ISMRM 24th Annual Meeting & Exhibition • 07-13 May 2016 • Singapore

Electronic Poster Session: Cardiovascular 2

3102 -3122 Novel Cardiovascular Techniques
3123 -3146 Myocardial Perfusion & Function
3147 -3170 Myocardial Tissue Characterisation

Exhibition Hall 

17:30 - 18:30

    Computer #

 
3102.   
1 Accelerated 3D self-gated cardiac cine imaging at 3T using a tiny golden angle and compressed sensing
Xiaoyong Zhang1,2, Guoxi Xie2, Yanchun Zhu2, Zijun Wei2, Caiyun Shi2, Shi Su2, Fei Yan2, Hairong Zheng2, Bensheng Qiu1, Xin Liu2, and Zhaoyang Fan3
1University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China, People's Republic of, 2Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China, People's Republic of, 3Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
An accelerated self-gating (SG) technique, SparseSG, was developed to realize whole-heart coverage of 3D cardiac cine imaging at 3T without ECG and breath-holding. Preliminary in vivo study demonstrated that a whole heart coverage of 3D cine imaging can be achieved within 1 min and the technique had excellent performance compared to the standard ECG-triggering and conventional SG methods.

 

 
3103.   
2 Two-Dimensional Respiratory-Motion Characterization for Continuous MR Measurements Using Pilot Tone Navigation
Lea Schroeder1, Jens Wetzl1,2, Andreas Maier1,2, Robert Rehner3, Matthias Fenchel4, and Peter Speier4
1Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany, 2Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany, 3Magnetic Resonance, Research and Development, Hardware, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany, 4Magnetic Resonance, Product Definition and Innovation, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
Pilot Tone signals, generated by a commercial signal generator and received with standard MR local coils, were analyzed for multidimensional respiratory information. The ground truth for respiratory motion in two orthogonal directions ($$$\boldsymbol{g}_{SI}$$$ and $$$\boldsymbol{g}_{AP}$$$), generated by sagittal image streams of the right liver dome using standard fluoroscopic sequences, showed excellent correlation with the PT signal derived from a separate measurement (for $$$\boldsymbol{g}_{SI}$$$: 0.90 $$$\pm$$$0.13; for $$$\boldsymbol{g}_{AP}$$$: 0.82 $$$\pm$$$0.21). Our results demonstrate that PT navigation can provide two-dimensional characterization of regular and irregular respiratory motion without interfering with the MR measurement.

 

 
3104.   
3 Fetal Cardiac MRI with self-gated iGRASP
Kostas Haris1,2, Erik Hedstrom2,3, Sebastian Bidhult2, Frederik Testud4, George Kantasis1,2, Henrik Engblom2, Marcus Carlsson2, Nicos Maglaveras1, Einar Heiberg2, Stefan R Hansson5, Hakan Arheden2, and Anthony H Aletras1,2
1Laboratory of Medical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, 2Lund Cardiac MR Group, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 3Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 4Siemens Healthcare AB, Malmoe, Sweden,5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of CINE fetal MRI within a breath-hold with self-gated retrospective binning applied with continuous golden angle radial sampling and iGRASP acceleration. A bSSFP radial acquisition scheme was applied with 0.7x0.7mm2 in-plane resolution and a small golden angle of 23.1o. A total of 3800 radial spokes were acquired within a breath hold of 15s. Cardiac triggering was obtained from the centers of the readouts via Principal Component Analysis. The final images were obtained by using iGRASP. Good quality CINE images from the fetus in the third trimester were acquired.

 

 
3105.   
4 Cardiac Phase-Resolved B1 Mapping at 3T
Sebastian Weingartner1,2,3, Greg Metzger2, Pierre-Francois Van de Moortele2, and Mehmet Akcakaya1,2
1Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 2Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,3Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
For various cardiac MRI appications, having B1 maps that are cardiac phase-resolved may be beneficial at high fields.  In this work, we developa retrospectively ECG-gated sequence based on the actual flip angle imaging technique for 2D cardiac phase-resolved B1 mapping at 3T. 

 

 
3106.   
5 CMR Assessment of an Isoproterenol Infusion Mouse Model of Myocardial Hypertrophy and Fibrosis
Haiying Tang1, Matthew Fronheiser1, Harold Malone1, Paul Sleph2, Adrienne Pena1, Thomas Petrone1, Thomas Bradstreet1, Patrick Chow1, Lei Zhao2, David Gordon2, Feng Luo3, and Wendy Hayes1
1Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States, 2Bristol Myers Squibb, Hopewell, NJ, United States, 3Bristol Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT, United States
Recent advances in cardiovascular MRI (CMR) technologies such as T1-mapping or extracellular volume (ECV) fraction (derived from T1-mapping) offer robust techniques to assess diffuse fibrosis in patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure. In the present study, CMR assessment of myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy was evaluated in an isoproterenol infusion model in Balb/c mice. The CMR techniques including T1-mapping and the ECV quantification provide a translational non-invasive imaging marker to assess diffuse myocardial fibrosis, and the potential to evaluate efficacy of anti-fibrosis treatment.

 

 
3107.   
6 Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Treatment of in Vivo Rabbit Model Aneurysms
Mark David Meadowcroft1,2, Timothy Cooper3, Michele Ferenci2, Elizabeth B Neely1, Ephraim Church1, Thaddeus Wright1, Sebastian Rupprecht2, Weimin kang1, Jenelle Tretter3, Qing X Yang2, Robert E Harbaugh1, James R Connor1, and James Mcinerney1
1Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States, 2Radiology, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States,3Comparative Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
Current treatment options for un-ruptured intracranial aneurysms typically include open clipping, endovascular embolization, or observation. We undertook this study to examine the effects of GKRS on an in vivo rabbit aneurysm model.  Involution of aneurysms after GKRS could provide a safer and more cost-effective treatment alternative for patients harboring un-ruptured intracranial aneurysms.  The results of the study reveal a 40 percent reduction in aneurysm total volume, internal volume, and surface area over the 24-month period.  Targeted GKRS is successful in promoting histological and hemodynamic changes to the rabbit carotid aneurysm, linearly reducing size over time.  

