA-P.

 
1032.   Disrupted White Matter Integrity in Depressed Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Study
Peiyu Huang1, Quanquan Gu1, Min Xuan1, Yong Zhang2, and Minming Zhang1
1Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 2Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Shanghai, Shanghai, China

 
Parkinson¡¯s disease (PD) is frequently accompanied by depression, with a prevalence much higher than that in other chronic diseases. As yet, the neural basis for depression in PD still remains unclear. In the present study£¬we investigated the integrity of brain fibers in depressed PD patients and found widespread degenerations. Besides, our results have a similar pattern as those in previous studies on general major depressive disorder patients. These damages might share some common mechanism with the overall fiber deficits in PD patients and explain the tight connection between PD and depression.

 
1033.   Iron Deposition Influences Measurement of Water Diffusion Tensor in the Human Brain: A Combined Analysis of Diffusion and Iron-Induced Phase Changes.
Xiaojun Xu1, Qidong Wang2, and Minming Zhang1
1No.2 Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 2No.1 Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

 
We found that increased iron deposition would cause a decrease in the estimated diffusivity and an increase in the estimated anisotropy. This finding indicates that iron deposition influences significantly the measurement of water diffusion tensor in the human brain. Caution is needed in use of DTI metrics for diagnosis of various neurological diseases involving abnormal iron or other paramagnetic substances deposition, particularly at higher fields.

 

TRADITIONAL POSTER SESSION • NEURO A
Tuesday, 23 April 2013 (10:00-12:00) Exhibition Hall
Animal Models Other Than Stroke

1034.   Brain Ventricular Enlargement in the SAPAP3 Knockout Mouse Model of OCD
Dionyssios Mintzopoulos1, Timothy E. Gillis1, Holly R. Robertson2, Guoping Feng2, Scott L. Rauch1, and Marc J. Kaufman1
1McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States, 2Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Cambridge, MA, United States

 
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) lifetime prevalence is ~2% yet OCD etiology is poorly understood. The SAPAP3 knockout mouse was developed as a model of OCD. Knockout mice have striatal abnormalities and exhibit compulsive grooming behavior leading to skin lesions. We used 9.4T MRI to quantify ventricular and total brain volumes (TBV) in knockout mice. TBV was normal but ventricular volumes averaged >50% larger in knockout mice, and in most cases enlargement preceded lesion development, suggesting that brain changes occur before the behavioral phenotype becomes severe. Thus, the SAPAP3 knockout model may help elucidate neurodevelopmental phenomena leading to compulsive behaviors.

 
1035.   Laminar Specific Detection of Amyloid Precursor Protein -Induced Neurodegeneration and Recovery Using MEMRI in an Olfactory Based Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model.
Galit Saar1, Ning Cheng2, Leonardo Belluscio2, and Alan P. Koretsky1
1LFMI/NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States, 2DNPU/NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States

 
MEMRI was used to detect specific laminar changes in olfactory bulb (OB) to follow the progression of APP-induced neuronal pathology and its recovery in a reversible olfactory-based AD mouse model. OB volume and manganese enhancement of the glumerular layer in OB were decreased dramatically in mutant mice. Turning off APP overexpression with doxycycline, resulted in an increase in manganese enhancement of the glomerular layer after only 1 week, with farther recovery after 3 weeks. Moreover, APP antibody treatment showed an increase enhancement in the treated OB and demonstrate the potential of MRI in this mouse model to assess neuroprotective strategies.

 
1036.   A Longitudinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study of White Matter Changes in a Transgenic Huntington’s Disease Monkey Model
Jie Jiang1,2, Tayeb Ahmad Rahim1, Chunxia Li1,3, Yumei Yan1,3, Xiaodong Zhang1,3, Hui Mao4,5, and Anthony W.S Chan1,2
1Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Disease, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, 2Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States, 3Yerkes Imaging Center,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, 4Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States, 5Center for Systems Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States

 
Huntington Disease (HD) is devastating neurodegenerative disorder that, to date remains incurable. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) studies have demonstrated decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in both presymptomatic and early stage HD individuals. Our group has developed the HD transgenic group consisted of 4 males generated through a lentiviral-mediated protocol, using four age-matched wild-type monkeys as control. We report here the first longitudinal DTI measurement in HD monkeys and the potential clinical application of DTI for monitoring HD progression. The purpose of the current study is to examine longitudinal changes of brian white matter using DTI in the transgenic HD monkeys.

 
1037.   Characterization of Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease by Fully Automated Analysis of Brain MRI
Kai H. Barck1, Kimberly Malesky1, Vineela Gandham1, Maj Hedehus1, Sara Dominguez2, William J. Meilandt2, Claire E. Le Pichon2, Oded Foreman3, Kimberly Scearce-Levie2, and Richard A. D. Carano1
1Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States, 2Neurobiology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States, 3Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States

 
We have developed and validated a fully automated method of evaluating local differences in the brain structure by diffeomorphic coregistration of in-vivo mouse brain MRI data, and applied it to characterize brain morphology and T2 properties in transgenic mouse models of human Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Four genotype groups of mice were imaged: PS2/APP transgenic, tauP301L transgenic, PS2/APP/TauP301L transgenic, and wild type. The analysis identified significant regional volume differences in these mouse models that are consistent with known pathologies of AD. The presented method provides a valuable tool for preclinical research and drug development of neurodegenerative diseases.

