ISMRM 23rd Annual Meeting & Exhibition • 30 May - 05 June 2015 • Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Traditional Poster Session • Musculoskeletal
1174 -1250 MSK - General

MSK - General
Monday 1 June 2015
Exhibition Hall 10:45 - 12:45

1174.   Reproducibility of morphological measurements and muscle DTI parameters in the masticatory system of healthy subjects.
Jose D Sergio Almeida1, Flora Gröning2, and Jiabao He1
1Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom, 2Anatomy and Musculoskeletal Research Programme, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom

Masticatory system is complex, attracting significant interest in understanding its function. However, current literature evidence has limited consistency, often attributed to multifactorial nature of masticatory dysfunction. It is therefore valuable to assess the reproducibility of bone and muscle morphological measurements and muscle DTI parameters, where signal level and spatial accuracy are competing factors. We found that bone morphological parameters are highly reproducible, while muscle volume reproducibility depends on the volume magnitude. For DTI parameters, only masseter measurements are reproducible. Our finding indicates that clinical studies of masticatory system should carefully consider power calculation to ensure the validity of the conclusion.

1175.   Bone Imaging Using An Inversion Recovery Prepared UTE Sequence
Michael Carl1, Jiang Du2, and Graeme M Bydder2
1GE Healthcare, San Diego, CA, United States, 2UCSD, CA, United States

Magnetization inversion is an important tool in UTE MRI to generate short T2 contrast and selectively eliminate certain long-T2 signals in the image, such as fat or muscle. Volunteer experiments were performed to demonstrate the ability of IR prepared UTE to directly image short T2 tissues such as cortical bone within clinical scantimes.

1176.   RF and Coil Inhomogeneity Correction in 2D Leg Images: A New Method Comparing with LEMS
Faezeh Fallah1,2, Christian Wuerslin1, Fritz Schick1, and Bin Yang2
1Section on Experimental Radiology, University Clinic of Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, 2Institute of Signal Processing and System Theory, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany

To provide an optimal basis for automatic tissue segmentation and enhancement of visual inspection of the magnitude images, we propose an anatomic-supported, reliable and fast algorithm for mitigation of intensity inhomogeneities resulting from modern array coils and dielectric effects. The skeletal musculature consisting of different muscle groups separated by fascia is considered as reference. This method is a generalization of the previous method, by making it applicable to different image orientations, T1-weighted and fat-suppressed images. Performance in terms of the mean coefficient of the variance of the muscle tissues is compared with local entropy minimization with bi-cubic spline model (LEMS).

1177.   Accurate Quantitative Assessment of Synovitis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Pixel by Pixel, Time-Intensity Curve Shape Analysis
Taro Sakashita1, Tamotsu Kamishima2, Hiroyuki Sugimori3, Meiki Tou4, Atsushi Noguchi5, Michihito Kawano6, and Tatsuya Atsumi5
1Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, 2Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan, 3Department of Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan, 4Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan, 5Internal Medicine 2, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan, 6Obihiro-Kosei General Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan

We hypothesized that pixel by pixel, time-intensity curve (TIC) shape analysis can accurately quantify the pannus of rheumatoid patents. Area of enhancing pannus (AEP) measurement via segmentation using thresholding (AEP_THRES) and via pixel by pixel TIC analysis (AEP_TIC) was compared by setting the volume of enhancing pannus (VEP) by manual contouring (AEP_MANUAL) as gold standard to evaluate accuracy of VEP quantification. Correlation coefficient between AEP_TIC and AEP_MANUAL was evaluated as better than that of AEP_THRES and AEP_MANUAL in the wrist region. Pixel by pixel TIC analysis may be an alternative to manual contouring for pannus quantification in the hand.

1178.   Quantitative evaluation of Synovial Membrane and Effusion in Knee Osteoarthritis:
Junghyo Kim1, Takashi Nishii2, Hidetoshi Hamada1, Masaki Takao1, Takashi Sakai1, Tetsuya Tomita3, Kazuma Futai3, Hisashi Tanaka4, Hideki Yoshikawa1, and Nobuhiko Sugano1
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan, 2Department of Orthopaedic Medical Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan, 3Departments of Orthopedic Biomaterial Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan, 4Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan

The aim of the current study was to assess volume of synovial membrane and synovial fluid on non-enhanced T2 mapping and examine associations of synovial inflammation activity with clinical symptom and structural disorders of the articular cartilage and meniscus. The volumes of synovial membrane and fluid by T2-mapping were calculated similarly to the volumes by contrast-enhanced MR sequences. There is high correlation between the volume of synovial membrane and knee pain score.

1179.   Fat suppression with double off-resonance RF pulses for musculoskeletal imaging at 3.0T
Yeji Han1, Yeon Chul Ryu2, and Jun-Young Chung1
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Incheon, Incheon, Korea, 2Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Incheon, Korea

In musculoskeletal MR imaging, fat suppression is an important factor that contributes to the visibility of bone-marrow lesions and soft-tissue masses, improves the contrast-to-noise ratio in magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography, and prevents chemical shift artifacts. In this study, a technique based on two off-resonance RF pulses is proposed as a fat suppression method that is less dependent on the field homogeneity.

1180.   Assessment of Acetabular Cartilage and Labrum for Painful Hips Using Radial MRI with Biochemical and Morphological Sequences: Arthroscopic Verification
HIDETOSHI HAMADA1, Takashi Nishii1, Kim Junghyo1, Hisashi Tanaka2, and Nobuhiko Sugano1
1Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan, 2Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan

Radial MRI with T2 mapping and T2*- and T2-weighted sequences was useful in non-invasive reliable assessment of cartilage and labral lesions over the whole acetabular area.

1181.   Cartilage evaluation by gagCEST at 3 Tesla after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy
Olgica Zaric1, Pavol Szomolanyi1, Vladimir Mlynarik1, Vladimir Juras1, and Siegfried Trattnig1
1High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Recent studies has shown that removal of the entire meniscus can lead to the development of osteoarthritis in a high proportion of cases in a long run. This study used 3 Tesla gagCEST MRI for early postoperative quantitative evaluation of biochemical changes in articular cartilage adjacent to operated meniscus after PMA. We observed lower gagCEST values in cartilage adjacent to the operated meniscus than in the healthy cartilage within the same subject. This loss in GAG content could be biomarker of early cartilage degeneration. gagCEST at 3 Tesla has great potential in the investigation of early signs of osteoarthritis.

1182.   Knee cartilage evaluation using gag-CEST imaging at 3T: correlation to the arthroscopic grading
Takako Aoki1, Hiroshi Kawaguchi2, Takahiro Watanabe3, Yomei Tachibana4, Hiroshi Imai5, Benjamin Schmitt6, and Mamoru Niitsu4
1Radiology, Saitama medical university hospital, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Japan, 2National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Japan, 3Saitama medical university hospital, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Japan, 4Saitama medical university, Japan, 5Siemens Japan K.K., Japan, 6Healthcare Sector, Siemens Ltd., Australia

Investigating the relevance of gag-CEST mapping to clinical arthroscopic findings.

1183.   Detection of Patellofemoral Overload by T1lower case Greek rho MRI
Kevin D'Aquilla1, Miltiadis Zgonis2, J. Bruce Kneeland3, Hari Hariharan1, and Ravinder Reddy1
1Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 3Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

T1ρ MRI is an emerging technique that is especially valuable as a tool for assessing cartilage health. The causes of patellofemoral pain, a common ailment in young adults, often include alterations to the articular cartilage of the knee that cannot be visualized by traditional MRI methods. This study assesses by T1ρ MRI the patellar and femoral cartilage in human patients diagnosed with patellofemoral overload. Findings include T1ρ increases on the lateral facet of both the femoral and patellar cartilage in subjects with patellofemoral pain and patellofemoral overload.