 

 
3108.   
7 Assessment of longitudinal reproducibility of mice LV functional parameters @11.7T derived from self-gated CINE MRI
Zhi Zuo1,2,3, Anne Subgang2,3, Alireza Abaei3, Gen-shan Ma1, and Volker Rasche2,3
1Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China, People's Republic of, 2Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany,3Core Facility Small Animal MRI, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as the most accurate imaging modality for noninvasive assessments of left ventricular (LV) structure and function in mice. However, data on the longitudinal variability of LV systolic function assessment in mice is still limited. In this contribution, a one year follow-up of the longitudinal reproducibility of the LV function and mass has been performed at 11.7T with self-gated CINE MRI. The investigated protocol was proven reliable for the evaluation of EF, EDV, ESV, SV and LVM data.

 

 
3109.   
8 In Vivo Cardiac DTI on a 3T Clinical Scanner: An Optimized M2 Approach
Christopher Nguyen1, Zhaoyang Fan1, Yibin Xie1, Jianing Pang1, Xiaoming Bi2, Peter Speier3, Jon Kobashigawa4, and Debiao Li1,5
1Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2MR R&D, Siemens Healthcare, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 3Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany, 4Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 5Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Optimized second order motion compensated (M2) diffusion tensor prepared cardiac magnetic resonance (DT-CMR) was applied in healthy volunteers and heart failure patients at 3T. The pulse sequence design focused on B1 robustness at high main field. In healthy volunteers, the proposed M2 DT-CMR was compared to zero order (M0) and first order (M1) motion compensations. In addition, heart rate dependency of the proposed M2 DT-CMR was explored with contextual comparison to M0 and M1. M2 DT-CMR was the only technique capable of application in heart failure patients without bulk motion artifacts. 

 

 
3110.   
9 Comparison Between Spin Echo and Stimulated Echo Diffusion Encoding for Diffusion-Weighted Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (DW-CMR) at 3T
Christopher Nguyen1, Peter Speier2, Xiaoming Bi3, and Debiao Li1,4
1Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany, 3Siemens Healthcare, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 4Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Clinical application of diffusion-weighted cardiac magnetic resonance (DW-CMR) has demonstrated promise in detecting and characterizing the tissue microphysiology and/or microstructure.  The aim of this study is to compare a recently developed SE diffusion-prepared approach with a conventional STE DW-CMR technique in normal volunteers on a 3T system. M2-SE derived MD values were significantly higher than STE derived values despite the same prescribed b-value and the difference is not dependent on heart rate. Both DW-CMR techniques were reproducible and motion corruption was seen to be overall less in M2-SE.

 

 
3111.   
10 Diffusion Tractography of the Entire Heart using Free-Breathing Accelerated Simultaneous Multislice Imaging - Video Not Available
Choukri Mekkaoui1, Timothy G Reese1, Marcel P Jackowski2, Stephen F Cauley1, Kawin Setsompop1, William J Kostis3, Himanshu Bhat4, and David E Sosnovik1
1Harvard Medical School - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 2University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 3Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States, 4Siemens Healthcare, Boston, MA, United States
We introduce an approach to perform free-breathing DTI and tractography of the whole heart based on simultaneous multislice excitation, sequential reordering of the diffusion-encoding gradients, combined with a retrospective entropy-based image alignment and selection method. The approach was tested in 7 healthy volunteers, in whom breath-hold and free-breathing scans were performed. Coherent tracts of the entire heart could be derived in all cases, and no significant differences were seen in mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, or myofiber helix angle. Accelerated free-breathing DTI of the entire heart could be performed in less than 15 minutes without significant loss of image quality.

 

 
3112.   
11 Transmural heterogeneity of in-vivo whole heart diffusion parameters: architecture, physiology or artifact? - Permission Withheld
Martijn Froeling1, Tim Leiner1, Laura W M Vergoossen2, Eibert A ten Hove2, Aart J Nederveen3, Gustav J Strijkers4, and Peter R Luijten1
1Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 3Radiology, AMC Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands,4Biomedical Engineering & Physics, AMC Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
A recent study by McGill et al. showed in-vivo spatial and transmural heterogeneity of cardiac diffusion parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the origin of DWI-parameter heterogeneity using whole heart in- and ex-vivo SE-DWI. Based on our results, transmural heterogeneity is partially explained by variations in transmural and spatial perfusion signal fraction and, partially seems to have its origin in cardiac architecture during systole.

 

 
3113.   
12 Comprehensive comparison of in- and ex-vivo whole heart fiber architecture: similar yet different
Martijn Froeling1, Gustav J Strijkers2, Laura W M Vergoossen3, Eibert A ten Hove3, Aart J Nederveen4, Tim Leiner1, and Peter R Luijten1
1Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2Biomedical Engineering & Physics, AMC Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 3Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 4Radiology, AMC Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive description of whole heart in-vivo myocardial fiber architecture using the fiber architecture matrix, and to validate results using ex-vivo and simulated data. We showed that whole heart fiber architecture described by the FAM can be obtained from in-vivo DWI. However, compared to ex-vivo data the direction of ε2 and ε3 are exchanged.

 

 
3114.   
13 Second-order motion-compensated spin echo diffusion tensor imaging of the in vivo human heart – considerations on gradient performance requirements
Christian T Stoeck1,2, Constantin von Deuster1,2, and Sebastian Kozerke1,2
1King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 2University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
In vivo cardiac DTI using spin-echoes has been demonstrated on MR systems equipped with powerful gradients. In this study we investigate the dependency of helix and transverse angle error on maximum gradient amplitude for second order motion compensated diffusion encoding of the in-vivo heart. Root-mean-square errors for helix and transverse angles were 15.0±3.7°, 11.0±1.8°, 10.3±2.4°, and 11.7±3.8°, 9.0±2.0°, 8.1±2.2° for gradient strengths of 30mT/m, 40mT/m and 60mT/m when compared to data obtained at 74.5 mT/m gradient strength. From the data it is concluded that second order motion compensated diffusion encoding allows for in vivo cardiac DTI even on MR systems with standard gradient amplitudes of 40 mT/m.