 
1038.   In Vivo Characterization of Microstructural Changes During Epileptogenesis by High Resolution Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Rat Hippocampal Subfields
Alejandra Sierra1, Tuukka Miettinen1, Teemu Laitinen1, Asla Pitkänen1,2, and Olli Gröhn3
1Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland, 2Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland,3Department of Neurobiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland

 
In the present study, we tested a hypothesis that in vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can detect and follow progression of microstructural changes in several hippocampal subfields in animal models of epilepsy. Rats were scanned using high resolution DTI before, and 10, 20, 34 and 79 days after status epilepticus induced by kainic acid or pilocarpine. We found robust and progressive changes in fractional anisotropy and in principal diffusion direction in the dentate gyrus and CA3bc. The value of these changes as potential predictive biomarkers for epilepsy has to be tested in the future.

 
1039.   Diffusion MRI Derived Immunohistochemistry Equivalent "Stains" of White Matter Pathology
Tsang-Wei Tu1, Yong Wang2, Chia-Wen Chiang3, Ying-Jr Chen4, Tsen-Hsuen Lin5, Anne H. Cross6, and Sheng-Kwei Song2
1Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 2Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 3Department of Chemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 4Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 5Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 6Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States

 
In the classical diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) paper, Basser and Pierpaoli proposed the use DTI derived parameters to generate physiological and pathological “stains”. Early studies applying DTI on various animal models indeed suggested that DTI derived directional diffusivity correctly reflect white matter (WM) pathologies in vivo. However, there has not been an established MRI derived immunohistochemistry (IHC) equivalent “stains” since the publication of the paper. In the present study, we demonstrate that the recently developed novel diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) is capable of generating diffusion metrics to derive the long-sought diffusion MRI equivalent of IHC “stains” for WM pathology. Our results applying DBSI to the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice followed by IHC suggest that DBSI derived IHC equivalent “stains” are good markers of WM integrity.

 
1040.   Dynamic MRI in the Rat Brain at 3.0 T for Measuring Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Hunter R. Underhill1 and Robert C. Rostomily1
1Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States

 
We present a method for quantitatively measuring the voxel-based blood-brain barrier permeability associated with glioblastoma multiforme in the in vivo rat brain at 3.0 T using a continuous infusion of gadolinium. The technique is based on a simplification of the Brix method and yields ktrans-maps after accounting for pixel-based variations in R1 and B1.

 
1041.   Using Volumetric Measures of Neuroanatomy to Cluster Multiple Mouse Models of Autism.
Jacob Ellegood1, R Mark Henkelman1,2, and Jason P. Lerch1,2
1Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

 
This work takes an expansive approach in order to identify the similarities and differences in neuroanatomy across the autistic spectrum. To this end, we examined 20+ mouse models of ASD candidate genes using high resolution structural MRI.

 
1042.   Longitudinal Correlation of T2 and Motor Neuron Loss in the SOD1G93A Mouse Mode of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Kimberly Malesky1, Joan Greve1, Han Lin2, Claire E. Le Pichon2, Kimberly Scearce-Levie2, and Richard A. D. Carano1
1Biomedical Imaging Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States, 2Neurobiology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States

 
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurological disease characterized by motor neuron loss eventually leading to paralysis and death. In this study, we define the relationship between T2 values and motor neuron density longitudinally in the SOD1G93A transgenic mouse line. We demonstrated that T2 values obtained for the facial nucleus, nucleus trigeminus and nucleus hypoglossus are significantly inversely correlated with motor neuron count in these nuclei. This longitudinal characterization will further validate T2 MRI as a valuable tool to characterize neuronal loss and facilitate the use of T2 MRI as a preclinical readout of potential therapies for neurodegenerative disease.

 
1043.   Pharmacological MRI and Tensor-Based Morphometry in the 6-OHDA Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Robert Westphal1, Camilla Simmons1, Michel B. Mesquita1, Tobias C. Wood1, William R. Crum1, Denise Duricki1, Anthony Vernon2, Steve C.R. Williams1, and Diana Cash1
1Neuroimaging, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom, 2Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom

 
Animal models such as 6-OHDA lesioning in rats are crucial for our understanding of Parkinson’s disease and serve as an ideal test-bed for therapeutic interventions. In an attempt to further characterize the 6-OHDA rat, we employed pharmacological MRI and structural MRI, revealing new features such as thalamic & cortical functional impairments and structural changes in the brain stem and the frontal cortex. These results give new insights into the mechanisms of pathology in this model, which may broaden its application for novel therapeutic treatments.