1184.   Assessment of Inter-Operator Agreement in Manual Image-Segmentation of Femoral Cartilage
Hon J. Yu1,2, Taiki Nozaki1, Yasuhito Kaneko1, Kayleigh Kaneshiro1, Ran Schwarzkopf3, and Hiroshi Yoshioka1
1Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States, 2Tu & Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States, 3Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States

Geometrical-attribute based comparison of inter-operator manual segmentation is demonstrated using MRI of articular cartilage. When combined with Bland-Altman analysis rather than more commonly used regression approach, such inter-operator assessment could provide a more insightful comparison that is not biased by the underlying segmentation-based quantity (e.g., T2 or T1lower case Greek rhoĉvalue) and can be also extended to segmentation assessment based on semi-/automatic schemes.

1185.   Ultra structure of articular cartilage
Soorena Azam Zanganeh1, Chantal Pauli2, Christine B Chung3, Eric Chang3, Graeme M Bydder3, Darryl DLima2, and Jiang Du3
1Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States, 2Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, the Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States, 3Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United Kingdom

Articular cartilage with its special structure has been studied for different layers including superficial zone which fibers are parallel to surface,transitional zone with random fibers or curved fibers and deep zone fibers are perpendicular to the surface . structures which are good explanation of magic angle effect when fibers are oriented at 54 degree. As an importance of vertical striation with different magic angel effect we investigate the fiber structure of articular cartilage using polarized light microscopy and high resolution magnetic resonance imaging plus histology.for histology we used the Safranine O-Green staining with PLM of medial and lateral tibial plateau which are the surfaces are covered whit menisci.

1186.   Multi-Echo SWI of Knee Cartilage
Joanna Yuen1, Jachin Hung2, Vanessa Wiggermann1,2, Robert McCormack3, Agnes d'Entremont4,5, and Alexander Rauscher1,2
1UBC MRI Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,3Department of Orthopaedics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 5Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

The frequency of susceptibility-weighted MR signal has proven to be highly sensitive to changes in tissue microstructure, which may reflect pathologic changes. We explored the potential of a multi-echo SWI to image articular cartilage damage. Four patients were scanned on a 3T scanner. MR signal magnitude, frequency, and T2* maps were generated and compared to arthroscopic video. Grade I, II, and III changes were detected in arthroscopy, average magnitude, and T2* maps, while Grade II and III changes were observable on MR frequency maps. This study demonstrates the use of different SW contrasts to visualize OA-related changes in knee cartilage.

1187.   Sodium inversion recovery MRI on the knee joint with an optimal inversion pulse
Jae-Seung Lee1, Ding Xia1, and Ravinder R. Regatte1
1Department of Radiology, New York University, New York, NY, United States

In the filed of sodium MRI, IR has been a popular method to discriminate the sodium content between different environments. While adiabatic pulses, such as WURST pulses, are usually used for the better inversion of the magnetization vector under B0 and B1 inhomogeneities, RF shapes robust against the field inhomogeneities can be obtained through numerical optimization based on optimal control theory. In this work, we designed optimal RF shapes to improve the performance of sodium IR MRI of the knee joint, in terms of fluid suppression, contrast between cartilage and artery, and SAR.

1188.   Patients at risk for tendinopathy and chondropathy in patients with Diabetes mellitus Type I – Identification by means of quantitative Sodium MR Imaging at ultra high field (7 Tesla) – a feasibility study
Wolfgang Marik1, Stefan Nemec2, Stefan Zbyn3, Martin Zalaudek3, Bernhard Ludvik4, Manuela Karner3, and Siegfried Trattnig3
1Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 2Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 3MR Centre of Excellence, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,4Clinic for Internal Medicine III, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Purpose: Investigate biochemical alterations of tendons and cartilage caused by DM Type 1 using quantitative in vivo sodium MR imaging at 7 Tesla. Methods: Eight patients with DM Type 1 and nine healthy volunteers were examined on a 7 Tesla MR. All participants underwent morphological and sodium image analysis. Region of interest analysis was performed manually for the femoral cartilage and patella tendon. For intra- and interreader agreement two different readers solitary evaluated the same image data sets. Results: Morphological imaging revealed no difference between groups. Sodium MR imaging revealed stasticaly significant altered NMSI values for patients in cartilage an tendons (p=. 008; p= .025). Conclusion: Statistically significant difference in NMSI values was seen in patients compared with a healthy control group.

1189.   Topographic Modifications of T1-Gd in Early Osteoarthritic Tibial Cartilage by MRI at Microscopic Resolution
Ji hyun Lee1, Farid Badar2, and Yang Xia3,4
1Oakland Univ, Rochester, Michigan, United States, 2Oakland Univ, Michigan, United States, 3Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States, 4Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Michigan, United States

This study quantified the topographical and zonal changes of T1 in healthy and osteoarthritic tibial cartilage in canines. T1 of cartilage when soaked in gadolinium showed an increasing trend from the surface to deep cartilage. The zonal T1 values from the meniscus-covered area were significantly higher than those from the uncovered area for most sub-tissue zones (except the deepest tissue and bulk). The average T1 decreased with OA advance and the cartilage thickness increased at early osteoarthritic lesion. This study could help to design more effective protocols to detect the early lesions in the clinics.

1190.   Multiparametric MR Relaxometry for articular and epiphyseal cartilage during skeletal maturation in a goat model
Luning Wang1, Mikko J Nissi2, Ferenc Toth3, Cathy Carlson3, and Jutta Ellermann1
1Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 2Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland, 3University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States

In this study, established and novel MR relaxometry methods are utilized in the developing skeleton to study cartilage maturation. Quantitative Relaxation time mapping, T1, T2, contineous wave (CW) T1ρ, adiabatic T1ρ, and TRAFF, revealed consistently higher relaxation times in articular compared to epiphyseal cartilage with peak relaxation times occurring in both at about 3 weeks of age. Multiparametric MR relaxometry serves as a valuable noninvasive tool for monitoring changes in cartilage during normal maturation in goats and may be applied in the future to study developmental abnormalities in both animals and human beings.

1191.   Validation of adiabatic T1lower case Greek rho and T2lower case Greek rho mapping of articular cartilage at 3T
Victor Casula1,2, Joonas Autio3, Mikko J. Nissi3,4, Michaeli Shalom4, Silvia Mangia4, Edward Auerbach4, Jutta Ellermann4, Eveliina Lammentausta3, and Miika T. Nieminen1,3
1Department of Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 2Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 3Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, 4Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States

Adiabatic T1lower case Greek rho and T2lower case Greek rho sequences were tested on a 3 T clinical system for mapping of articular cartilage. Phantom experiments with hyperbolic secant pulses (HS4) revealed excellent accuracy of the sequences and strong dependencies of R1lower case Greek rho and R2lower case Greek rho on agarose and chondroitin sulfate concentration, which are relevant for cartilage. The findings demonstrate that adiabatic T1lower case Greek rho and adiabatic T2lower case Greek rho techniques are promising tools for in vivo cartilage imaging at 3T.

1192.   Importance of Biexponential T2* and Partial Volume Effect Corrections on Quantification of Sodium Concentrations and Fixed Charge Density of Articular Cartilage with 23Na-MRI at 7T
Lasse P. Räsänen1, Stefan Zbyn2, Miika T. Nieminen3,4, Eveliina Lammentausta3, Xeli Deligianni5,6, Oliver Bieri5, Siegfried Trattnig2, and Rami Korhonen1
1Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, 2MR Centre-High Field MR, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 3Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, 4Department of Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 5Division of Radiological Physics – Department of Radiology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, 6Merian Iselin Klinik, Basel, Switzerland

The importance of the biexponential decay of the transverse relaxation of sodium (23Na) and the signal attenuation due to partial volume effect (PVE) were investigated, while determining23Na concentration and FCD of the tibial and femoral cartilage tissues with MRI. The use of biexponential signal correction together with PVE increased the 23Na concentrations up to +179%, thus also enabling the quantification of FCD of cartilage. The results suggest that biexponential signal decay and PVE can be notable even at 7T and relatively small resolution and should be considered when quantifying 23Na content and FCD from 23Na-MRI.