 

 
3115.   
14 A comparison of M012 compensated spin-echo and STEAM cardiac DTI at multiple cardiac phases
Andrew David Scott1,2, Sonia Nielles-Vallespin1,3, Pedro Ferreira1,2, Peter Gatehouse1,2, Zohya Khalique1, Philip Kilner1,2, Dudley Pennell1,2, and David Firmin1,2
1Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Foundation NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom, 2National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, 3National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
In-vivo cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (cDTI) performed with a stimulated echo (STEAM) sequence is considered strain sensitive and low SNR. Alternatively, motion compensated spin-echo (M012-SE) sequences are thought to be strain insensitive and high SNR, but suffer from long echo times and short mixing times.  In this work we compare the reliability of and the cDTI parameters derived from STEAM and M012-SE data in 20 volunteers at mutliple points in the cardiac cycle on a standard clinical scanner.  We show systematic differences between the sequences and show that there are few correlations between these differences and strain and/or T1/T2. 

 

 
3116.   
15 Convex Optimized Diffusion Encoding (CODE) Gradient Waveforms for Bulk Motion Compensated Cardiac Diffusion Weighted MRI
Eric Aliotta1,2, Holden H Wu1,2, and Daniel B Ennis1,2
1Radiological Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Biomedical Physics IDP, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Bulk motion compensated diffusion encoding is critical for accurately measuring diffusion in the heart. However, the diffusion encoding gradient waveforms required to suppress bulk motion artifacts can extend TE and limit SNR. We have developed a Convex Optimized Diffusion Encoding (CODE) framework to design time-optimal, motion compensated diffusion encoding gradients that remove sequence dead times and minimize TE. CODE gradients were designed and implemented for cardiac DWI on a 3.0T clinical scanner in healthy volunteers and patients. CODE reduced bulk motion artifacts compared with conventional monopolar encoding.

 

 
3117.   
16 Right Ventricular Myofiber Architecture
Benoit Scherrer1, Amara Majeed2, Onur Afacan1, Jolene M. Singh1, Simon K. Warfield1, and Stephen P. Sanders2
1Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, 2Departments of Cardiology and Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
While the left ventricle (LV) myofiber architecture has been studied extensively, there have been fewer studies of right ventricle (RV) myofiber architecture, and there is no established convention for reporting RV myofiber anatomy. Establishing the normal RV myofiber architecture is critical to facilitate our understanding of the impact of congenital microstructural defects in diseased hearts. In this work, we fixed a juvenile swine heart and imaged it with magnetic resonance diffusion compartment imaging (MR-DCI). We describe the detailed myofiber pattern of the RV with both MR-DCI and stained histological microscopy, and propose a standardized convention for describing the myofiber anatomy.

 

 
3118.   
17 Mapping Dynamic Myocardial Fibre Reorientation in Dilated Cardiomyopathy using Dual-Phase In-Vivo Cardiac Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Constantin von Deuster1,2, Eva Sammut1, Christian T. Stoeck1,2, Reza Razavi1, and Sebastian Kozerke1,2
1Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
In vivo cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was employed to study dynamic alterations of myocardial microstructure in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) relative to healthy controls using dual-phase cardiac DTI. A reduction in dynamic change of fiber orientation between diastole and systole compared to the controls was observed. Steeper diastolic helix angles in DCM patients relative to controls were associated with a larger pre-stretch of the left ventricle. It is speculated that this larger pre-stretch alongside with reduced myocyte shortening compromises the ability to dynamically reorient fiber aggregates during systolic contraction.

 

 
3119.   
18 Assessing non-Gaussian diffusion in cardiac tissue
Darryl McClymont1, Irvin Teh1, Hannah Whittington1, Vicente Grau2, and Jurgen Schneider1
1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Non-Gaussian diffusion MRI allows the quantification of diffusion signals that deviate from mono-exponential decay. In cardiac MRI, very little has been reported on non-Gaussian models. In this work, the diffusion tensor, stretched exponential, bi-exponential, and diffusion kurtosis models were fit to data from fixed rat hearts. Performance was measured using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). All models demonstrated the presence of non-Gaussian diffusion, particularly in the right ventricle. The bi-exponential model fit the data best and had the lowest AIC. Non-Gaussian diffusion was greater perpendicular, rather than parallel, to cardiac fibers, corresponding to greater restrictions to diffusion.

 

 
3120.   
19 Quantification of residual motion in diffusion-weighted cardiac MR (DW-CMR):  objective quality metrics and validation using 3 diffusion encoding schemes under free breathing conditions.
Kévin Moulin1,2, Alban Chazot3, Pierre Croisille1,3, and Magalie Viallon1,3
1CREATIS, Université de Lyon ; CNRS UMR5220 ; Inserm U1044 ; INSA-Lyon ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France, 2Siemens Healthcare France, Paris, France, 3Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint- Etienne, Université Jean-Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
DW-CMR remains challenging due to respiratory and heart motion. Recent developments in cardiac diffusion imaging proposed Acceleration Motion Compensation (AMC) spin echoes encoding scheme to tackle cardiac motion. In addition, free breathing acquisition with prospective motion correction like slice following technique has been shown to reduce efficiently and significantly the scan time. Here, we proposed a method to quantify the remaining cardiac or breathing motion corruption in DW-CMR measurement and we evaluated it using 3 diffusion encoding scheme: AMC, Stjekal-Tanner and Twice Refocused Spin Echo. Error maps were also compared to physiological motion indicators: cardiac motion using strain measurement and breathing phase using navigator information.

 

 
3121.   
 
20 Physiological Parameters Measurements of Normal and Infarcted Myocardium with Ultrasound and MR imaging - Permission Withheld
Tamer Mohamed1, Yu Huang1, Maythem Saeed2, Deepark Srivastava1, and Sergey Magnitsky3
1Gladstone Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States, 2UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States, 3Radiology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
In this study we compared two in vivo imaging techniques to obtain anatomical and physiological parameters of mice hart. Our results suggest that measurements of enjection fraction and mass of left ventricle were easier and cheaper with ultrasound echocardiography however evaluation of a scar tissue and re-muscularization of infarcted myocardium are only possible with MRI method

 

 
3122.   
21 Applying Origami Coil Design for Deployable Intra-cardiac MRI Catheter - Video Not Available
Austin James Taylor1, Zion Tse1, Ehud Schmidt2, Matthew Miller1, Mable Fok1, and Kent Nilsson3
1Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States, 2Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 3Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
Catheter ablation is a common electrophysiological (EP) procedure to treat irregular heart rhythm conditions, such as atrial fibrillation.  Catheter ablation can be assisted through the use of imaging coils under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which provides a roadmap for preoperative preparation and intraoperative catheter navigation. Intra-cardiac imaging coils allow for ablated lesions to be observed in real time with excellent soft tissue contrast, providing electrophysiologists better control over the result of the procedure.  We present a novel catheter design which integrates a unique origami deployable mechanism for enabling parallel MR imaging in MRI guided  EP procedures.
Exhibition Hall 