 
1044.   MR Imaging and Spectroscopy for Evaluation of Brain Tumor Metabolic Profiles in Primary Glioblastoma Multiforme Xenografts
Yanping Sun1, Matthew C. Dunn1, Saadallah Ramadan2, Kristen L. Jones1, Adam Green3, Keith Ligon4, and Andrew L. Kung1,5
1Lurie Family Imaging Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 2School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia, 3Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 4Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 5Pediatric Hematology/ Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States

 
There is an unmet need for improved therapies for brain tumors. Drug development for brain tumors requires a clinically faithful animal model. We developed an orthotopic primary xenograft tumor model and used bioluminescence imaging to monitor tumor growth and MRI/ MRS to evaluate the tumor metabolic profile. Tumors had significantly higher T1, T2 and diffusion values. MRS showed significant reduction of NAA and GABA, and significant elevation of Cho, Myo, and Glx in tumor compared to normal brain. These features recapitulate the findings in human patients with glioblastoma multiforme, demonstrating the clinical relevance of primary xenografts for modelling human disease.

 
1045.   MRI Correlates of Dendrite Abnormalities in the MeCP2-A140V Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome
Gregory H. Turner1, Qingwei Liu1, Shannon L. Olfers2, Garilyn M. Jentarra3, Sampathkumar Rangasamy2, and Vinodh Narayanan2
1Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States, 2Developmental Neurogenetics Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States, 3Biochemistry, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States

 
Mutations of the gene MeCP2 have been shown to cause Rett syndrome and are associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and X-linked mental retardation. These mutations result in altered dendrite pathology and abnormal fine dendrite structure. DTI was used to measure alterations in FA in cortical gray matter in WT and MeCP2-A140V mutant mice and to evaluate its potential as a non-invasive biomarker of dendritic branching complexity.

 
1046.   High Resolution Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Assess Brain Microstructural Abnormalities in a Neuroligin-3 Knockin Mouse Model Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Manoj Kumar1, Jeffrey T. Duda1, Ranjit Ittyerah1, Adler Daniel1, Stephen B. Pickup1, Edward S. Brodkin2, Ted Abel3, James C. Gee1, and Harish Poptani1
1Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 2Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 3Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

 
Ex-vivo high resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and behavioral tests were performed at 3 different time points on NL-3 (n=41) and wild-type littermates (n=42) to assess microstructural brain abnormalities in NL-3 mice. DTI data was processed and brain was segmented in to 40 different gray and white matter regions including ventricles. Along with DTI indices, volumetric measurement was performed in different segmented regions of the brain. We did not observe any significant differences in DTI indices in segmented gray or white matter regions in NL-3 compared to wild type mice. However, we observed significantly reduced volume in 16 different gray and white matter regions out of 40 segmented brain regions in NL-3 compared to wild type mice. The volume changes in different white matter regions suggests that changes in volume in these regions are not due to abnormal myelination or breakdown of the white matter microstructure but may be because of immature or smaller number of axons in these regions due to abnormal neurodevelopment in this mouse model.

 
1047.   Metabolic Profiling of RG2, F98 and C6 Glioma Models Using 1H-MRS and Ex-Vivo 1H HRMAS MRS
Nicolas Coquery1,2, Vasile Stupar2,3, Régine Farion2,3, Séverine Maunoir-Regimbal4, Emmanuel Luc Barbier2,5, Chantal Rémy1,2, and Florence Fauvelle4
1U836, INSERM, Grenoble, France, 2Université Joseph Fourier, grenoble, France, 3Grenoble MRI Facility IRMaGe, Grenoble, France, 4IRBA-CRSSA, La Tronche, France, 5INSERM U836, Grenoble, France

 
Magnetic Resonance-based spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful method to investigate the metabolic consequences of cancer disease. In vivo MRS provides information regarding tumor growth and response to treatment. These information can be refined with ex vivo High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (HRMAS) MRS. With these two approaches a huge amount of information can thus be gathered that might render the analysis difficult in clinic. We propose here to use statistical tools such as PLS-DA to discriminate tumoral tissue from normal tissue. PLS-DA analysis is also able to show a clear separation between three glioma models in rat and to highlight the metabolites that contribute to this separation despite inter-individual variability.

 
1048.   Temporal Changes in Lower-Lumber Spinal Cord in EAE Mouse
Yuki Mori1, Masaaki Murakami2, Yasunobu Arima2, Dasong Zhu1, and Yoshichika Yoshioka1
1Biofunctional Imaging, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan, 2Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan

 
This study explored the temporal and spatial profiles monitored by T2WI and DWI at the lumber code of EAE mice.

 
1049.   First Demonstration That Brain Training Alters Macro- And Micro-Structure in a Mouse Model of Huntington’s Disease
Jessica Steventon1,2, David Harrison2, Rebecca Trueman2,3, Simon Brooks2, Anne Rosser2, and Derek K. Jones1
1CUBRIC, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom, 2School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom, 3School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

 
Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by brain atrophy and motor deficits. We carried out intensive ‘brain training’ with HD mice and control mice aiming to replicate previously found functional benefits of cognitive training. Uniquely, we applied in vivo MRI (diffusion MRI and T2 RARE) to assess whether training induced structural changes. This is the first study to both apply in vivo diffusion MRI and tractography based on HARDI algorithms in a mouse model of HD, and demonstrate that tract-specific measurements provide sensitivity to detect microstructural changes as an effect of training, alongside macrostructural changes and functional gain.

