Joint Annual Meeting ISMRM-ESMRMB 2014 10-16 May 2014 Milan, Italy

SCIENTIFIC SESSION
Diabetes & Fat Metabolism

 
Friday 16 May 2014
Blue 1 & 2  08:00 - 10:00 Moderators: Jeff W. M. Bulte, Ph.D., Damian J. Tyler, Ph.D.

08:00 1001.   
Co-transplantation of encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells improves the viability of human islet xenografts in a mouse model of type I diabetes
Mangesh Kulkarni1,2, Dian Arifin1,2, and Jeff Bulte1,2
1Institute for Cell Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 2Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Baltimore, Maryland, United States

 
Transplantation of microencapsulated islets circumvents the need for immunosuppression which is a requirement for the clinically used Edmonton protocol. We developed complementary strategies to improve transplant survival. Incorporation of perfluorocarbons within the capsules enabled in vivo monitoring using 19F MRI following subcutaneous implantation of human islets in a mouse model of type I diabetes mellitus. In this xenogeneic environment, encapsulated human islet viability was significantly improved following co-transplantation with encapsulated human MSCs.

 
08:12 1002.   HP-13C-NMR detects the alternation of LDH kinetics and redox state induced by metabolite modulation
Lin Z. Li1,2, Stephen Kadlececk1, Hoora Shaghaghi1, He N. Xu1,2, Harrilla Profka1, and Rahim Rizi1
1Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 2Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

 
Abnormal enzyme activities and cellular redox state have been observed in various medical conditions including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and lung diseases. We employed hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate NMR to investigate non-invasively how the enzyme kinetics (rate constants) and cellular redox state may be modulated by the levels of metabolites. Our results indicate a strong coupling of the lactate dehydrogenase reaction with the cellular redox state. Hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate can be a metabolic indicator of redox state for the study of normal physiology and diseases.

 
08:24 1003.   Assessment of pancreatic islets using optical projection tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
JanakiRaman Rangarajan1,2, Ting Yin3,4, Josephine Gilbert5, Ashwini Atre3,4, Anna Eriksson5, Tom Dresselaers3,4, Frederik Maes1, Ulf Ahlgren5, and Uwe Himmelreich3,4
1ESAT/PSI - Medical Image Computing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, 2iMinds-KU Leuven Future Health Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,3Biomedical MRI unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Belgium, 4Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC), KU Leuven, Belgium, 5Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umea University, Sweden

 
Islet graft transplantation is an promising treatment practice for diabetic treatment, but progressive islet loss is a major issue, which drives the interest to study islet location and function in vivo. MRI offers high spatial resolution for in vivo assessment of pancreatic islets (PI) labeled with iron-oxide particles, but the quantification of PIs in MR is confounded by the false positive signals. Optical projection tomography (OPT) offers multi-spectral assessment of PI labeled with fluorescent markers, but only allow ex vivo measurements. Using spatial normalization methods, we co-register the multi-modal data of MRI and OPT, which allowed co-localization of PIs. The. successful co-registration of pancreatic tissue allowed cross-validation of PIs in MR images, confirming its suitability for in vivo PI imaging. This is an essential prerequisite for future validation of in vivo MRI data using beta-cell targeting iron oxide based nanoparticles

 
08:36 1004.   Quantification of intragastric fat distribution using IDEAL
Dian Liu1, Jelena Curcic1,2, Andreas Steingoetter1,2, and Sebastian Kozerke1
1Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

 
The increase in nutrition-related diseases has prompted immense efforts to understand how food systems, and in particular lipids, are sensed, processed and digested in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Accurate in vivo fat quantification by MRI requires modeling of all relevant chemical shift species contained in fat, and thus the acquisition of sufficient number of echo times. Objective of this work was to validate and implement hierarchical IDEAL for measuring intragastric fat distribution of lipid emulsions. Using a 6-point IDEAL approach, intragastric distribution and emptying of fat in emulsions could be assessed within a single breath hold.

 
08:48 1005.   
Pyruvate dehydrogenase activation normalises carbohydrate metabolism and diastolic function in the diabetic heart
Lydia Le Page1, Oliver Rider2, Andrew Lewis2, Lucia Giles1, Vicky Ball1, Latt Mansor1, Lisa Heather1, and Damian Tyler1
1Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Oxford, United Kingdom

 
Diabetics have reduced systemic glucose metabolism, partly due to reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) flux, which leads to high blood glucose levels. Dichloroacetate (DCA) stimulates PDH and this study investigated its in vivo effect on the diabetic heart and liver. Four weeks of DCA treatment in diabetic rats normalised blood glucose levels, restored cardiac PDH flux and elevated hepatic PDH flux compared to controls. Diastolic dysfunction, observed in the diabetic heart, was not present in diabetic rats treated with DCA. We conclude that PDH modulation may be a suitable treatment for the metabolic and functional abnormalities seen in the diabetic heart.

