ISMRM 21st Annual Meeting & Exhibition ○ 20-26 April 2013 ○ Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
SCIENTIFIC SESSION
Hyperpolarized Gases: The Lung & Beyond Friday 26 April 2013
Room 155 EF | 10:30 - 12:30 | Moderators: | Giles E. Santyr, Jim M. Wild
10:30 | 0814. | Detection of Brown Fat Thermogenesis by Hyperpolarized Xenon Gas MR Rosa Tamara Branca1, Le Zhang2, Christian White1, and Ting He1 1Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States, 2Material Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States In vivo temperature measurement of fatty tissues by proton MR is notoriously challenging. Here we demonstrate in vivo temperature measurement by HP Xenon MR. We also show the possibility to directly measure in real time thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue, a tissue which has recently become the focus of much research attention due to its implication in the development of human obesity and type 2 diabetes.
10:42 | 0815. | Revealing the Hyperpolarized 129Xe Red Blood Cell Resonance Using Transgenic Mice Matthew S. Freeman1, Zackary I. Cleveland2, Yi Qi2, and Bastiaan Driehuys1,2 1Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States, 2Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States Hyperpolarized 129Xe provides a unique means of probing gas exchange, being soluble in tissues and displaying a large in vivo chemical shift range. However, mice do not typically display a unique RBC resonance, as rats and humans do. For the first time, transgenic mice expressing for human hemoglobin display two dissolved-phase NMR peaks at 198 and 220 ppm, almost identical to the interstitial tissue and RBC peaks seen in humans. This enables visualization of pulmonary gas-exchange not previously possible in mice, providing global and regional physiological information about gas transit to the RBCs in mouse models of disease and injury.
10:54 | 0816. | 129Xe as an in Vivo Probe for MR Oximetry General Leung1, Graham Norquay1, and Jim M. Wild1 1Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom MR oximetry with endogenous contrast can be confounded by physiological variations in the underlying signal. Exogenous agents can be useful, especially in regions such as the lungs, that suffers from low endogenous signal. This study explores the use of hyperpolarized 129Xe as an exogenous tracer of red blood cell oxygenation in human pulmonary vasculature.
11:06 | 0817. | Detecting Pulmonary Capillary Blood Pulsations Using Hyperpolarized 129Xe CSSR Kai Ruppert1, Talissa A. Altes1, Jaime F. Mata1, Iulian C. Ruset2,3, F. William Hersman2,3, and John P. Mugler, III1 1University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States, 2Xemed, LLC, Durham, NH, United States, 3University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States “Chemical Shift Saturation Recovery” (CSSR), is a method for monitoring the uptake of hyperpolarized xenon-129 (HXe) by the lung parenchyma through the acquisition of a free induction decay following a variable delay time after an RF saturation pulse. The purpose of our studies was to demonstrate that, by holding the delay time fixed, it is feasible to evaluate the pulsation of flowing blood in the pulmonary capillaries in real time. We found that rhythmic pulsations with a period of approximately 1s in both dissolved-phase peaks are detectable at residual volume and total lung capacity.
11:18 | 0818. | Single-Breath Gas and Dissolved-Phase 129Xe MRI in Healthy Subjects Using a 3D Radial Sequence: Effect of Posture on Signal Distribution Suryanarayanan S. Kaushik1,2, Matthew S. Freeman2,3, Zackary I. Cleveland2,4, Rohan S. Virgincar2, Scott H. Robertson2,3, John Davies5, Jane Stiles6, William Michael Foster6, H. Page McAdams4, and Bastiaan Driehuys2,4 1Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States, 2Center For In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States, 3Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States, 4Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States, 5Respiratory Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States, 6Pulmonary Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States In addition to its alveolar gas-phase resonance (0 ppm), 129Xe dissolved in the pulmonary tissues gives rise to distinct resonances in the barrier tissue (197 ppm) and red blood cells (211 ppm). To quantify this dissolved 129Xe distribution, the gas-phase image should be acquired in the same breath. To this end, we describe an interleaved 3D-radial acquisition that acquires isotropic images of both the dissolved and gas-phase 129Xe. Using this acquisition, we probe the effect of the supine and prone posture on the dissolved-phase signal distribution.