17:30 - 18:30

    Computer #

 
3123.   
25 Short-breath hold cine DENSE
Andrew David Scott1,2, Upasana Tayal1,2, Sonia Nielles-Vallespin1,3, Pedro Ferreira1,2, Xiaodong Zhong4, Frederick Epstein5, Sanjay Prasad1,2, and David Firmin1,2
1NIHR funded Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom, 2National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,3National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States, 4MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, United States, 5University of Virginia, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Charlottesville, VA, United States
Displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) can provide valuable strain information, but acquisitions are typically too long for patient cohorts who have difficulty breath holding. In this work we accelerate 2D cine spiral DENSE acquisitions by selectively exciting a small field of view around the heart. We compare strain data derived from DENSE acquired with unaccelerated and up to 2.5x acceleration in a cohort of healthy subjects and show minimal differences when the acquisition is accelerated. We also show an example from a patient with a myocardial infarction where the accelerated DENSE data shows abnormal strain in the infarcted regions.

 

 
3124.   
26 Biventricular Cardiac Mechanics in Healthy Subjects using 3D Spiral Cine DENSE and Mesh-Free Strain Analysis
Jonathan D Suever1,2, Gregory J Wehner3, Christopher M Haggerty1,2, Linyuan Jing1,2, David K Powell3, Sean M Hamlet4, Jonathan D Grabau2, Dimitri Mojsejenko2, and Brandon K Fornwalt1,2,3
1Institute for Advanced Application, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States, 2Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States, 3Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States, 4Electrical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
Cardiac mechanics have been extensively characterized in the left ventricle (LV). However, the right ventricle (RV) is rarely studied due to both acquisition and post-processing challenges. In this study, we combined 3D displacement-encoded (DENSE) imaging with custom post-processing that utilizes a local coordinate system to extract advanced measures of cardiac mechanics in an effort to characterize healthy biventricular function. We found that torsion as well as circumferential and longitudinal strain vary throughout the RV, but globally were comparable to their LV counterparts. This data can be used to better understand how biventricular function is disrupted by disease.

 

 
3125.   
27 Myocardial Strain Analysis With CMR in Breast Cancer Patients with Iatrogenic Cardiotoxicity Using Heart Deformation Analysis: Comparison to DENSE
Abraham Bogachkov1, Kai Lin2, Ahmadreza Ghasemiesfe2, Amir Ali Rahsepar3, Bruce Spottiswoode3, Ben Freed4, Michael Markl2, James Carr2, and Jeremy Collins2
1Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States, 2Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States, 3Cardiovascular MR R&D, Siemens Healthcare, Chicago, IL, United States, 4Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
Strain imaging at cardiac MR has been shown to be a powerful tool in the pre-clinical detection of early cardiac dysfunction in the heart failure population, but has been only minimally studied in cardiotoxicity patients. This study evaluated a semi-automatic heart deformation analysis (HDA) tool in the assessment of left ventricular myocardial strain in patients with known cardiotoxicity, and found very good to excellent agreement with global strain values calculated using displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE). HDA analysis of conventional cine sequences has the potential to play a significant role in the evaluation of patients at risk for cardiotoxicity.

 

 
3126.   
28 Free-breathing 2D cine DENSE MRI using localized signal generation, image-based navigators, motion compensation and compressed sensing
Xiaoying Cai1, Xiao Chen2, Yang Yang1, Michael Salerno3, Daniel S. Weller4, Craig H. Meyer1, and Frederick H. Epstein1
1Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States, 2Medical Imaging Technologies, Siemens Healthcare, Princeton, NJ, United States, 3University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States, 4Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
Current cine DENSE protocols require breath-holding, which limits the use of this technique to patients with good breath-holding capabilities and excludes many pediatric and heart failure patients.  To accomplish free-breathing scans with high efficiency and quality, we developed a 2D cine DENSE acquisition and reconstruction framework that utilizes localized signal generation, image-based self-navigated motion estimation, k-space motion correction and compressed sensing. Reconstructions and Bland-Altman analysis from 5 volunteers demonstrated that the proposed method recovered high-quality images and strain data from free-breathing data, showing better agreement than conventional reconstructions of the same data with breath-holding scans. 

 

 
3127.   
29 Effect of Respiratory Suspension on the Computation of Left Ventricular (LV) Volume and Rate of Volume Change (dV/dt)-based Diastolic Indices with Echocardiography as a Reference
Amol Pednekar1, Jiming Zhang2, Debra Dees3, Benjamin Y Cheong3, and Raja Muthupillai3
1Phillips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH, United States, 2Diagnostic and interventional Radiology, CHI St Luke's Health, Houston, TX, United States, 3Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, CHI St Luke's Health, Houston, TX, United States
Diastolic functional indices based on trans-mitral blood flow velocities are pre-load dependent and early diastolic filling can be diminished by activities such as inspiration or Valsalva maneuver.  Cardiac cine MR images are typically acquired during suspended respiration and thus could induce systemic bias. In this study, we evaluate the impact of respiratory suspension on the computation of volume-based diastolic indices using peak velocity-based Doppler echo measurements as the reference. The volume based diastolic indices derived from high temporal resolution cine MR correlated well with velocity based E/A ratio from echo while indicating the direct impact of respiratory suspension.

 

 
3128.   
30 Peak Filling Rates assessed by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging indicate Diastolic Dysfunction from Myocardial Iron Toxicity
Jin Yamamura1, Sarah Keller1, Roland Fischer2,3, Regine Grosse4, Gregory Kurio3, Gunnar Lund1, Joachim Graessner5, Gerhard Adam1, and Bjoern Schoennagel1
1Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, 2Biochemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,3Department of Radiology, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, United States, 4Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, 5Siemens Healthcare, Hamburg, Germany
The diastolic peak filling rate ratio (PFRR) is a sensitive marker to indicate diastolic dysfunction from myocardial iron toxicity in patients with systemic iron overload disease. Precise assessment of the PFRR by CMR requires a volumetric approach with exclusion of trabeculae and papillary muscles from the LV cavity. The PFRR assessed by CMR may be a valuable parameter for the screening and monitoring of myocardial iron toxicity due to iron deposition in patients with preserved systolic function.