1193.   Reduction of magic angle effect for quantitative MRI of articular cartilage in vivo
Mikko Johannes Nissi1,2, Victor Casula1,2, Eveliina Lammentausta2,3, Shalom Michaeli4, Silvia Mangia4, Edward Auerbach4, Jutta Ellermann4, and Miika T Nieminen1,3
1Department of Radiology, Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 2Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,3Department of Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, 4CMRR, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States

Magic angle effect is a major confounding factor in both quantitative and qualitative assessment of articular cartilage, as well as of other tissues. Recently, reduced magic angle dependence was demonstrated for adiabatic T1lower case Greek rho relaxation time in articular cartilage. In this work, adiabatic T1lower case Greek rho and T2 relaxation time constants of human knee articular cartilage were measured in vivo at 3 T. Adiabatic T1lower case Greek rho relaxation time maps demonstrated reduced magic angle effect in cartilage regions at susceptible angles as compared to T2 relaxation time. Adiabatic T1lower case Greek rho technique provides a promising alternative to T2 for the assessment of articular cartilage.

1194.   A multi-purpose flexible antenna for musculoskeletal MR imaging at 3T
Fan Jia1, Rui Zhang2, Hongyang Yuan2, Jue Zhang1,2, Diange Zhou1,3, Xiaoying Wang1,4, and Jing Fang1,2
1Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China, 2College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China, 3Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People' s Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China, 4Dept. of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China

In this study, a multi-purpose flexible antenna, which consists of a flex cable, a tuning/matching circuit and a transmission line, was developed for musculoskeletal MR imaging. The imaging results of shoulder, hand and wrist have shown the high SNR and satisfied magnetic field homogeneity of the flexible antenna while the experimental results of elbow, ankle and knee under different flexion angles have also demonstrated the high flexibility, satisfied comfort and large FOV of the flexible antenna. In the near future, it is believed that the flexible antenna can be applied for real-time imaging of joint movement under dynamic situations.

1195.   Measuring 3D knee dynamics using center out radial ultra-short echo time trajectories with a low cost experimental setup
Martin Krämer1, Karl-Heinz Herrmann1, Heide Boeth2, Christoph von Tycowicz3, Christian König2, Stefan Zachow3, Rainald M Ehrig3, Hans-Christian Hege3, Georg N Duda2, and Jürgen R Reichenbach1
1Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany, 2Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 3Zuse Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany

To acquire dynamic movements of the whole knee with isotropic resolution a 3D radial center-out acquisition scheme is combined with a low cost experimental measurement setup to perform single passive knee flexion. With a spatial resolution of (1.25×1.25×1.25) mm³, the acquired 4D dynamic data sets are well suited for highly flexible subsequent image analysis including reconstruction of arbitrarily oriented or curved slices. In this work, we describe the measurement setup and imaging sequence and show the first basic measurement and reconstruction results.

1196.   Simultaneous time-resolved measurement of blood flow, perfusion and oxygen consumption in lower leg during recovery from exercise.
Adil Bashir1, Robert Gropler1, and Jie Zheng1
1Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States

Chronic disease such as heart failure, diabetes, peripheral artery disease etc. negatively impact muscle blood flow (BF) and perfusion and thereby lead to metabolic disorders, diminished exercise capacity and tissue loss. In this work, we have developed a time-resolved method to measure BF, perfusion and oxygen (O2) consumption simultaneously in lower leg during recovery from plantar flexion exercises. The feasibility and reproducibility of the proposed method is demonstrated in six healthy subjects. This method will shed light on the interplay between muscle function and substrate delivery and will lead to new pathways to exploit for diagnostics and therapeutics.

1197.   Imaging of the Knee using 3D Fast Spin Echo with Compressed Sensing
Scott A Reid1, Kevin F King2, David J Lomas3, Florine van der Wolf-de Lijster3, Lloyd Estkowski2, and Martin J Graves3
1GE Healthcare, Chalfont St Giles, United Kingdom, 2GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wisconsin, United States, 3Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital & University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom

Multi-slice 2D FS PD sequence tends to be the sequence of choice for PD Fat Sat of the knee due to the relatively long scan times (5-6 minutes) and risk of motion artefacts associated with 3D PD FS imaging sequence. However a 3D sequence can offer an increase in coverage as well as SNR. Here we developed a PD FS 3D FSE sequence, which was modified to perform random CS undersampling followed by a custom reconstruction algorithm. In total 12 asymptomatic knees were imaged using the standard 3D PD Fat Sat protocol compared to the 3D PD Fat Sat with CS. The results showed that in all 12 knees the CS sequence reduced the scan time by 50% as well as providing diagnostic image quality.

1198.   3D TSE IMAGING USING SPARSE-SENSE ACCELERATION: COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL 2D TSE IMAGING FOR DETECTION OF INTERNAL DERANGEMENT OF THE KNEE
Michael Paul Recht1, Ricardo Otazo2, Leon Rybak2, Soterios Gyftopoulos2, Catherine Petchprapa2, Christian Geppert3, Mary Bruno2, and Esther Raithel3
1Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States, 2Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States, 3Siemens Healthcare, Germany

A 3D TSE (SPACE) sequence using SPARSE-SENSE acceleration was optimized and compared to conventional multiplanar 2D TSE sequences in 21 patients for the evaluation of internal derangement of the knee. The optimized SPACE sequence demonstrated no statistically significant difference in sensitivity, specificity, or accuracy for the detection of meniscal or ligament tears when compared with the 2D TSE sequences using arthroscopy as the gold standard. If substantiated in larger clinical studies, this could lead to significant shortening of exam time, potentially enlarging the indication and utilization of knee MR as well as decreasing its cost.

1199.   Effect of 16-Channel Flex Array Coil on PET Standardized Uptake Values for PET/MR Imaging of the knee
Feliks Kogan1, Jarrett Rosenberg1, Sloane Brazina1, Audrey Fan1, Dawn Holley1, and Garry Gold1
1Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States

MR hardware used during simultaneous PET/MR imaging with hybrid systems may affect both qualitative and quantitative accuracy of PET images. We measured the effect of a 16-channel flexible coil on measured PET SUV in a time-of flight PET/MR scan. Results showed that the coil had a minimal impact on SUV profiles and values in phantoms and in vivo in the knee.

1200.   A primary study of in vivo morphological semi-quantitative assessment of knee osteoarthritis using dual-echo 3D UTE imaging: compared with traditional sequences
Shihong Li1, Guangwu Lin1, Chuntao Ye1, Haizhen Qian1, Panli Zuo2, Caixia Fu3, Yanqing Hua1, David M. Grodzki4, and Ming Ji1
1Radiology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 2Siemens Healthcare, MR Collaborations NE Asia, Beijing, China, 3Application R&D Department, Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd., Shanghai, China, 4Magnetic Resonance, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany

This is a primary study of in vivo morphological semi-quantitative assessment of knee osteoarthritis using dual-echo 3D UTE imaging which compared with traditional sequences

1201.   High resolution T1ρ-mapping of articular cartilage in the wrist at 3T
Joep van Oorschot1, Mark Gosselink1, Fredy Visser2, Alexandra de Rotte1, Peter Luijten1, and Dennis Klomp1
1University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2Philips Healthcare, Best, Noord-Brabant, Netherlands

T1ρ-mapping is a promising quantitative technique to detect cartilage damage at an early stage, at which tissue damage might be reversible. Here we test the feasibility of high resolution T1ρ-mapping mapping of articular cartilage at 3T. T1ρ-mapping was performed using a T1ρ-prepared 3D FFE sequence. 4 images with different spin-lock (SL) preparation times with an amplitude of 500 Hz were acquired (SL = 1,12,24,48 ms). The T1ρ-relaxation time in the articular cartilage in healthy subjects was 57±2 ms. High resolution T1ρ-mapping of the wrist at 3T is feasible, and a promising technique to assess early cartilage damage in the wrist.

