ISMRM 21st Annual Meeting & Exhibition ○ 20-26 April 2013 ○ Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
SCIENTIFIC SESSION
Flow Quantification Monday 22 April 2013
Room 150 AG | 14:15 - 16:15 | Moderators: | Karin G. Markenroth Bloch, Ian Marshall
14:15 | 0062. | A Direct Calculation of Hemodynamic Energy Loss in the Presence of Abnormal Aortic Flow Alex J. Barker1, Krishna C. Bandi2, Julio Garcia1, Pim van Ooij1, Patrick McCarthy2, James C. Carr1, S Chris Malaisrie2, and Michael Markl1 1Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States, 2Cardiac Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States In this study, the measurement of viscous energy loss, a parameter which is directly responsible for increased cardiac afterload and is independent of pressure recovery effects, was used to quantify LV loading in the presence of aortic valve disease (AVD). A theoretical basis for the technique is presented and applied in-vivo using 4D flow MRI in a range of healthy, dilated aorta, and aortic stenosis (AS) subjects (n=26). Abnormal flow features, combined with systolic flow jets and flow-jet/wall impingement, resulted in statistically elevated energy loss for dilated (0.08±0.02W, p=0.011) and AS patients (0.81±0.42W, p<0.001), compared to healthy volunteers (0.05±0.02W).
14:27 | 0063. | 4D Flow MRI for Non-Invasive Assessment of Mesenteric Ischemia Oliver Wieben1,2, Alejandro Roldán-Alzate2, Scott B. Reeder1,2, Mark L. Schiebler2, Scott K. Nagle2, Charles W. Acher3, Ben Ray Landgraf2, Thomas M. Grist2, and Christopher J. Francois2 1Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 2Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 3Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States This pilot study investigates the use of 4D flow MRI to improve diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia by providing simultaneous anatomical depiction and functional assessment of the hemodynamics before and after a meal challenge. MR Flow data from a meal challenge are presented for eight patients suspected of mesenteric ischemia, demonstrating high potential to improve diagnostics and therapeutic decision making in this challenging diagnosis.
14:39 | 0064. | New Insights in the Disagreement of Transvalvular Mean Pressure Gradient Measured by Transthoracic Echo-Doppler and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Patients with Aortic Stenosis Julio Garcia1, Romain Capoulade2, Lyes Kadem3, Eric Larose2, and Philippe Pibarot2 1Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States, 2Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, 3Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Transvalvular mean pressure gradient (MPG) measured by CMR often underestimates echo-Doppler MPG. This underestimation might be due to physical factors as flow turbulence generated downstream the severe AS, local signal loss, background noise and phase wrap. However fluid dynamic parameters may play also a significant role in the MPG measurement by CMR. The aims of this study were to identify the fluid dynamic factors associated with MPG underestimation by CMR and to investigate the association of those factors in the AS severity assessment by CMR.
14:51 | 0065. | Evaluation and Validation of Pulse Wave Velocity Measurements from 2D and 4D PC MRI in Swine with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Initial Results Andrew L. Wentland1,2, Thomas M. Grist2,3, Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam4, Christian G. Krueger4, Patrick E. McBride5, Jennifer J. Meudt4, Jess D. Reed4, and Oliver Wieben1,2 1Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, United States, 2Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, United States, 3Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 4Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States, 5Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, United States The purpose of this study was to evaluate pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements derived from 2D and 4D phase contrast MRI in swine with hypercholesterolemia and to compare these measurements to those derived from gold standard pressure probes. Bland-Altman analysis revealed relatively small differences between the MR and pressure probe PWV values; there was less variability with the 4D PWV measurements than with the 2D techniques. Correlation to pressure probe measurements was stronger with the 4D technique than with the 2D techniques. The 4D acquisition provides a promising means of computing PWV in a swine model of atherosclerosis.