 

 
3129.   
31 Exercise stress cardiac MR assessment of diastolic function in healthy volunteers and pulmonary hypertension
Thomas Kennedy1, Omid Forouzan2, Oliver Wieben1,3, Naomi C Chesler2, Jacob Macdonald3, and Christopher J Francois1
1Radiology, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 2Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 3Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI, United States
Dyspnea on exertion is a common manifestation of systolic and diastolic heart failure. Using an MRI-compatible exercise device allowing subjects to exercise while in the bore of the scanner, we assessed exercise-induced changes in diastolic transmitral flow in younger and older healthy volunteers and subjects with pulmonary hypertension. The measurements we obtained demonstrated decreased E/A ratios for older healthy volunteers and PH subjects when compared to younger healthy volunteers, however these differences were not statistically significant. 

 

 
3130.   
32 Quantitative, Time-efficient, Heart-Rate Independent Myocardial BOLD MRI with Whole-heart Coverage at 3T in a Canine Model of Coronary Stenosis with Simultaneous 13N-Ammonia PET Validation
Hsin-Jung Yang1, Damini Dey1, Jane Sykes2, John Butler2, Xiaoming Bi3, Behzad Sharif1, Sotirios Tsaftaris4, Debiao Li1, Piotr Slomka1, Frank Prato2, and Rohan Dharmakumar1
1Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Lawson Health Research Institute, london, ON, Canada, 3Siemens Healthcare, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 4IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
Current myocardial BOLD MR methods are limited by: (a) poor spatial coverage and imaging speed; (b) imaging confounders; and (c) imaging artifacts, particularly at 3T. To address these limitations, we developed a heart-rate independent, free-breathing 3D T2 mapping technique at 3T that utilizes near 100% imaging efficiency, which can be completed in 3 minutes with full LV coverage. We tested our method in a canine model of coronary stenosis and validated our findings with simultaneously acquired13N-ammonia PET perfusion data in a whole-body PET/MR system.

 

 
3131.   
33 Spiral SPIRIT Tissue Phase Mapping enables the acquisition of myocardial motion with high temporal and spatial resolution during breath-hold
Marius Menza1, Daniela Föll2, Jürgen Hennig1, and Bernd Jung3
1University Medical Center Freiburg, Dept. of Radiology - Medical Physics, Freiburg, Germany, 2University-Heart Center Freiburg, Cardiology und Angiology I, Freiburg, Germany, 3University Hospital Bern, Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Bern, Switzerland
MR Tissue Phase Mapping (TPM) is a powerful approach to assess left ventricular (LV) function. Conventional Cartesian acquisition-strategies with k-t-based parallel imaging acceleration allow the acquisition of a single slice within a breath-hold, but suffer from low spatial resolution. In this work a comparison with undersampled high-resolution spiral SPIRIT TPM for different trajectory designs within one breath-hold and free breathing Cartesian k-t-accelerated PEAK TPM is presented. High image quality, comparable peak velocity values and time to peaks of spiral SPIRIT TPM for high resolution within a breath-hold might enhance myocardial functional analysis.

 

 
3132.   
34 Comparison Between Radial and Cartesian Sampling Patterns in Accelerated Real-Time Cardiac Cine MRI
Elwin Bassett1, Ganesh Adluru2, Brent D. Wilson3, Cory Nitzel3, Tobias Block4, Hassan Haji-Valizadeh5, Edward VR DiBella2, and Daniel Kim2
1Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States, 2Radiology, UCAIR, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States, 3Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States, 4School of Medicine, Radiology, New York University, New York, NY, United States, 5Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
To date, no study has compared 12-fold accelerated real-time cine MRI with compressed sensing (CS) between Cartesian and radial k-space sampling schemes. We sought to compare their performance in patients and volunteers. We compared point spread functions (PSF) to determine which sampling pattern generates more incoherent aliasing artifacts. We also compared their performance in a group of 15 patients and one volunteer, where 3-fold accelerated product real-time MRI was used as reference. Two cardiologists independently graded images from each subject.

PSF analysis showed that radial produces more incoherent aliasing artifacts. Image quality was better for radial than Cartesian sampling schemes. 


 

 
3133.   
35 Wideband Cardiac MR Perfusion Pulse Sequence for Imaging Patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator
KyungPyo Hong1,2 and Daniel Kim1
1Radiology, UCAIR, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States, 2Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
Patients with end-stage heart failure (HF) often require advanced therapeutics, but current clinical profiles and biomarkers are not adequate for predicting outcomes. Myocardial perfusion reserve may be an important predictor, but it is technically challenging to perform perfusion MRI in patients with end-stage HF because they often have implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), which generates significant image artifacts. We developed a novel cardiac perfusion pulse sequence using a wideband saturation pulse. Compared with standard perfusion MRI, wideband perfusion MRI suppresses image artifacts induced by ICD.      

 

 
3134.   
36 Feature tracking imaging (FTI) for right ventricular strain assessment in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)
Yoshiaki Morita1, Naoaki Yamada1, Makoto Amaki2, Emi Tateishi2, Asuka Yamamoto2, Masahiro Higashi1, and Hiroaki Naito1
1Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan, 2Division of Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Right ventricular (RV) function has a significant impact on the prognosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), as it does with other forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH). In this study, we demonstrated that feature tracking imaging (FTI) is fast, simple, and has potential for clinical use for assessing RV strain in CTEPH. The global longitudinal strain (GLS) showed better correlation with the RV ejection fraction (RVEF) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP). FTI-derived strain measurement might offer a modality for good detection of RV dysfunction and repeatable monitoring after therapeutic intervention.

 

 
3135.   
37 Cardiac MR Assessment of Diastolic Function
Thomas Kennedy1, Niti Aggarwal2, Christopher Francois1, Mark Schiebler1, and Jeremy Collins3
1Radiology, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 2Cardiology, Univesity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, 3Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
Diastolic dysfunction is the primary cause of CHF in 40-60% of patients with heart failure in the United States and has been shown to lead to poor outcomes.  Early diagnosis and treatment of the causes of diastolic dysfunction is effective in relieving symptoms and reducing mortality. The non- invasive methods which can be used to assess diastolic function include cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. The purpose of this educational poster is to describe the CMR techniques which can be used to evaluate diastolic function and review the CMR findings of this disorder.