1202.   Regional Variation in Canine Knee Cartilage T2 Relaxation Times: Assessment of Normative Values
Sarah L. Pownder1, Kei Hayashi2, Parina H. Shah1, Hollis G. Potter1, and Matthew F. Koff1
1Department of Radiology and Imaging - MRI, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States, 2College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States

The canine species is commonly used as a preclinical model and understanding the normative and compartment dependent T2 values of the canine knee will be beneficial for longitudinal evaluation of osteoarthritis. T2 mapping was performed on the stifles of 7 dogs to evaluate the articular cartilage of the femoral trochlea, patella, femoral condyles, and tibial plateau. Differences of cartilage T2 values were found throughout the stifle joint with the lateral femoral condylar having the longest T2 values compared to the other regions of interest. The results provide a baseline of normative values for researchers in future preclinical studies.

1203.   T1rho mapping of the entire femoral cartilage using novel depth and angle dependent analysis
Taiki Nozaki1, Yasuhito Kaneko1, Hon J. Yu1, Kayleigh Kaneshiro1, Ran Schwarzkopf2, Takeshi Hara3, and Hiroshi Yoshioka1
1Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California, United States, 2Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California, United States, 3Intelligent Image Information, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan

T1rho-weighted MR imaging enables us to detect early cartilage degeneration in early osteoarthritis patients before appearing morphological change. However for the methodology of segmentation, the number of slices measured is only one or several slices, not all slices from the knee in most of reports, and there is no previous publication about normal entire femoral T1rho map profiles for analyzing regional or cartilage layer variations. The objective of this study was to create normalized T1rho profiles of healthy entire femoral cartilage with 3 dimensional angular and depth dependent analysis, and evaluate their usefulness.

1204.   Positional Reproducibility of a Displacement Controlled MRI-Compatible Loading Device To Assess In Vivo Articular Cartilage Deformation
Hongsheng Wang1, Parina H. Shah2, Suzanne Maher1, Scott Rodeo3, Hollis G. Potter2, and Matthew F. Koff2
1Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States, 2Department of Radiology and Imaging - MRI, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States, 3Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States

Articular cartilage deformation within a joint may be predictive of cartilage health and predisposition to further degeneration. In this study, we evaluated a displacement controlled MR compatible loading device to apply an axial load to the knee joint during MR image acquisition. The repeatability of knee positioning was assessed by collecting repeated scans from four healthy volunteers and was determined to be within 1 mm of translation and 2 degrees of rotation. It was also determined that reproducible measurements of cartilage deformation may be obtained by pre-loading the lower limb for at least 12 minutes.

1205.   Robust T2 mapping of knee cartilage under in situ mechanical loading using prospective motion correction
Thomas Lange1, Michael Herbst1,2, Benjamin R. Knowles1, Kaywan Izadpanah3, and Maxim Zaitsev1
1Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, 2John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States, 3Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

Cartilage T2 has been established as a sensitive biomarker, which correlates with collagen microarchitecture and water content and is thus susceptible to loading. In this work, we demonstrate robust T2 mapping of the patellofemoral cartilage with in situ mechanical loading, using prospective motion correction of load-induced subject motion. T2 maps are reconstructed from multiple spin-echo data for scans with slice position updates before every excitation and scans with additional inter-echo correction. While uncorrected images show considerable motion artifacts giving rise to erroneous cartilage T2 mapping results, these artifacts can be efficiently suppressed with prospective motion correction.

1206.   Normal T2 map profile of the entire femoral cartilage using a novel angle/layer dependent approach
Yasuhito Kaneko1, Taiki Nozaki1, Hon Yu1, Kayleigh Kaneshiro1, Ran Schwarzkopf2, Takeshi Hara3, and Hiroshi Yoshioka1
1Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, United States, 2Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, United States, 3Division of Regeneration and Advanced Medical Sciences, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan

In this study we created normal T2 map profiles from the entire femoral cartilage of 20 healthy volunteer knees to assess regional variations using a novel angle/layer dependent approach. Overall, variations were observed in inter- and intra-rater reliability by location, and in T2 values by angular orientation to B0 and layers of the cartilage. The results indicate the importance of evaluating cartilage in consideration of these variations for diagnosis of cartilage degeneration in specific location of the knee.

1207.   T1lower case Greek rho measurements in the intervertebral discs: Analysis of reproducibility and diurnal changes
Volkan Emre Arpinar1, Weitian Chen2, and L Tugan Muftuler1,3
1Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, 2Global Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, California, United States, 3Center for Imaging Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States

It was shown that MRI T1Rho images could be used to assess proteoglycan loss; therefore, it can be employed as a quantitative measure of intervertebral discs (IVD) degeneration, especially in early stages. In order to use T1Rho as a diagnostic or prognostic tool, however, one needs to assess the reproducibility of these measurements. Moreover, earlier studies showed diurnal changes in the IVDs during rest and loading conditions. Therefore the goal of this work was to assess the reproducibility and diurnal changes in T1Rho measurements in the IVDs.

1208.   High Spatial Resolution MRI of Temporo-Mandibular Joint at 7.0 Tesla Using a Modestly Shaped 8 Channel Transceiver RF Coil Array
Jan Rieger1, Claudia Kronnerwetter2, Andreas Graessl3, Helmar Waiczies1, Roman Leicht1, Beate Endemann3, Siegfried Trattnig2, and Thoralf Niendorf3,4
1MRI.TOOLS GmbH, Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 2High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Austria,3Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 4Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty a, Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T and 3.0 T is the primary modality for the evaluation of the temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ). It remains challenging due to subtle anatomical structures and susceptibility artifacts of inner and middle ear. These constraints translate into stringent technical requirements for RF coil design. To advance the capabilities of high spatial resolution TMJ imaging this study proposes an 8 channel transmit/receive coil for dedicated MRI of the TMJ. The RF coil array’s performance and safety are evaluated in simulations. The RF coils applicability for sub-millimeter spatial resolution TMJ MRI is examined in vivo at 7.0 T.

1209.   Regional Variation in Canine Knee Meniscus T2* Relaxation Times: Assessment of Normative Values and Histologic Correlation
Sarah L. Pownder1, Parina H. Shah1, Kei Hayashi2, Hollis G. Potter1, and Matthew F. Koff1
1Department of Radiology and Imaging - MRI, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States, 2College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States

Canine models of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are commonly used to compare different reconstruction techniques, with the posterior horn of the medial meniscus as a common site of injury resulting from knee instability. This study performed T2* regional mapping of the canine knee meniscus in 5 control subjects. The regions of interest (ROIs) were the anterior and posterior horns of the medial and lateral menisci. The results indicated prolonged T2* values in the posterior horn of the medial meniscus as compared to the remaining ROIs. The results provide a baseline of normative values for researchers in future preclinical studies.

1210.   In Vitro Demonstration of the Vasculature of Human and Bovine Meniscus of the Knee with MRI at 11.7T
Ju Chen1, Qun He1, Jihye Baek1, Daryl D'Lima1, Jiang Du1, Nikolaus M. Szeverenyi1, and Graeme Bydder1
1University of California, San Diego, CA, United States

Bovine and human mensicus specimens were examined at 11.7T in order to demonstrate the vasculature of the meniscus. Multiple spin echo and gradient echo sequences showed high signal branching structures consistent with blood vessels and separable from radial ties or fibers. The vessels were generally interposed between radial and circumferential fibers and did not involve the more cartilaginous regions. The results are consistent with previous angiographic and microscopic studies and show that it may be possible to demonstrate vascular features at higher fields using clinical systems.