 
1050.   Diffusion Tensor Tractography Identifies Demyelination and Remyelination in the Spinal Cord of a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Nabeela Nathoo1, Dayae Jeong2, Tad Foniok3, Michael B. Keough4, V. Wee Yong4, and Jeffrey F. Dunn1,5
1Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 2Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States, 3National Research Council Canada, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 4Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 5Experimental Imaging Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

 
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) visualize white matter tracts and use scalar values to inform on tissue integrity. Using a demyelinating animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), the lysolecithin model, we observed that DTT enabled visual differentiation between demyelination and remyelination in a lesion in the spinal cord. Scalar values (FA, ADC, AD, RD, MD) were all found to be significantly different from a control area at the time of demyelination (p<0.01 for all), but not during remyelination. For the first time, we show that DTT can be used to assess demyelination/remyelination in the lysolecithin model.

 
1051.   Amyloid Beta Causes Different Types of White Matter Damage Characterized by DTI
Hsiao-Fang Liang1, Jennifer Mei2, Dan Xu1, Wei-Xing Shi1, and Shu-Wei Sun1,2
1Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States, 2University of California, Loma Linda, CA, United States

 
Intracerebroventricular injection of Amyloid Beta (Aβ) induced white matter damage in external capsule and optic tracts in mice. The damage was associated with an increased axial diffusivity in the external capsule and a decreased axial diffusivity in optic tract as detected by Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). Our data suggested that axial diffusivity may serve as a marker for white matter damage in Alzheimer’s disease, capable of differentiating underlying pathological mechanisms.

 
1052.   Amyloid Plaque Detection in Two Alzheimer's Disease Mice Models Using Magnetization Transfer Contrast Imaging.
Christian Bigot1, Greetje Vanhoutte1, Marleen Verhoye1, Christine Van Broeckhoven1, and Annemie Van Der Linden1
1biomedical science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

 
The detection of amyloid plaques is clinically relevant for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we used magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) imaging in APP/PS1 and BRI mice, two AD mice models developing amyloid plaques in the entire forebrain. The two models differ however in their amyloid plaque composition. APP/PS1 mice develop large compact amyloid plaques, while more diffuse and small compact plaques are present in the brain of BRI mice. An MT effect was detected in APP/PS1 but not in BRI mice, suggesting that large compact amyloid plaques elicit a larger MT-effect.

 
1053.   Increased Hippocampal Glutamate After Sleep Deprivation in the Pre-Pubescent BALB/cJ Mice: An in-vivo 1H MRS Study
Manoj Kumar1, Gaurav Verma1, Ranjit Ittyerah1, Stephen B. Pickup1, Edward S. Brodkin2, Ted Abel3, and Harish Poptani1
1Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 2Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 3Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

 
In-vivo spectroscopy was performed after 3 hours of sleep deprivation in the less social BALB/cJ and more social C57BL/6J mice. Significantly increased glutamate was noted in sleep deprived BALB/cJ as compared to control non-sleep deprived animals. The more social C57BL/6J mice did not exhibit this behavior. An abnormal increase in electrical activity resulting from excessive glutamate signaling causes prolonged alterations in behavior, as commonly seen in autism. Abnormalities in glutamatergic neurotransmitter system may partially underpin the pathophysiology of autistic spectrum disorders and hence glutamate and its regulatory molecules are considered as potential targets for these disorders.Non-invasive MRS methods may be useful in assessing these metabolic alterations.

 
1054.   Longitudinal MR Based Study of Ipsilateral and Contralateral Hippocampus Volume and Cognitive Assesment in Traumatic Brain Injury Rats
Bhanu Prakash KN1, Sanjay K. Verma1, Sankar Seramani1, Enci Mary Kan2, Graham S.3, C. Childs4, Jia Lu2, and Sendhil S. Velan1
1Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore, Singapore, 2Combat Protection and Performance Lab, Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore, 3Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 4Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

 
Longitudinal MR based ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus volume quantification and cognitive assessment was performed in traumatic brain injury rats. Fluid percussion induced sham, mild and severe brain injury rat models were studied. ITK – Snap was used for segmentation of hippocampus volume. Rotarod performance test was carried out for cognitive assessment. Amyloid precursor protein and Fluro-jade staining were done to check the protein deposition and degeneration of neurons. Study demonstrated good correlation of results obtained by MR image based analysis of hippocampal volume, histopathology and cognitive assessment. Also, rate of change and total volume of hippocampus due to neuro-degeneration and the neurogenesis, depends on the type of injury.

 
1055.   1H MRS and Tandem Mass Spectrometric Metabolite Signatures Herald HIV-1 Induced Metabolic Abnormalities in the Brains of Humanized Mice
Michael Douglas Boska1, Adrian A. Epstein2, Prasanta K. Dash2, Nathan A. Smith2, Prabagaran Narayanasamy2, Harris A. Gelbard3, Larisa Y. Poluektova2, and Howard E. Gendelman2
1Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States, 2Pharmacology and Experimental Neurosciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States, 3Neurology/Center for Neural Development and Disease, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States

 
Immunodeficient mice engrafted with human stem cells develop a functional human immune system. After infection with human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) these mice develop an encephalopathy reflective of human disease. The brain metabolome was elucidated at four week intervals by volume localized 1H MRS or at study end by ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. NAA, creatine, choline brain levels were altered and changes were congruent for all methods. MRS-detected brain metabolites predicted brain pathologies in HIV-1 infected humanized mice. The studies are of translational value in predicting disease course or response to therapy in an infected human host.