 

 
3136.   
38 Finite Element Digital Image Correlation for Cardiac Strain Analysis from 3D Whole-Heart Tagging
Martin Genet1,2, Christian T Stoeck3,4, Constantin von Deuster3,4, Lik Chuan Lee5, Julius M Guccione6, and Sebastian Kozerke3,4
1École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France, 2Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland, 3KCL, London, United Kingdom, 4ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland, 5MSU, East Lansing, MI, United States, 6UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
The objective of the present work was to develop, validate and analyze a finite element digital image correlation approach of extracting ventricular strain data from MR images, which can be applied to both 3D CSPAMM images and conventional multi-slice cine images. Cine and 3D CSPAMM data was acquired on a normal human volunteer, and analyzed. The proposed method provided similar circumferential strain data compared to already validated SinMod method. In contrast to strain mapping from cine images, strain mapping from 3D CSPAMM images captures ventricular twist and torsion in agreement with physiological values, and is less sensitive to image misregistration.

 

 
3137.   
39 A data analysis framework to study remodeling after myocardial infarction
Freddy Odille1,2,3, Lin Zhang1,2, Bailiang Chen1,2,3, Jacques Felblinger1,2,3,4,5, Damien Mandry1,2,4, and Marine Beaumont3,5
1U947, Inserm, Nancy, France, 2IADI, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, 3CIC-IT 1433, Inserm, Nancy, France, 4Pôle imagerie, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France, 5Pôle S2R, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
A data analysis framework is proposed to study the relation between scar severity and regional myocardial function during the process of remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (MI). The framework includes registration steps to correct for slice-to-slice inconsistencies, to align cine with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) data and to align data from follow-up scans. The framework was evaluated in 114 patients with CMR scans within 3 days after MI and at 6 months. Registration accuracy was below 3 mm. Results show that function at 6 months was inversely associated with scar transmuraltiy at both 3 days and 6 months.

 

 
3138.   
40 High-resolution MR Imaging of Left-ventricular Function in Newborn Mice
Mahon L Maguire1, Mala Rohling2, Megan Masters2, Debra McAndrew1, Paul Riley2, and Jurgen E Schneider1
1Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
The neonatal mouse heart has been reported to regenerate following myocardial injury during the first days of life. Research into this regenerative capability is being actively pursued for translation into the clinic.  This study presents cardiac cine imaging of one-day old mice using retrospectively gated, accelerated MR imaging with recovery.   Images were acquired with 78x78x500 μm resolution.  Left ventricular functional parameters were derived from the images and are presented.  This proof of concept study demonstrates that cardiac functional MR imaging with recovery in newborn mice is practical.  It also allows the investigation of myocardial regeneration during the first days of life.

 

 
3139.   
41 Fast myocardial perfusion mapping in mice using heart cycle dependent data weighting
Fabian Tobias Gutjahr1, Thomas Kampf1, Stephan Michael Guenster1, Volker Herold1, Patrick Winter1, Xavier Helluy2, Wolfgang Bauer3, and Peter Jakob1
1Experimental Physics V, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany, 2NeuroImaging Centre, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany, 3Department of Internal Medicine 1, Universitaetsklinikum Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
A fast method for the measurement of myocardial perfusion in mice is presented. Using an efficient retrospective data selection and weighting process in combination with a model based reconstruction perfusion maps can be acquired within 3.5min.

 

 
3140.   
42 A preliminary study of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion MR for quantitative evaluation of myocardial perfusion in diabetes and/or hypertension
Anna Mou1, Zhiyong Li1, Mengying Li2, Qingwei Song2, Chen Zhang2, and Ailian Liu2
1Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China, People's Republic of, 2Dalian, China, People's Republic of
Myocardial microcirculation perfusion dysfunction plays an important role in assessment cardiac disease especially diabetes and hypertension because of their high incidence in the world. We preliminarily investigated the difference of myocardial micro-vascular perfusion between patients with diabetes/hypertension and normal volunteers with IVIM (0, 20, 50, 80, 120, 150, 200, 300, 500 s/mm2) diffusion weighted imaging. We found that Fast ADC values in patients were significant lower than in healthy volunteers. We concluded that IVIM CMR could quantitatively and noninvasively evaluate perfusion status in patients with diabetes and/or hypertension.

 

 
3141.   
43 A Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Study on the Influence of the Tortuosity of the Coronary Arteries on Contrast Agent Bolus Dispersion in Contrast-Enhanced Myocardial Perfusion MRI
Regine Schmidt1, Hanns-Christian Breit1, and Laura Maria Schreiber1,2
1Section of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany, 2Department of Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Wuerzburg, Germany
The dispersion of the contrast agent bolus at T1-weighted contrast-enhanced first-pass myocardial perfusion MRI was examined by means of computational fluid dynamics simulations. In this study simulations in idealized coronary artery geometries with different extent of vessel tortuosity and in a straight reference vessel geometry have been performed for the condition of rest and stress. The contrast agent bolus dispersion was larger at rest compared to stress. Furthermore, a negative correlation between the extent of tortuosity and the contrast agent bolus dispersion was found.

 

 
3142.   
44 Myocardial ASL Perfusion Imaging using MOLLI
Hung Phi Do1 and Krishna S Nayak2
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Modi?ed Look-Locker Inversion Recovery (MOLLI) provides the highest precision and reproducibility for myocardial T1 mapping, and extracellular volume (ECV) mapping. In this work, we determine its effectiveness for measuring myocardial blood flow (MBF), based on apparent-T1 mapping under two conditions, slice-selective inversion and non-selective inversion. We demonstrate that MOLLI provides measured MBF comparable to the reference FAIR-SSFP ASL method.

 

 
3143.   
45 High-resolution myocardial perfusion imaging with radial simultaneous multi-slice imaging and constrained reconstruction
Ganesh Adluru1, Chris Welsh1, John Roberts1, and Edward DiBella1
1Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
High-resolution myocardial perfusion imaging offers improved delineation of subendocardial ischemic regions and can lead to improved diagnosis.  Here we use undersampled radial simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) acquisitions in conjunction with constrained reconstruction with temporal total variation and spatial block-matching 3D (BM3D) constraints to obtain high in-plane spatial resolution perfusion imaging.  Promising results are shown with two types of myocardial perfusion acquisitions (i) a set of 3 simultaneous slices after a saturation pulse, repeated several times per beat at different cardiac phases, and (ii) a ‘hybrid’ perfusion acquisition with one saturation pulse per beat and the reconstructed cardiac phase of the 3 slices chosen retrospectively.