1211.   Real Time fat suppressed MRI of the knee joint during flexion/extension allows the study of PCL motion
Valentina Mazzoli1,2, Andre Sprengers3, Aart J. Nederveen2, Gustav J. Strijkers1,4, Klaas Nicolay1, and Nico Verdonschot3,5
1Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 2Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 3Orthopaedic Research Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 4Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 5Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands

While the added value of dynamic MRI over conventional static imaging has already been demonstrated in several studies, dynamic imaging of soft tissues in the knee such as ligaments and tendons has been investigated less extensively, mostly due to the technical and practical challenge of dynamic fat suppressed imaging during movement of the knee joint. We present here a fast and robust technique for fat suppression to be used in real time imaging of the flexion/extension of the knee. Fat suppression allowed segmentation and evaluation of the posterior cruciate ligament pattern of elongation during flexion/extension.

1212.   Preliminary results of early detection of baseball elbow using low field magnetic resonance imaging specialized for small joints
Yoshikazu Okamoto1, Kiyoshi Maehara1, and Tetsuya Kanahori1
1University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Preliminary results of early detection of baseball elbow in Japanese elementary school boys and girls using low field magnetic resonance imaging specialized for small joints

1213.   T2 mapping of the supraspinatus tendon: a feasibility study
Soterios Gyftopoulos1, Konstantin Krepkin1, Mary Bruno1, and Jose G Raya2
1Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States, 2Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School Of Medicine, New York, Ny, United States

T2* and T2 maps have the potential to provide improved qualitative information on the status of the supraspinatus tendon which along with the morphologic findings provided by conventional MR imaging can provide a better understanding of the repairability of the injured tendon and, thus, the likelihood of success of the surgical repair.

1214.   Non-Gaussian diffusion weighted imaging for assessing degenerative changes in intervertebral disc composition
Masaki Katsura1,2, Yuichi Suzuki2, Akihiro Kasahara2, Harushi Mori1, Akira Kunimatsu1, Yoshitaka Masutani3, Masaaki Hori4, Shigeki Aoki4, and Kuni Ohtomo1
1Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 2Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, 3Intelligent Systems, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan, 4Radiology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan

In the present study, we performed q-space imaging (QSI) analyses for lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs) with different stages of degeneration. Our results suggest that the degenerative process of IVDs involves narrowing of the space for free water movement and a generally higher degree of microstructural complexity, in which we are unable to assess with conventional quantitative MR measurements. QSI may provide sensitive biomarkers for IVD degenerative microstructural changes and can potentially become an appropriate tool to allow characterization of various IVD pathologies.

1215.   Characterization of an Animal Model of Spinal Instability Using MR Elastography and Mechanical Testing
Ephraim I Ben-Abraham1, Jun Chen2, and Richard L Ehman2
1Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 2Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States

Low back pain (LBP) is a very costly and prevalent health disorder in the U.S. Spinal instability and degenerative disc disease are two of the most common causes of LBP. It is known that the stiffness of the disc changes substantially with degeneration. MRE has been demonstrated for estimating the shear stiffness of the nucleus in the intervertebral disc in vitro. In this study, we attempt to measure spinal instability in an in vitro goat spine segment with induced disc degeneration and mechanical destabilization. Our results suggest MRE may be capable of detecting spinal instability.

1216.   Whole spine vertebral bone marrow proton density fat fraction mapping: anatomical variation and gender-specific reference database
Thomas Baum1, Samuel P Yap1, Michael Dieckmeyer1, Stefan Ruschke1, Holger Eggers2, Hendrik Kooijman3, Ernst J Rummeny1, Jan S Bauer4, and Dimitrios C Karampinos1
1Department of Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany, 2Philips Research Laboratory, Hamburg, Germany, 3Philips Healthcare, Hamburg, Germany, 4Section of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany

There is a growing interest in vertebral bone marrow tissue as anatomical compartment that contributes to systemic and bone metabolism. Bone marrow adiposity is associated with visceral adipose tissue and HbA1c values in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, chemotherapy and radiation treatment-induced bone marrow damage, and bone loss pathophysiology. Chemical shift encoding-based water-fat imaging has been emerging to measure vertebral bone marrow proton density fat fraction (PDFF). In this study, we assessed the anatomical variation of PDFF over the whole spine and provided a reference database of PDFF values of young, healthy subjects, which has not been established yet.

1217.   A comparison of three approaches for defining nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus on sagittal MR images.
Yi-Xiang Wang1, Greta SP Mok2, Duo Zhang2, Shu-Zhong Chen1, and Jing Yuan3
1Dept Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, 2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR, Macau, 3Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong

We compared three region-of-interest (ROI) methods for nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF). Fifty-two subjects were imaged under a 3-T MRI and a total of 256 discs were evaluated using manual and uniform ROI methods to define NP and AF. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values were all >0.75 when comparing 5-/7-ROI with manual ROI methods for NP, and 0.167-0.488 for AF when comparing 7-ROI with M-ROI method. The values increased to 0.378-0.582 for 5-ROI method. Comparable results were obtained with Bland-Altman plots. The uniform ROI methods agreed well with manual ROI for NP but not for AF.

1218.   Assessment of the stiffness of intervertebral disk in rat model with Magnetic Resonance Elastography
Yifei Liu1, Julia Zelenakova2, Kejia Cai2,3, Robert Kleps4, Thomas J Royston1,2, Richard L Magin2, Andrew Larson5, and Weiguo Li4,5
1Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States, 2Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States, 3Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, 4Research Resource Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States, 5Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States

Biomechanical properties of the intervertebral disk (IVD) can be a potential biomarker to access IVD degeneration, one of most significant causes of lower back pain. This study shows the feasibility and promising results of using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), a non-invasive tissue stiffness estimation technique, to measure the IVD stiffness in a lumbar segment of a rat model.

1219.   3D ultra-short TE imaging of the spine for vertebral segmentation
Wingchi Edmund Kwok1,2 and Terry K Koo3
1Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States, 2Rochester Center for Brain Imaging, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States,3Department of Research, New York Chiropractic College, Seneca Falls, NY, United States

Since conventional MRI cannot easily distinguish cortical bone from neighboring tissues such as tendons, ligaments and articular capsule, we evaluated the use of UTE imaging for improved visualization and segmentation of vertebrae. The study was conducted on a 3T system on two normal subjects using a work-in-progress 3D UTE sequence from Siemens. CISS images were also obtained for comparison. The results showed that UTE better distinguished cortical bone from other tissues, enabling easier segmentation of the vertebrae. UTE imaging may be useful for functional, developmental and diagnostic assessment of spine, such as the studies of scoliotic deformities or osteophyte formation.

1220.   Vertebral bone marrow fat content measured by MRI associated with lower bone mineral density: a human cadaver study
Miyuki Takasu1, Yuji Akiyama1, Ryuji Akita1, Kazushi Yokomachi1, Yoko Kaichi1, Shuji Date1, Masatoshi Honda2, and Kazuo Awai1
1Diagnostic Radiology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan, 2Philips Electronics, Tokyo, Japan

Clinical studies using different methods including MRS to assess marrow fat have found a negative correlation with BMD. The present cadaveric study was conducted in order to validate the relationships among vertebral marrow fat, BMD, and bone strength. Values of fat fraction assessed with mDIXON correlated with those from 1H MRS. There was a negative correlation between marrow fat and tissue BMD. This relationship can also be assessed by the mDIXON technique. Further study is needed to assess the feasibility of using mDIXON for quantification of vertebral marrow fat in vivo.

1221.   Frequency dependant shear properties of bovine ex vivo intervertebral disc.
Delphine Perie1, Pierre-Francois Beauchemin1, Phil Bayly2, Joel R Garbow2, John Schmidt2, Ruth Okamoto2, and Farida Cheriet1
1Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 2Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States

Aging and degeneration have been shown to be associated with changes in intervertebral disc mechanical properties, generating interest in the use of mechanical properties to establish early biomarkers for the degenerative cascade. This study demonstrated that global mechanical characterization of the intervertebral disc, including both nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus, was possible with high frequency needle magnetic resonance elastography. The advantages and limitations of different approaches to the inversion problem in the intervertebral disc were also determined. The developed method could be adapted in vivo to assess the contribution of osmotic pressure to the mechanical behavior of the intervertebral disc.