11:30 | 0819. | Diffusion-Weighted Hyperpolarized Helium-3 and Xenon-129 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Elderly Never-Smokers and Ex-Smokers with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Miranda Kirby1, Sarah Svenningsen1, Alexei V. Ouriadov1, Giles E. Santyr1, David G. McCormack2, and Grace Parraga1 1Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada, 2Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Our objective was to compare hyperpolarized helium-3 (3He) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) and xenon-129 (129Xe) ADC with a b-value of 12s/cm2, 20s/cm2 and 30s/cm2 in the same healthy volunteers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ex-smokers to determine which b-value associated with 129Xe ADC provides the greatest relationship with 3He ADC and standard measures of lung function. For all subjects, 3He ADC was significantly correlated with 129Xe ADCb=12 (r=.98, p<.0001) and ADCb=20 (r=.91, p=.002). DLCO was significantly correlated with 3He ADC (r=-1.00, p<.0001), 129Xe ADCb=12 (r=-.98, p<.0001) and 129Xe ADCb=20 (r=-.89, p=.003).
11:42 | 0820. | Characterization of 3He Diffusion in Lungs Using a Stretched Exponential Model Juan Parra-Robles1, Helen Marshall1, and Jim M. Wild1 1Unit of Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom In this work, the anomalous diffusion stretched-exponential model is used to describe multi b-value 3He MRI diffusion data from normal volunteers and COPD patients. Our results show that this model may provide a robust measure of changes in lung structure due to disease that is valid over a range of experimental conditions. This seems to indicate that the heterogeneity index is insensitive to a range of uncertainties in experimental conditions but sensitive to changes in lung structure due to COPD/emphysema.
11:54 | 0821. | A Multiple-Breath 3He Wash-In Regimen to Reduce the Limitation of 3He PAO2-Imaging Due to Delayed Ventilation and Slow Filling Hooman Hamedani1, Stephen J. Kadlececk1, Biao Han1, Kiarash Emami1, Yi Xin1, Masaru Ishii2, Milton Rossman3, and Rahim Rizi1 1Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 2Otolarynology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 3Pulmonary, allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States The precision of hyperpolarized pAO2-imaging is diminished by abnormal flows that may occur during the required breath-hold, which can then result in implausible, non-physiologic values. It is shown here that a sequence of progressive breaths of hyperpolarized 3He prior to the pAO2-imaging not only improves the level of signal-to-noise, but also produces a more uniform distribution of imaging gas in parenchyma, ultimately resulting in more reasonable pAO2-maps. In addition, filling the poorly ventilated regions of the lung by progressive wash-in breaths provides information about these regions that is unavailable due to lack of signal when using the single-breath protocols.
12:06 | 0822. | Long-Time-Scale Hyperpolarized 3He Diffusion MRI Is More Sensitive Than Short-Time-Scale 3He Diffusion MRI for Detecting COPD Chengbo Wang1,2, John P. Mugler, III2,3, Eduard E. De Lange2, G Wilson Miller2, and Talissa A. Altes2 1Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China, 2Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, CHARLOTTESVLE, Virginia, United States, 3Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, CHARLOTTESVLE, Virginia, United States Co-registered axial helium-3 apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were obtained in 24 healthy subjects and 15 patients with COPD using both short-time scale (STS) and long-time scale (LTS) techniques. Global histograms of all pixel-wise ADC values from all subjects showed a better separation of the COPD subjects from the healthy subjects for the LTS technique compared to the STS technique. A ROC analysis indicated that the LTS ADC method has a greater area under the ROC curve (LTS: 0.920 vs. STS: 0.849), suggesting that the LTS ADC is more sensitive to COPD than the STS ADC.
12:18 | 0823. | Effect of Pulmonary Hysteresis on Airspace Dimensions During Positive End Expiratory Pressure Trials in Mechanically Ventilated Rats Using Hyperpolarized Gas Diffusion MRI Maurizio Cereda1, Yi Xin2, Kiarash Emami2, Jessie Huang2, Jennia Rajaei2, Harrilla Profka2, Biao Han2, Puttisarn Mongkolwisetwara2, Stephen J. Kadlececk2, Nicholas N. Kuzma2, Stephen B. Pickup2, Brian Kavanagh3, Clifford Deutschman1, and Rahim Rizi2 1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 2Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 3Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Using hyperpolarized gas MRI, we provide evidence supporting the role of airspace recruitment, rather than expansion, in ventilated healthy rats without atelectasis. Our results showed that hysteresis was associated with a decrease in the size of ventilated airspaces. These results, obtained through imaging, are relevant because they contribute to the clarification of a controversial physiological mechanism. Furthermore, this study provides an additional rationale for investigating strategies that may minimize pulmonary stress.