 
1056.   Optimization and Trade-Offs of Multi-Spin Echo Myelin Water Imaging at 7T & 15.2T
Kathryn L. West1 and Mark D. Does1,2
1Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 2Vanderbilt.University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States

 
Using calculations of the Cramer-Rao Lower Bounds of variance, we determined the tradeoffs of B0 and added contrast agent in Myelin Water Imaging (MWI) of excised rat brain. While image SNR increases with B0 and SNR efficiency increases with [Gd], decreases in T2 make myelin water signals statistically more difficult to fit. Results show a net increase in MWI SNR at 15.2T compared to 7T, but no advantage in loading tissue with Gd.

 
1057.   Quantification of Diffusion Tensor Changes in a Rat Model of Primary Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
Evan Calabrese1, Cory Riccio2, G. Allan Johnson1, and Joseph B. Long2
1Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States, 2Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States

 
An estimated 15-20% of United States military personnel returning from Iraq and Afghanistan have suffered some form of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI). Unfortunately, bTBI produces a heterogeneous injury that is often not grossly visible on CT or MRI, which makes diagnosis and treatment difficult. A substantial need exists for a robust, quantifiable animal model of bTBI to study its effects and to help evaluate interventions. Currently, models of bTBI are assessed with histology, making quantification difficult. In this study, we report quantitative changes in DTI tissue microstructural metrics in a rat model of primary bTBI.

 
1058.   In Vivo Biometry in the Mouse Myopic Eye Using 11.7T MRI
Mathieu David Santin1, Antoine Joseph2,3, Stéphane Lehéricy1,4, Renata Kozyraki2,3, and Olivier Cases2,3
1Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche – CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière – ICM, Paris, France, 2Institut de la Vision, INSERM U968, UPMC UMR_S968, Paris, France, 3Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 503, CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, France, 4UMR-S975; Inserm, U975; CNRS, UMR 7225, CRICM, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France

 
This work shows the hability of Gadolinium-enhanced MRI to evaluate phenotypes of mouse model of myopia using high-resolution imaging in vivo.

 
1059.   The Effect of Increasing Concentrations of Intracranial Albumin on Fluid Flow Rates Within Adjacent White Matter Tracts in Rats
Carmen Kut1, Vadappuram Chacko2, Betty Tyler3, Arvind Pathak2, Zaver M. Bhujwalla4, Xingde Li1, Elliot R. McVeigh1, Daniel A. Herzka5, and Stuart A. Grossman6
1Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States, 2Radiology, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States, 3Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, 21205, United States, 4Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, 5Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, 6Oncology, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States

 
In most systemic cancers, tumor cells are passively disseminated via flow to lymph nodes. Although the brain does not contain lymphatics, glioma dissemination in the brain may be a function of extracellular fluid along white matter tracts (WMT). Malignant brain tumors are characterized by a disrupted blood-brain-barrier that results in albumin leaking from blood vessels, which osmotically pulls water into brain. Our animal study (n = 19) shows that high albumin concentrations are positively correlated with high flow rates and MRI results are promising and provides a non-invasive method to trace WMT flow rates in patients.

 
1060.   Longitudinal Evaluation of Brain Lesion in SIV Macaques with Magnetization Transfer Imaging
Chun-Xia Li1, Amelia Komery2, James G. Herndon2, Francis J. Novembre3, and Xiaodong Zhang1,2
1Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, 2Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, 3Divisions of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States

 
Magnetization transfer (MT) imaging has been demonstrated to be a robust approach to characterize brain injury in HIV patients. In the present study, MT ratio (MTR) was used to detect longitudinal changes in the monkey brains after Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. It is found that MTR decreased progressively in the cortical and subcortical regions during SIV infection, and the significant reduction in the cortical region was observed in the late study period in this pilot study. The results validate the MRI findings in HIV patients that MT imaging is a robust means to access the brain abnormities due to HIV infection.

 
1061.   MRI of Focal EAE Progression in a Rat Model Following VEGF-Induced Opening of the Blood Brain Barrier
Jasper Chen1,2, Melina Jones3, Miroslaw Janowski2,4, Jiadi Xu5, Michael Levy3, Jeff W.M. Bulte1,2, and Piotr Walczak1,2
1Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, 2Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Cell Imaging Section, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, 3Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, 4NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland, 5F. M. Kirby Research Center, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States

 
Rodent models of multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterized by brainstem and spinal cord lesions contrary to cerebral lesions in clinical MS. Disseminated lesions complicate evaluation of therapeutic strategies. We report a new model with reduced variability, temporal control of lesion initiation, and stereotaxic targeting of cerebral white matter. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection effectively opened the blood brain barrier (BBB), initiating lesion formation in rats immunized against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. BBB permeabilization, inflammation, and demyelination were monitored by MRI and verified histologically, demonstrating a focal lesion that resolved 2 weeks after initiation.