1222.   Value of 3D FSE STIR images with blood-suppression pulse technique for the brachial plexus at 3T
Tsutomu Inaoka1, Masayuki Odashima1, Mitsuyuki Tozawa1, Hiroyuki Nakazawa1, Masahiro Sogawa1, Tomoya Nakatsuka1, Rumiko Kasai1, and Hitoshi Terada1
1Radiology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Chiba, Japan

There has recently been an increased interest in diagnosing abnormalities of the brachial plexus with MRI. STIR is often used in assessing the brachial plexus since chemical saturation techniques may be insufficient for homogenous fat suppression. On STIR images, however, some vessels including the internal jugular veins, paraspinal vessels, and others around the brachial plexus are hyperintense compared to the fat and surrounding tissues. Recently, blood-suppression pulse technique has been introduced to reduce signal intensities from vessels and microperfusion of the tissues at 3T MRI.The MIP image of 3D SPACE STIR technique with blood-suppression pulse is superior to that without. It might be a better way to evaluate anatomies and pathologies of the brachial plexus.

1223.   Mr Diffusion Is Sensitive To Mechanical Loading In Human Intervertebral Disks
Ron N Alkalay1, Carl-Fredrik Westin2, Dominik Meier2, and David B Hackney3
1Orthopedics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States, 2Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 3Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States

Human disks were MR imaged using T2map and MR diffusivity protocols under two load conditions and the disks dynamic and viscoelastic response quantified. Loading yielded significantly lower Mean Diffusivity and higher variance. No such changes were observed for T2map. Tissue based differences (Nucleus vs. Annulus) were observed for both measures, but only diffusivity detected the application of loading. MD correlated with the disks dynamic and viscoelastic response with T2 relaxation correlated with its dynamic and long-term viscoelastic response. The strong correlations between MD and disk mechanics suggest that MR might permit quantitative assessment of disk functional status and structural integrity.

1224.   Water-Fat Separated MRI for Detecting Increased Fat Infiltration in the Multifidus Muscle in Patients with Severe Neck Problems due to Chronic Whiplash Associated Disorder
Anette Karlsson1,2, Anneli Peolsson3, Janne West2,3, Ulrika Åslund3, Thobias Romu1,2, Örjan Smedby2,3, Peter Zsigmond4, and Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard2,3
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, 2Center for Medcial Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden,3Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, 4Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

The fatty infiltration of the multifidus muscle was investigated in 31 individuals with chronic Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) and 31 controls, matched for age and sex in C4-C7, using water-fat separated MRI. Individuals with severe disability had significantly (p=0.03 to 0.04) higher content of fatty infiltration on the right side of the neck compared to controls and to those with mild/ moderate WAD. There were no significant differences between those with mild/ moderate WAD and healthy controls. Earlier reported findings using T1-weighted MRI was reproduced also using water-fat separated MRI.

1225.   Dynamic measurement of muscle R2, R2' and R2* during ischemia and reactive hyperemia
Chengyan Wang1, Rui Zhang2, Xiaodong Zhang3, He Wang4, Kai Zhao3, Jue Zhang1,2, Xiaoying Wang1,3, and Jing Fang1,2
1Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China, 2College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China, 3Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China, 4Philips Research China, Shanghai, Shanghai, China

Muscle BOLD MRI has been used to infer small vessel function following arterial occlusion, the infusion of vasoactive compounds and to study vascular function in peripheral artery disease. BOLD R2* is a summation of irreversible (R2) and reversible(R2¡¯) relaxation rates (R2*=R2+R20). It has been suggested that R2 is sensitive to many physiological perturbations, including tissue water content, inflammation and changes in tissue oxygenation. However, R2¡¯ is linearly dependent on tissue oxygenation. Therefore, R2¡¯ is able to provide a more specific and direct evaluation of muscle oxygenation. Muscle BOLD MRI has been used to infer small vessel function following arterial occlusion, the infusion of vasoactive compounds and to study vascular function in peripheral artery disease. BOLD R2* is a summation of irreversible (R2) and reversible(R2¡¯) relaxation rates (R2*=R2+R20). It has been suggested that R2 is sensitive to many physiological perturbations, including tissue water content, inflammation and changes in tissue oxygenation. However, R2¡¯ is linearly dependent on tissue oxygenation. Therefore, R2¡¯ is able to provide a more specific and direct evaluation of muscle oxygenation.

1226.   Muscular fat fraction determination by quantitative T2-MRI, reproducibility in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy and healthy volunteers
Linda Heskamp1, Barbara Helena Janssen1, and Arend Heerschap1
1Radiology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands

The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility of quantitative T2-MRI determined muscular fat fraction in patients with fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) and healthy volunteers. Fat content was derived from multi spin-echo images of 80 FSHD muscles and 45 healthy volunteer muscles by fitting the signal-intensity to a bi-exponential function with fixed T2 times for muscle and fat. Reproducibility was assessed by a Bland-Altman analysis. The coefficient of repeatability for FSHD muscles and healthy muscles were 6.5% (1.96*SD) and 2.8% (1.96*SD), respectively. With this reproducibility, treatment effects of 2.5% can be detected in a patient cohort < 10.

1227.   Modeling Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Disease Progression: A Longitudinal Multicenter MRI Study
William D. Rooney1, Yosef Berlow1, Sean C. Forbes2, Rebecca J. Willcocks2, James Pollaro1, William T. Triplett3, Dah-Jyuu Wang4, Barry J. Byrne5, Richard Finkel6, Barry S. Russman7, Erika L. Finanger7, Michael J. Daniels8, H. Lee Sweeney9, Glenn A. Walter3, and Krista H. Vandenborne2
1Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States, 2Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States, 3Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States, 4Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 5Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States, 6Department of Neurology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, Florida, United States, 7Shriners Hospital, Portland, Oregon, United States, 8Division of Statistics & Scientific Computation, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States, 9Department of Pharamcology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive disease of which there is no cure. There is a need for biomarkers that are sensitive to progression, non-invasive, have excellent precision, and are easily transferable between institutions. MRI and MRS can be used to characterize muscle for detection of DMD pathology. The goal here is to identify biomarkers, characterize patterns of muscle involvement, and summarize DMD progression using a modeling approach utilizing MRI and MRS data.

1228.   MRI monitoring for muscular dystrophy mice treated with gene therapy
Joshua Park1, Jacqueline Wicki2, Sue Knoblaugh3, Jeffrey Chamberlain2,4, and Donghoon Lee1
1Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, 2Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, 3Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States, 4Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States

Multi-parametric MRI was performed to monitor disease progression and responses to adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated gene therapy for mice with muscular dystrophy. We quantified T2, magnetization transfer ratio and apparent diffusion coefficients along with 3 dimensional volume measurements for the monitoring. Mice were imaged at 3 months of age for pre-treatment and post-treatment at 8, 16 and 24 week time points. Histopathology was also conducted for tissues collected from the hindlimbs after the final time point for comparison. T2 relaxation, alongside diffusion and magnetization transfer effects provides useful data towards the goal of non-invasively monitoring the treatment of muscular dystrophy.

1229.   Inter-echo time dependence of CPMG relaxation rate around capillaries in skeletal muscle tissue
Felix T Kurz1, Thomas Kampf2, Lukas R Buschle3, Sabine Heiland4, Martin Bendszus4, and Christian H Ziener1,3
1Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, BW, Germany, 2University of Wuerzburg, Bavaria, Germany, 3German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, BW, Germany, 4Heidelberg University, BW, Germany

Capillary networks in muscle tissue are examined using Krogh’s capillary model and it is shown that diffusion-dependent CPMG relaxation rates depend on microstructural parameters such as capillary radius, nuclear spin diffusion and regional blood volume fraction. The findings agree well with experimental data and can be used to quantify microstructural parameters that correlate with denervation- or age-related microcirculatory remodeling in skeletal muscle.