 

 
3144.   
46 3D first-pass myocardial perfusion stack-of-stars imaging using balanced steady state free precession
Merlin J Fair1,2, Peter D Gatehouse1,2, Liyong Chen3,4, Ricardo Wage2, Edward VR DiBella5, and David N Firmin1,2
1NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, 2NIHR Cardiovascular BRU, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom, 3UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, 4Advanced MRI Technologies, Sebastopol, CA, United States, 5UCAIR, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
A method for enabling a balanced steady-state free precession 3D stack-of-stars approach to whole-heart first-pass myocardial perfusion imaging is investigated. Consideration is made of the impact of potential off-resonance effects at 3T and sequence-based modifications to rectify this are examined. Demonstration of the feasibility of this approach is then performed in-vivo.

 

 
3145.   
47 Double-gated Myocardial ASL Perfusion Imaging provides Insensitivity to Heart Rate Variation
Hung Phi Do1, Andrew J Yoon2, Michael W Fong2, Farhood Saremi3, Mark L Barr4, and Krishna S Nayak5
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Department of Medicine, Divison of Cardiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 3Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 4Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 5Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Double-gating in myocardial ASL allows for variations in the post-labeling delay in order to ensure that both labeling and imaging occur in the same cardiac phase. Originally proposed by Poncelet et al. in 1999, this was believed to provide insensitivity to heart rate variation. Despite this, most groups have utilized single-gating with a fixed post-labeling delay for pairs of control and tagged images, since this allows for simpler quantification of myocardial blood flow. In this study, we demonstrate that the double-gating is indeed more robust to heart rate variation compared to single-gating for myocardial ASL, based on experiments in healthy volunteers and heart transplant recipients.

 

 
3146.   
48 Demonstration of Velocity Selective Myocardial Arterial Spin Labeling
Terrence Jao1 and Krishna Nayak2
1Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Arterial spin labeled CMR is a non-contrast myocardial perfusion imaging technique capable of assessing coronary artery disease. A limitation of current methods is potential underestimation of blood flow to myocardial segments that have coronary arterial transit time longer than 1 R-R, which are found in regions with significant collateral development from chronic myocardial ischemia. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of a velocity selective labeling scheme for ASL-CMR that is insensitive to arterial transit time.
Exhibition Hall 

17:30 - 18:30

    Computer #

 
3147.   
49 Modified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery (MOLLI) $$$T_1$$$ Mapping with High Precision Composite Inversion Group (IG) Fitting
Marshall Stephen Sussman1,2 and Bernd Juergen Wintersperger1,2
1Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    The MOLLI $$$T_1$$$ mapping technique has been used to characterize a variety of cardiac pathologies.  However, a significant limitation of this technique is the requirement for rest periods between inversion groups.  This increases scan time, and limits the choice of possible inversion groups.  A new technique, inversion group (IG) MOLLI fitting, has been recently shown to eliminate the requirement for rest periods, and permits complete flexibility of inversion group selection.  However, a significant limitation of this technique is that the resulting $$$T_1$$$ maps have low precision.  In this study, a method is presented for high precision IG fitting.  

 

 
3148.   
50 Systolic Myocardial T1- and ECV-Mapping using Saturation-Recovery at 3 Tesla
Nadja M Meßner1,2, Sebastian Weingärtner1,3,4, Johannes Budjan5, Dirk Loßnitzer6, Theano Papavassiliu2,6, Lothar R Schad1, and Frank G Zöllner1
1Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, 2DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany, 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 4Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 5Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, 61st Department of Medicine Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
Partial volume artifacts in myocardial T1-mapping are a major source of quantification inaccuracy. In this study, saturation-recovery T1-mapping at 3T was adapted to allow for systolic imaging in order to take advantage of the increased myocardial wall thickness. Estimated T1- and ECV- values for SR T1-mapping during systole were 1554±3ms/0.29±0.03 compared to 1581±35ms/0.31±0.04 at diastole. In conclusion, our results show that SR T1-mapping in systole might be an alternative to derive T1- and ECV-values with reduced effects of partial volume.

 

 
3149.   
51 Ungated, Free-breathing Native T1 Mapping in Multiple Cardiac Phases in Under One Minute: A Proof of Concept
Jaime L. Shaw1,2, Anthony G. Christodoulou1,3, Behzad Sharif1, and Debiao Li1,2
1Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,3Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Current cardiac T1 mapping techniques are generally limited to single-shot 2D images acquired in a breath hold with ECG gating. Heart rate variability or poor ECG triggering are sources of error and reduced reproducibility in the widely used MOLLI T1 mapping technique. To mitigate the dependence of T1 mapping on heart rate and breath-holds, we propose an ungated, free-breathing, continuous IR approach using low-rank tensors modeling the image as partially separable in space, cardiac phase, respiratory phase, and inversion time. We show the feasibility of the ungated, free-breathing approach in producing T1 maps in multiple cardiac phases in under 1 minute.

 

 
3150.   
52 Cardiac Tissue Characterization in End Stage Renal Disease Patients with Non-Contrast MRI and Myocardial Mechanics
Tori A Stromp1,2, Joshua C Kaine2,3, Tyler J Spear2, Kristin N Andres2,3, Brandon K Fornwalt4, Vincent L Sorrell5, Steve W Leung5, and Moriel H Vandsburger1,2,6
1Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States, 2Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States, 3College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States, 4Institute for Advanced Application, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States, 5Gill Heart Institue, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States, 6Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) suffer from high rates of sudden cardiac death, often attributed to development of reactive fibrosis.  This study aims to integrate cardiac tissue characterization via non-contrast 2-pt bSSFP with myocardial mechanical analysis. ESRD patients demonstrate elevated myocardial signal with magnetization transfer-weighted 2-pt bSSFP, indicating increased fibrosis. This elevated signal correlates with delayed time to peak contraction and septo-lateral dyssynchrony, which are both elevated in ESRD patients. Combining non-contrast 2-pt bSSFP for tissue characterization with analysis of regional contractile function offers a promising approach to identify potential MRI biomarkers of cardiac risk in ESRD.