 
1062.   Altering the Inspired Oxygen Concentration Differentiates Vascular Lesions from Parenchymal Lesions: A Study Using Susceptibility Weighted Imaging in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Nabeela Nathoo1, Smriti Agrawal2, V. Wee Yong3, and Jeffrey F. Dunn1,4
1Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 2Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 3Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,4Experimental Imaging Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

 
Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) detects lesions in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). SWI lesions in EAE are due to deoxyhemoglobin (vascular) or iron deposition/demyelination (parenchymal). We hypothesized that changing the percent of inspired oxygen would differentiate vascular lesions from parenchymal lesions in vivo. Some lesions disappeared upon changing the inspired gas from 30% O2 to 100% O2; others became hyperintense. Parenchymal lesions remained with 100% O2. Altering the percent of inspired oxygen can differentiate lesions that are vascular in origin from those that are not, helping us better understand MS pathophysiology detected with SWI.

 
1063.   Diffusion MRI Study of Slowly Growing Human Glioma Models in Mice at 14.1T
Paola Porcari1,2, Monika E. Hegi3, Virginie Clément-Schatlo4, Marie-France Hamou3, Irene Vassallo3, Denis Marino4, Silvia Capuani5,6, Rolf Gruetter7,8, and Vladimír Mlynárik1
1Center for Biomedical Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, 3Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, 4Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 5Physics Department, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy, 6CNR-IPCF UOS Roma Sapienza, Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, 7Center for Biomedical Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, 8Departments of Radiology, Universities of Lausanne and Geneva, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland

 
Diffuse tumors growing from glioma cell xenografts in brain of immunodeficient mice are difficult to study by standard MRI techniques. We aimed to investigate feasibility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for early detection of these tumors. We also compared diffusion properties of tumors grown in two different glioma models. In contrast to T2-weighted images, the tumors were visible in diffusion-weighted images and diffusion maps. Two studied tumor models showed different diffusion parameters in DWI and DTI.

 
1064.   Enhanced Delivery and Imaging of Neurotherapeutics Via US, MRI, SPECT
Michael Valdez1, Eriko Yoshimaru1, Pier Ingram2, John Totenhagen1, Aaron Forbes3, Stephen K. Moore1, Paul Helquist4, Terry O. Matsunaga5, Russell Witte1, Lars R. Furenlid6, Zhonglin Liu2, Robert P. Erickson7, and Theodore Trouard1
1Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States, 2Radiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States, 3Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, North Carolina, United States, 4Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States, 5Radiology, University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona, United States, 6Radiology and Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States, 7Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States

 
Recent and novel techniques that use focused ultrasound (FUS) with microbubble agents have been developed that reversibly open up the BBB and have been demonstrated in animal models, including mice. BBB opening is verifiable with MRI using gadolinium contrast agents, but this does not provide information about delivery of the actual drug to the brain. Our studies address this by combining FUS-mediated BBB opening with high-resolution single-photon computed tomography of 123I-radiolabeled beta-cyclodextrin (BCD) in Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) model mice. When delivered to the brain, BCD is a promising treatment for NPCD, which is genetic, fatal, and affects children.

 
1065.   Changes in Connectivity Associated with Neuronal Migration Disorder as Assessed by Diffusion Tractography
Emi Takahashi1, Glenn D. Rosen2, Allison C.R. Scott3, Veronica J. Peschansky2, Natsuko Fujisaki2, Guangping Dai4, Patricia Ellen Grant5, and Albert M. Galaburda2
1Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 2Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States, 3Columbia University, New York, NY, United States, 4Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 5Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

 
The goal of this study is to use non-invasive diffusion weighted imaging and tractography to develop a quantifiable and verifiable biomarker of neuronal migration disorder. Our results suggest that the number and volume of identified tractography pathways were significant predictors of neuronal migration disorders in callosum and intra-hemispheric pathways. The length of tractogrpahy pathways was also a significant predictor of the disorders in the total and intra-hemispheric pathways. These experiments clearly support the notion that there are profound changes in the nature of connectivity associated with disruption of neuronal migration.

 
1066.   Imaging Optic Nerve and Spinal Cord Lesions in Myelin Antigen TCR Transgenic Mice with Contrast-Enhanced MRI
Jordan C. Bell1, Qingwei Liu2, Qiang Zhao3, Yong-Jun Wang4, Fu-Dong Shi1, and Gregory H. Turner2
1Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States, 2Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States, 3Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China,4Neurology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

 
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), an inflammatory demyelinating disease with poor prognosis, predominantly affects optic nerves and spinal cord. Differential diagnosis between NMO and multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly at the early stage of disease, constitutes a clinical dilemma due to the similarity between NMO and optic-spinal MS. TCR transgenic mice (2D2) have potential as a valuable model of NMO. Correlation of contrast-enhanced MRI with immunohistological staining revealed the extent of inflammatory infiltrates as well as demyelination that mirrored sites of MRI lesions. This characterization leads us to believe that the 2D2 TCR transgenic mouse would be a helpful model for NMO research

 
1067.   Erythropoietin (EPO) as Treatment of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Multi Modal MRI Study
Kurt Hermann Bockhorst1, Robert Garcia2, Samson Kujit Gaddam2, Claudia S. Robertson2, and Ponnada A. Narayana1
1DII, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States, 2Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States

 
mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) affects millions of people each year. A treatment is unknown. He we present a potential therapeutic agent, eryrhropoietin, which has been shown to be beneficial in other brain injuries as TBI or global ischemia. We used MRI, especially DTI, to quantify the effects of erythropoietin on mTBI.