 
09:00 1006.   A Numerical Model of Manganese Distribution in Pancreatic Tissue from meMRI measurements  - permission withheld
Ekkehard Küstermann1, Anke Meyer2, Katharina Stolz2, Wolfgang Dreher1, and Kathrin Maedler2
1AG "in-vivo-MR", FB2, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Bremen, Germany, 2Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany

 
Diabetes research and therapy will benefit from non-invasive methods of analyzing pancreatic beta-cell mass (BCM) and activity. Manganese mediated MR imaging is a very potent tool for non-invasive measurements of pancreatic activity. The Mn-induced signal time course of pancreatic tissue is analyzed with a mathematical model consisting of three sequentially ordered compartments: a source and two pancreatic compartments. The pancreatic MR-signal can be modeled by (i) a small compartment with similar signal changes as in the liver and (ii) a larger compartment characterized by a much slower signal change.

 
09:12 1007.   
Assessment of Diabetic Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Using Hyperpolarized 13C MR Spectroscopy
Jae Mo Park1, Sonal Josan1, Ralph Hurd2, James Graham3, Peter Havel3, David Bendahan4, Dirk Mayer5, Daniel Spielman1, and Thomas Jue6
1Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, 2GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, CA, United States, 3Molecular Bioscience, UC Davis, Davis, CA, United States, 4Centre de Resonance Magnetique Biologique et Medicale, Marseille, France, 5Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, MD, United States, 6Biochemistry, UC Davis, Davis, CA, United States

 
We performed in vivo experiments to assess the oxidative pathway contribution in the type 2 diabete mellitus (T2DM) model using hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate and [2-13C]pyruvate. The metabolism of hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate in the muscle was different in T2DM as compared to control rats, in particular with respect to PDH activity. The restoration of PDH activity with dichloroacetate in the T2DM rat suggests a non-negligible contribution of oxidative metabolism impairment in diabetes and a potential role for PDH activation to restore glucose homeostasis. [2-13C]pyruvate experiment suggests that ketogenesis is more active rather than the oxidative phosphorylation in diabetic muscle metabolism after dichloroacetate infusion.

 
09:24 1008.   Variation in Skeletal Muscle and Liver Glycogen Concentration During Normal Daily Eating in Type 2 Diabetes
Fiona Elizabeth Smith1, Mavin Macauley1, Peter Thelwall1, and Roy Taylor1
1Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

 
Skeletal muscle plays a major role in glucose homeostasis in normal health. Approximately 30% of meal carbohydrate is stored as muscle glycogen after the first meal of the day and rises after subsequent meals. Liver stores approximately 20% of meal carbohydrate in healthy subjects. Glycogen depots behave as a dynamic buffer allowing rapid storage of osmotically active glucose. However, the effectiveness of this diurnal mechanism has not been previously studied in Type 2 diabetes. The study aim was to quantify changes in skeletal muscle and liver glycogen concentration during normal eating in Type 2 Diabetes comparing this to healthy subjects.

 
09:36 1009.   
Differentiation of Brown Adipose Tissue using Manganese Enhanced MRI
Hussein Srour1, Anna Ulyanova1, and kai Hsiang chuang1
1Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore, Singapore

 
Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) is a useful method for measuring calcium-dependent cellular activity due to accumulation of Mn2+ in cells via voltage-gated calcium channels. We investigated the feasibility of MEMRI as a method to detect BAT activation in mice induced by cold exposure. We show for the first time that MEMRI can differentiate between BAT and WAT tissue in mice.

 
09:48 1010.   
Non Invasive Quantification of Ectopic Fat Content: flexibility with bariatric surgery induced weight loss
Inès ABDESSELAM1,2, Bénédicte GABORIT2,3, Frank KOBER1, Alexis JACQUIER4, Olivier EMUNGANIA5, Marie-Christine ALESSI2, Monique BERNARD1, and Anne DUTOUR2,3
1Faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille University, CRMBM, CNRS7339, Marseille, France, 2Faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille University, NORT, Inserm1062/Inra1260, Marseille, France, 3Endocrinology, Metabolic diseases and nutrition, CHU Nord, Marseille, France, 4Radiology, CHU TImone, Marseille, France, 5Gastroenterology, CHU Nord, Marseille, France

 
Bariatric surgery (BS) reduce, after 6 months, epicardial fat deposition but doesn't induce any change in myocardial triglyceride content. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of BS on pancreatic fat content, to determine whether we can reduce myocardial triglyceride content two years after BS and whether decreased level of triglyceride content 6 months after BS could be maintained 2 years later. For that purpose, we used 1H-MRS. Our study provides compelling evidences that pancreatic fat increase with type 2 diabetes and could be decreased with BS. Finally, we show that this decrease is maintained overtime.