1230.   Quantification of the inflammatory process in muscles of patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.
Linda Heskamp1, Barbara H. Janssen1, and Arend Heerschap1
1Radiology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands

The aim of this study was to develop a method to quantify measures of severity of inflammation as seen on TIRM images in patients with fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Intensity (in standardized z-scores) and volume of inflammation were quantified on TIRM images in six muscles of three patients at baseline and follow-up. We observed that three processes occurred over time. The volume and intensity of inflammation both 1) increased, 2) decreased, 3) volume decreased, while intensity increased. Thus, the proposed method is able to quantify features of the inflammatory process in FSHD patients, which may be valuable to evaluate treatment.

1231.   MRI characterization of individual muscles in patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) using a semi-automatic segmentation approach
Didier Laurent1, Attila Nagy2, Steve Pieper2, Harlem Gongxeka1, Celeste Pretorius1, and Stefan Baumann1
1Biomarker Department, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland, 2Isomics, Inc, Cambridge, Ma, United States

A 3D semi-automated segmentation approach was developed and validated for quick and accurate determination of individual thigh muscle volumes from magnetic resonance (MR) image series of both healthy individuals and patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM). Specific muscles of sIBM patients displayed clear signs of atrophy, more so in the anterior compartment of the thigh, along with up to 50% of infiltrated fat, which might explain propensity of these patients to loose balance.

1232.   Improvement of Thigh Muscle MRI Image Processing Efficiency using a Batch-Scripted N4ITK Intensity Normalization Algorithm Implemented in 3D Slicer
Prashant Bansal1, David Bennett1, Xiaodong Tao1, and Sally Warner1
1Medical Imaging, PAREXEL Informatics, Billerica, MA, United States

When applied to images with signal inhomogeneity, the N4ITK algorithm can correct images by use of a calculated bias field. Herein, we demonstrate that use of a batch-scripted N4ITK algorithm implemented in 3DSlicer freeware leads to a significantly more efficient workflow for thigh muscle MR image processing. Customized automation and N4ITK batch processing through 3DSlicer is possible for efficient image inhomogeneity correction in large data sets common to clinical multi-site imaging trials. In addition, the N4ITK intensity inhomogeneity correction step results in quicker turnaround and efficient implementation of the automated and semi-automated segmentation tools resulting in reliable & faster segmentation in thigh muscle MRI data sets.

1233.   Quantifying Muscle Inflammation with Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging
Carlos J Perez-Torres1, Neva B Watson2, Yong Wang1,3, Paul T Massa2,4, and Sheng-Kwei Song1,3
1Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States, 2Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States, 3Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States, 4Neurology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States

Once considered a tropical disease, infectious myositis is an underappreciated emerging global affliction. Diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) has been previously utilized to separately quantify inflammatory pathology and fiber pathology in white matter diseases such as multiple sclerosis. The present work is the first example of DBSI being applied to muscle pathology. DBSI-derived restricted isotropic diffusion is usually associated with increased immune cell infiltration. The restricted fraction increased in both lesion and normal-appearing muscle. At first glance, DBSI seems capable of detecting inflammation in the muscle that might be missed by just looking at ADC or FA.

1234.   Time-dependent diffusion as a biomarker for rotator cuff atrophy
Gregory Lemberskiy1,2, Dmitry Novikov1, Mary Bruno1, Els Fieremans1, and Soterios Gyftopoulos1
1Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States, 2Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States

We show that modeling myofiber diameter using time dependent diffusion is feasible in the rotator cuff by comparing the diameters of the infraspinatus and supraspinatus across 10 shoulders. Fiber diameters in 2 clinical patients with full thickness tears were quantified longitudinally within 2 weeks prior to surgery and 3 months after surgery. Our method showed a systematic drop in fiber diameter after 3 months indicating that the model could serve as a biomarker for atrophy consequently and surgical outcome.

1235.   Skeletal Muscle Perfusion Measured with Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin-Labeling MRI After Dorsiflexion Contractions
Sean C Forbes1, Jingfeng Ma1, Glenn A. Walter1, Krista Vandenborne1, and Song Lai1
1University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States

In this study we tested the feasibility of pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) MRI to measure changes in skeletal muscle perfusion following a short high-intensity dorsiflexion exercise protocol. PCASL detected increases in perfusion of the primary dorsiflexors (tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus) after the contractions, and the perfusion values were shown to have good day-to-day reproducibility. This study shows the feasibility of applying pCASL to measure skeletal muscle perfusion after isometric fatiguing dorsiflexion contractions in healthy adults.

1236.   Towards clinical ultrahigh field musculoskeletal MRI: comparison of shoulder imaging at 1.5T, 3.0T and 7.0T
Marko Hoehne1,2, Andreas Graessl2, Jan Rieger3, Antje Els4, Beate Endemann4, Thomas Herold5, and Thoralf Niendorf4,6
1HELIOS Klinikum Berlin Buch, Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 2Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 3MRI.TOOLS GmbH, Berlin, Germany, 4Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany, 5HELIOS Klinikum Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany,6Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charite Campus Berlin Buch, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany

MR imaging (MRI) of the shoulder is the method of choice in clinical practice. In common use is MRI with field strength of 1.5T and 3T and the normal anatomic structures are readily identifiable in these field strength. But especially lesions or fiber structures are difficult to localize. With special coil elements 7T MRI offers the potential to increase the identification of capillary structures and this even with a higher spatial resolution in submilimeter compartment.

1237.   Canine MRI for X-linked myotubular myopathy
Joshua Park1, Martin Childers2, and Donghoon Lee1
1Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, 2Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States

Multi-parametric MRI was performed on a 3T MR human scanner to monitor disease progression and responses to adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-medicated gene therapy for dogs with X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM). We quantified T2 and apparent diffusion coefficients along with 3 dimensional volume measurements for the monitoring. Histopathology was also conducted for tissues biopsized from the hindlimbs after MRI for comparison. T2 relaxation, alongside diffusion effect provides useful data towards the goal of non-invasively monitoring the treatment of XLMTM. To our knowledge, this is the first MRI study to assess the disease and treatment responses for the canine model of XLMTM.

1238.   Quantitative Measurement of Blood Flow in Contracting Rat Muscle Using MR Angiography
Anne Tonson1,2, Jonathan Kasper1,2, Ronald A Meyer3,4, and Robert W Wiseman2,3
1Physiology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States, 2Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States,3Physiology and Radiology Departments, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States, 4Biomedical Imaging Research Center, East Lansing, MI, United States

This study aimed to investigate the effect of skeletal muscle workload on local muscle blood flow and the corresponding time-course of flow recovery in the rat hindlimb using 2D_ PC-MRA measurements in the femoral vein. The present results showed a significant increase in flow from baseline in response to contraction regardless of the intensity. The corresponding change was lower for non- fatiguing stimulation (≤1Hz) compared to fatiguing contraction (≥2Hz) for which we also observed a reactive hyperemia. This study shows that MRI-based regional blood flow measurement can be used for the quantitative investigation of post-contraction time-course of flow recovery

1239.   Depiction of muscle activation induced by Electromyostimulation in the calf muscle by using T2-weighted MRI at 3.0 T
Reinhard Rzanny1, Patrick Hiepe1, Kevin Tschiesche1, Alexander Gussew1, and Norman Stutzig2
1AG Medical Physics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Thüringen, Germany, 2Institute of Sport- and Movement science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Baden-Würtemberg, Germany

Functional T2w-MRI is used to depict activated muscle area in the calf muscle after electromyographic stimulation (EMS). By the example of the calf muscle and by using strong stimulation levels it should be investigated whether the activated muscle area only depends on the distance to the stimulating electrode or whether selective stimulations of the M. gastrocnemius as an individual muscles is possible.