15:03 | 0066. | High Temporal-Resolution Three-Directional Velocity Measurements in a Single Breath-Hold Using EPI and Direct Inversion Ning Jin1, Rizwan Ahmad2, Yu Ding2, Sven Zuehlsdorff3, and Orlando P. Simonetti2,4 1Siemens Healthcare, Columbus, OH, United States, 2Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, 3Siemens Healthcare, Chicago, IL, United States, 4Department of Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States A novel echo-planar (EPI) implementation of balanced four-point velocity encoded PC-MRI for rapid, breath-hold acquisition of three-directional velocity data with high temporal resolution is presented. A direct inversion with regularized least square estimation of velocities from the acquired phase data is used to increase temporal resolution by a factor of four. The combined approach enables simultaneous measurements of vx, vy, and vz with an effective temporal resolution of 14.5 ms within a single breath-hold.
15:15 | 0067. | 4D UTE Flow: A Novel 4D Ultra-Short TE Phase-Contrast MRI Technique for Assessment of Flow and Hemodynamics Mo Kadbi1, Melanie S. Traughber2, Peter Martin2, and Amir A. Amini1 1Elect. and Comp. Eng., University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States, 2Philips healthcare, Highland Heights, OH, United States 4-D flow MRI has been recently investigated in several studies for quantitative flow assessment and visualization of complex flow pattern. Conventional 4-D PC MRI is not promising technique in the presence atherosclerotic disease and vascular stenosis due to intravoxel dephasing secondary to disturbed blood flow, and turbulence distal to narrowing often resulting in flow-related artifacts. Ultra-short TE (UTE) PC MRI revealed a shorter TE and improvement in flow quantification in disturbed and turbulent blood flow in through-plane direction . To take advantage of 4-D flow MRI as well as short TE, UTE technique was combined with 4D flow imaging and a 4-D UTE PC MRI technique was investigated. The fusibility of this technique for comprehensive flow assessment in healthy carotid artery compared to conventional 4-D PC MRI was studied.
15:27 | 0068. | High-Resolution, High-SNR Velocity Maps Reconstructed from Low-Resolution Fourier Velocity Encoded MRI Data Vinicius de Carvalho Rispoli1,2 and Joao L. A. Carvalho1 1Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil, 2UnB-Gama Faculty, University of Brasília, Gama, DF, Brazil Fourier velocity encoding (FVE) provides considerably higher SNR than phase contrast, and is robust to partial-volume effects. FVE typically presents low spatial resolution, due to scan-time restrictions associated with its higher dimensionality. FVE is capable of providing the velocity distribution associated with a large voxel, but does not directly provides a velocity map. We propose a method for deriving high spatial resolution velocity maps from low-resolution FVE data. Experiments using numerical phantoms, as well as simulated spiral FVE data derived from real phase contrast data, show that it is possible to obtain reasonably accurate velocities maps from low-resolution FVE distributions.
15:39 | 0069. | Analysis of Thermal Stability of Background Phase Errors in Phase-Contrast Flow Imaging Julia Busch1, Signe Johanna Vannesjo1, Christoph Barmet1,2, Klaas P. Pruessmann1, and Sebastian Kozerke1,3 1Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 2Skope Magnetic Resonance Technologies, Zurich, Switzerland, 3Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom Background phase errors of various spatial and temporal orders limit the accuracy of phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Current calibration techniques can compensate for them almost completely; however, they require the MR system to be temporally stable. In the present work we analyze the stability of background phase errors under thermal changes of the gradient system as it may occur for scans of long duration and high duty-cycle. Measurement of the gradient impulse response function shows a shift in frequency of the oscillatory field fluctuations with increasing temperature which results in a change of 0th and 1st order field offsets.
15:51 | 0070. | 4 Dimensional, Single Step Laplacian Algorithm for Phase Unwrapping in 4D MR Flow Michael Loecher1, Oliver Wieben1,2, and Kevin M. Johnson1 1Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 2Radiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States This study applies a single-step Laplacian based unwrapping algorithm to 4D-Flow MRI. The Laplacian operation is extended to all 4 dimensions to solve for a continuous phase field in space and time. Digital flow phantom experiments show the improved performance for varying SNR and VENC settings, and in vivo measurement with significant wrapping are shown to be successfully unwrapped.