 
1068.   Longitudinal Blast Injury Chracterization Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Rat Hippocampus
Sankar Seramani1, Sanjay K. Verma1, Kian Chye Ng2, Enci Mary Kan2, Bhanu Prakash K.N.1, Tan Mui Hong2, Jia Lu2, and Sendhil S. Velan1,3
1Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore, Singapore, 2Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore, 3Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore

 
Mechanisms underlying secondary cell death due to Traumatic brain injury (TBI) are poorly understood. Recent advances in magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allow us to observe highly resolved metabolic changes in the brain after the injury. MRS offers a unique window to identify the severity of the injury, outcome of the injury and secondary insult. Here in this work animal injury of the blast model is conducted and we are also seeing a similar trend which shows significant reduction in NAA/(total Choline ) concentration. Our histochemistry results are also confirming the damage of neural nucleus at 72 hrs after the injury.

 
1069.   in vivo Axonal Transport Deficits in a Mouse Model of Frontotemporal Dementia
Tabassum Majid1,2, Yousuf Ali3, Ming-Kuei Jang4, Hui-Chen Lu5,6, and Robia G. Pautler2,7
1Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States, 2Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States, 3Pediatrics-Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine Cain Foundation Laboratories, Houston, TX, United States, 4Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States, 5Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine Cain Foundation Laboratories, Houston, TX, United States, 6Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States, 7Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States

 
In vivo axonal transport deficits have been reported prior to plaque pathology in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease. However, there are limited in vivo measurements of axonal transport in models of other neurodegenerative diseases such as frontotemporal dementia (FTDP-17). In the r(tta)Tg4510 mouse model, the P301L tau mutation is conditionally expressed throughout the forebrain. In this study, we characterized 10 month old r(tta)Tg4510 mice and found significant deficits in axonal transport in olfactory neurons. This study provides a basis to characterize earlier time points in the r(tta)Tg4510 mouse model in order to investigate therapeutic interventions in this mouse model.

 
1070.   Magnetization Transfer Ratio Differences in the Adult Mouse Brain Due to Cranial Irradiation in Infancy
A. Elizabeth de Guzman1,2, Lisa M. Gazdzinski1, Jonathan Bishop1, and Brian J. Nieman1,2
1Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

 
The development of neurocognitive late effects due to therapeutic cranial irradiation in children has been linked to a reduction in white matter volume many years following treatment. This study used magnetization transfer imaging as a method to detect differences in white matter pathology of adult mice that were treated with cranial irradiation during infancy. Voxel based analysis was able to identify differences in both subparts and entire volumes of major white matter structures in the brain. Further application of this tool for the investigation of the cellular mechanisms behind neurocognitive late effects will quantify WM differences between different neuroprotected strains of mice.

 
1071.   Comparison of Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Magnetization Transfer Imaging in the Detection of Brain Trauma
Tsang-Wei Tu1, L. Christine Turtzo1, Jacob D. Lescher1, Dana D. Dean1, Tiziana T. Coppola1, Rashida A. Williams1, and Joseph A. Frank1
1Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States

 
DTI and MTI have been used to detect white matter (WM) abnormalities in TBI. Considering different mechanisms of signal detections, DTI and MTI may provide useful complementary information of WM integrity. In this study, DTI axial diffusivity (AD) and MTI magnetic transfer ratio (MTR) both showed significant changes in WM of a close head TBI. However, MTR demonstrated increased sensitivity when detecting the lesion. While AD has been suggested to reflect axonal integrity, it is proposed that MTR correlates with the temporary increase of membrane permeability, of both axon and myelin, and blood-brain barrier when reflecting WM injury in TBI.

 
1072.   Multi-Echo Susceptibility Weighted Imaging of Blast Induced Traumatic Brain Injury in Rodent Model
Sanjay K. Verma1, Sankar Seramani1, Bhanu Prakash KN1, Enci Mary Kan2, Kian Chye Ng2, Mui Hong Tan2, Jia Lu2, and Sendhil S. Velan1,3
1Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore, Singapore, 2Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore, 3Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore

 
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to blasts by improvised explosive devices is increasing, creating various neuropsychological dysfunctions in both animals and humans. We investigated the effect of open field blast injuries on rat brain using multi-echo susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Multi-echo SWI provided phase and R2* with better SNR and CNR, making it a sensitive technique to image blast induced TBI. In addition, the visibility of veins was enhanced with multi-echo SWI. In our study, the decrease in signal from veins after blast due to increase in deoxyhomoglobin was observed in acute injury phase, which subsided in the recovery phase. Multi-echo SWI helps to detect and classify the types and patterns of blast induced TBI.