1240.   Is intramyocellular lipid a diffusion-restricting factor in skeletal muscle cells?
Yoshikazu Okamoto1, Shintaro Mori1, Tomonori Isobe1, Yuji Hirano1, Hiroaki Suzuki1, and Manabu Minami1
1University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Is intramyocellular lipid a diffusion-restricting factor in skeletal muscle cells?

1241.   MR characterization of murine model of dystrophy on a DBA background
Ravneet Vohra1, Sean Forbes2, Krista Vandenborne3, Elizabeth Mcnally4, and Glenn Walter5
1Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States, 2Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States, 3Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Florida, United States, 4Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States, 5Physiology and Functional Genomics, Unversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States

Mutations in the genes encoding dystrophin and its associated proteins cause muscular dystrophies, which are characterized by progressive muscle weakness and replacement by fibrotic tissue. Genetic modifiers have been shown to influence phenotypic variability both in humans and animal models. In animal models genetic modifiers can be studied by knocking out the same gene on different background of mouse strain. Murine models of muscular dystrophy on typical C57 background show relatively less severity over their life span compared to mouse models on DBA/2 background. In this study we used magnetic resonance to characterize murine models of dystrophy on DBA background.

1242.   Skeletal Muscle Motion Maps from Post-Contraction Gradient Echo Spin Saturation Effect
Andrew D Davis1 and Michael D Noseworthy2,3
1Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 2Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada, 3School of Biomedical engineering, McMaster University, ON, Canada

Gradient echo echo planar imaging (GRE-EPI) has often been used to assess skeletal muscle, but not with regards to muscle displacement. Muscle displacement causes a signal re-saturation effect during GRE-EPI scanning. In this study, GRE-EPI time series were acquired, and post-exercise images were processed voxel-wise to assess the saturation effect present. Muscle displacement maps were generated from the post-processing scheme. The maps were examined for motion direction and proximity to the deep aponeuroses of the triceps surae muscles, and were found to agree with expectations for the plantar flexion exercise performed.

1243.   Obesity Decrease the Eigenvalues of Muscles
Yasuharu Watanabe1, Keisaku Kimura2, Masahiro Umeda1, Tomokazu Murase3, Toshihiro Higuchi3, Chuzo Tanaka3, and Shoji Naruse4
1Medical Infomatics, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, 2Health Promoting and Preventive Medicine, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Kyoto, Japan,3Neurosurgery, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, 4Health Care and Checkup, Daini Okamoto General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan

This study aims to evaluate the influence of obesity on DTI findings based on the fat fraction and eigenvalues. A BMI of 25 kg/m2 was used to divide the subjects into an obesity group and a normal group. 6 ROIs on femur slices were set at the vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembraneous muscles. The fat fraction was higher in the obesity group than in the normal group, with significant differences for VL, BF, and SM. The all eigenvalues were low value in the obesity group, with a significant difference between groups for VL.

1244.   Myogenic Differentiation of Magnetically Labeled Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Natalie M. Pizzimenti1, Christiane Mallett2, Robert W. Wiseman1,2, and Erik M. Shapiro2
1Physiology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States, 2Radiology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of MSCs to differentiate into myogenic cells with varying magnetic labeling conditions. MSCs show morphological changes toward the myogenic lineage after 6 weeks in muscle media even with the introduction of magnetic particles. This is a new tool that will allow MRI-based cell tracking to further our understanding in skeletal muscle repair.

1245.   
Multimodal determination of load changes in the muscle - A combination of 1H-MEGA-PRESS and blood sampling
Kevin Tschiesche1, Alexander Gussew1, Maria Glöckner2, Steffen Derlien2, and Jürgen R Reichenbach1
1Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany, 2Institute for Physiotherapy, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany

In the current study we monitored and directly compared local and global lactate changes in healthy volunteers by means of 1H MEGA-PRESS MRS and blood sampling, respectively, that were induced by exercising the calf muscle. Normalized ratios of lactate to creatine (Lac/Cr) as well as blood lactate concentrations both increased after the exercise indicating high anaerobic exercise conditions. However, different decay time constants of lactate were observed in muscle and blood, which can be ascribed to subsequent processes affecting the blood lactate time courses within the tissue.

1246.   Acute Effects of Exercise on Quantum Filtered Sodium Spectroscopy in Human Calf Muscle
Alireza Akbari1, Dinesh Kumbhare2,3, and Michael Noseworthy4,5
1School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 2Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 3University Health Network, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Ontario, Canada, 4Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada, 5School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada

In this work we demonstrate the effects of calf muscle exercise on single and triple quantum filtered sodium spectroscopy.

1247.   Simultaneous multi-slice echo planar imaging with blipped CAIPIRINHA: A promising technique for accelerated diffusion tensor imaging of skeletal muscle
Lukas Filli1, Marco Piccirelli1, David Kenkel1, Roman Guggenberger1, Gustav Andreisek1, Val M Runge1, and Andreas Boss1
1University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, ZH, Switzerland

to be added

1248.   In Vivo Imaging of the Motion of the Temporomandibular Joint Components Using a Pseudo-Dynamic 3D Imaging Technique
Reni Biswas1, Karen Chen2,3, Eric Y. Chang2, Sheronda Statum1, Won C. Bae1, and Christine B. Chung2,3
1Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States, 2VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States, 3University of California, San Diego, CA, United States

The TMJ has unique biomechanical characteristics, as the bilateral TMJs must function together under compressive loads while undergoing large-scale movement. MRI allows for noninvasive evaluation of the joint and has the ability to evaluate soft tissues such as the articular disc and its congruity relative to the condyle in closed and open mouth position. The biomechanics of the osseous structures in the normal TMJ are well demonstrated using high resolution dynamic 3D cube sequence and involves translation and rotation of the mandibular condyle in the anterior to posterior direction and tissue deformation due to compression.

1249.   Assessment of resting skeletal muscle alkaline Pi pool and PDE concentration by 31P-MRS at 7T and its relation to mitochondrial capacity and Pi-to-ATP exchange rate
Ladislav Valkovic1,2, Marjeta Tušek Jelenc1, Barbara Ukropcová3,4, Wolfgang Bogner1, Matej Vajda5, Thomas Heckmann6, Miroslav Baláž3, Marek Chmelík1, Ivan Frollo2, Norbert Bachl6, Jozef Ukropec3, Siegfried Trattnig1, and Martin Krššák1,7
1High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 2Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia, 3Obesity section, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia, 4Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Commenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia, 5Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Commenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia, 6Department of Sports and Physiological Performance, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 7Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

This study aimed to assess the interrelations between measures derived from 31P-MRS in quadriceps femoris muscle at 7T in three physiologically different subject groups. Resting state alkaline Pi (Pi2/Pi1), phosphodiester concentration ([PDE]), Pi-to-ATP exchange rate constant assessed by saturation transfer and maximal mitochondrial capacity assessed by dynamic 31P-MRS during recovery from exercise were analyzed. Our results show that resting measurements of Pi2/Pi1 and [PDE] may provide an alternative biomarker of skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity, complementing or overcoming the necessity of complex experimental set-up for dynamic examinations.

1250.   Muscle mitochondrial dysfunction relates to decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity in female youth with type 2 diabetes
Mark S. Brown1, Abhinav Gupta2, Melanie Cree-Green2, Gregory Coe2, Amy Baumgartner2, Bradley R Newcomer3, and Kristen J Nadeau2
1Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, United States, 2Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, United States, 3Diagnostic and Clinical Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States

Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) but T2D in youth has a unique phenotype and is more common in females. We hypothesized that muscle IR, assessed using and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp techniques, would be associated with decreased mitochondrial function in adolescent females with T2D, as measured with dynamic 31P spectroscopy. T2D girls had slowed post-exercise ATP re-synthesis after exercise at an equal workload, relative to both lean and obese controls indicating decreased mitochondrial function following exercise. Further, rates of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial capacity relate to insulin resistance in youth.