 
1073.   Evaluation of Cerebellum and Globus Palidus by in vivo Diffusion Tensor Imaging in a Rat Model of Bilirubin Encephalopathy
Dominik Maria Reisinger1,2, Jiangyang Zhang3, Joel Marx1, Michael Porambo1, Michael V. Johnston1, and Seyed Ali Fatemi1,2
1Neuroscience, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD, United States, 2Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, 3Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States

 
Despite the preventable nature of bilirubin encephalopathy, classically known as Kernicterus, cases continue to occur and remain a significant problem in newborns. A mutant rat model, referred to as the Gunn rat, features an enzyme deficiency resembling Crigler-Najjar syndrome of the human. Sulfadimethoxine will be used to exaggerate bilirubin encephalopathy. This way we tried to resemble Kernicterus in the newborn and further evaluated the model through acquiring high-resolution images of T2-weighted sequences as well as in vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the Gunn rat.

 
1074.   Progression of Brain Volume Reduction in a Rat Model of STZ-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Studied by Anatomical Imaging Combined with Voxel-Based Morphometry
Wei Huang1, Ziyu Cao1, Liqing Yang1, Shuxia Wang1, Lifeng Gao1, and Hao Lei1
1State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China

 
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease characterized as insulin deficiency and the resultant metabolic disturbances.It often accompanied with many complications, including diabetic encephalopathy.In this study, we measured volumetric changes in the brain of STZ-induced diabetic rats at 12 and 20 weeks using VBM. Progressive atrophy of STZ-induced diabetic brain was assessed.

 
1075.   3T MRI and MR Spectroscopy of a Feline Model of Sandhoff Disease After AAV-Mediated Gene Therapy
Heather L. Gray-Edwards1, Nouha Salibi2, Diane Wilson1, Ashley Randle1, Ronald J. Beyers3, Thomas Stewart Denney3, Ravi T. Seethamraju2, Shumin Wang3, Xiaotong Sun3, Allison M. Bradbury4, Victoria J. McCurdy4, Aime K. Johnson5, Nancy Cox1, and Douglas R. Martin1,4
1Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Al, United States, 2MR R&D, Siemens Healthcare, Malvern, PA, United States, 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn Univeristy, Auburn, AL, United States, 4Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Al, United States, 5Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Al, United States

 
Sandhoff disease (SD) is a form of GM2 gangliosidosis in humans that is untreatable and fatal by 5 years of age. Thee feline SD model has the same subunit mutation as Sandhoff patients. AAV2/rh8 vectors expressing feline hexosaminidase subunits were injected bilaterally into the thalamus and deep cerebellar nuclei of SD cats. MR images and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) data were acquired on a 3 Tesla MAGNETOM Verio scanner. Untreated SD cat shows gray:white matter inversion and elevations of brain metabolites. Gene replacement in the feline SD model results in restoration of both brain architecture and metabolites.

 
1076.   3T MRI and MR Spectroscopy of a Feline Model of GM1 Gangliosidosis After AAV-Mediated Gene Therapy
Heather L. Gray-Edwards1, Nouha Salibi2, Diane Wilson1, Ashley Randle1, Ronald J. Beyers3, Thomas Stewart Denney3, Ravi T. Seethamraju2, Shumin Wang3, Xiaotong Sun3, Allison M. Bradbury4, Victoria J. McCurdy4, Aime K. Johnson5, Nancy Cox1, and Douglas R. Martin4
1Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Al, United States, 2MR R&D, Siemens Healthcare, Malvern, PA, United States, 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn Univeristy, Auburn, AL, United States, 4Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Al, United States, 5Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Al, United States

 
GM1 gangliosidosis is a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease caused by an enzyme deficiency in beta-galactosidase that results in buildup of GM1 ganglioside throughout the nervous system, and is fatal often by age five. The feline GM1 gangliosidosis model is a replica of the juvenile form of human GM1 gangliosidosis. AAV2/rh8 vector expressing subunits were injected bilaterally into the thalamus and deep cerebellar nuclei of GM1 cats. MR images and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) data were acquired on a 3 Tesla MAGNETOM Verio scanner. Untreated GM1 cat shows gray:white matter inversion and elevations of brain metabolites. Gene replacement in the feline GM1 model results in restoration of both brain architecture and metabolites.

 
1077.   3T MRI and MR Spectroscopy of an Ovine Model of Tay-Sachs Disease After AAV-Mediated Gene Therapy
Heather L. Gray-Edwards1, Nouha Salibi2, Diane Wilson1, Ashley Randle1, Ronald J. Beyers3, Thomas Stewart Denney3, Ravi T. Seethamraju2, Shumin Wang3, Xiaotong Sun3, Allison M. Bradbury4, Victoria J. McCurdy4, Nancy Cox1, and Douglas R. Martin4
1Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Al, United States, 2MR R&D, Siemens Healthcare, Malvern, PA, United States, 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn Univeristy, Auburn, AL, United States, 4Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Al, United States

 
Tay-Sachs Disease (TSD) is a form of GM2 gangliosidosis in humans that is untreatable and fatal by 5 years of age. The ovine TSD model has the same subunit mutation as Tay-Sachs patients. AAV2/rh8 vectors expressing ovine hexosaminidase subunits were injected in the lateral ventricle and bilaterally into the thalamus of TSD sheep. MR images and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) data were acquired on a 3 Tesla MAGNETOM Verio scanner. Untreated TSD sheep show gray:white matter isointensity and elevations of brain metabolites. Gene replacement in the ovine TSD model results in restoration of both brain architecture and metabolites.