 

 
3151.   
53 3D Free Breathing Whole Heart T1 mapping at 3 T
Rui Guo1, Zhensen Chen1, Jianwen Luo1, and Haiyan Ding1
1Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, People's Republic of
In this study, we developed a free-breathing, three-dimensional (3D) T1 mapping method at 3T based on the saturation-prepared, inversion-prepared radiofrequency-spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) sequence, which achieved 3D T1 maps with whole heart coverage. Excellent correlation for the T1 values typically observed in myocardium pre and post contrast was obtained with little residual (R2 = 0.99) and a regression slope 0.93. Homogeneous T1 maps were obtained from in-vivo study. Whole left ventricle T1 mapping was finished in around ~10 minutes with about 40% navigator efficiency without using any parallel imaging. Measured normal myocardium T1 values were comparable to those previously published.

 

 
3152.   
54 Myocardial T1- and ECV- Mapping at 3 Tesla using the Saturation-Recovery Techniques SASHA and SAPPHIRE
Nadja M Meßner1,2, Sebastian Weingärtner1,3,4, Johannes Budjan5, Dirk Loßnitzer6, Uwe Mattler5, Theano Papavassiliu2,6, Lothar R Schad1, and Frank G Zöllner1
1Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, 2DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany, 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 4Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, 5Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, 61st Department of Medicine Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
Myocardial T1- and ECV-mapping for the detection of fibrosis is commonly performed at 1.5T with inversion-recovery (IR) techniques such as MOLLI.

As an alternative, we studied the robustness and precision of the saturation-recovery (SR) T1-mapping techniques SAPPHIRE and SASHA at 3T in 20 healthy volunteers. The resulting T1- and ECV- reference values for SR T1-mapping were 1578±42ms/0.30±0.03 (SAPPHIRE) and 1523±46ms/0.31±0.03 (SASHA), revealing the underestimation of T1-times by MOLLI to be approximately 20-29%.

Therefore, we suggest SR T1-mapping with its high accuracy, low precision-loss, and good inter-subject variability as a valuable alternative to IR T1-mapping at 3T.


 

 
3153.   
55 Free-breathing SASHA T1 mapping using high-contrast image registration has greater precision than MOLLI T1 mapping
Kelvin Chow1, Yang Yang2, and Michael Salerno1,2
1Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States, 2Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
The robustness of SASHA T1 mapping to systematic errors provides more accurate T1 measurements, but SASHA is less precise than the more commonly used MOLLI sequence.  Free-breathing SASHA acquisitions can increase precision in T1 maps, but motion correction of SASHA images is challenging due to poor blood-tissue contrast.  We present a novel approach for robust image registration by acquiring additional high-contrast data in a keyhole fashion without affecting T1 accuracy.  In 10 healthy subjects, a SASHA T1 maps acquired in <90 seconds of free-breathing had a lower myocardial T1 standard deviation than MOLLI (46.1±3.8 ms vs. 55.3±7.7 ms, p<0.05).

 

 
3154.   
56 Sensitive Non-contrast CMR Index for Quantifying Myocardial Fibrosis
Jiayu Sun1, Simeng Wang1, Robert O'Connor2, David Muccigrosso3, Yucheng Chen4, Wei Cheng1, Charles Hildebolt3, Fabao Gao1, and Jie Zheng3
1Radiology, West Hospital, Chengdu, China, People's Republic of, 2NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States, 3Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States, 4Cardiology, West Hospital, Chengdu, China, People's Republic of
The purpose is to develop and evaluate a non-contrast CMR approach for sensitive and quantitative assessment of myocardial fibrosis. Ten patients with cardiomyopathy were scanned with and without contrast injection. A quantitative fibrosis index derived from native T1ρ dispersion contrast was obtained and compared with extracellular volume calculated by T1 mapping. A strong correlation was shown between two indexes and superior sensitivity was observed for fibrosis index to detect myocardial diffuse fibrosis.

 

 
3155.   
57 Fat Signal Removal in LGE using Phase-Sensitive ChEmical Selection (PiSCES)
Martin A Janich1, Steven D Wolff2, Oleg Shubayev2, and Anja CS Brau3
1GE Global Research, Munich, Germany, 2Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, New York, NY, United States, 3GE Healthcare, Munich, Germany
Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) with fat suppression typically leaves traces of fat signal in the image. The goal of the present work is to completely remove fat signal from the LGE image and to visualize fat separately. The PiSCES method applies phase sensitive image reconstruction and customized timing of fat-selective RF pulses. In 19 out of 22 patient examinations PiSCES better removed fat compared to conventional magnitude fat-suppressed LGE.

 

 
3156.   
58 Automatic extracellular volume fraction mapping in the myocardium: multiple initial T1 values and deformable image registration combined with LV segmentation - Permission Withheld
Chiao-Ning Chen1, Hsiao-Hui Huang1, Ming-Ting Wu2, and Teng-Yi Huang1
1Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, 2Radiology, Kao-Hsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kao-Hsiung, Taiwan
This study attempted to improve the accuracy of T1 fitting and image registration for automatic extracellular volume fraction mapping. We proposed to use multiple initial values in the T1 fitting procedure and the results prominently exhibited less errors. For the image registration, we first performed the automatic segmentation of left-ventricle (LV) walls based on an image synthesis approach and then used the obtained LV masks for the deformable image registration. The results supported that the method significantly improved the overlap rate between the pre- and postcontrast images as well as the accuracies of the obtained ECV maps.

 

 
3157.   
59 Native myocardial T1 correlates with right ventricular mass and invasive catheter measurement in patients with Pulmonary Hypertension
Laura Claire Saunders1, Neil J Stewart1, Charlotte Hammerton1, David Capener1, Valentina O Puntmann2, David G Kiely3, Martin J Graves4, Andy Swift1, Jim M Wild1, and Laura Claire Saunders1
1Academic Unit of Radiology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, 2Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom, 3The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, 4University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Patients with pulmonary hypertension (n=102, 58±16 years, 56% female) and age and sex matched volunteers (n=34, 51±14 years, 58% female) underwent functional cardiac MR and MOLLI T1 mapping at 1.5T. MOLLI images were registered to correct for respiratory motion. Patients had elevated myocardial T1 at the right ventricular (RV) insertion point (p<0.001) and left ventricular free wall when compared to healthy volunteers (p=0.013). RV insertion point T1 and pulmonary artery pressure correlated significantly (r=0.406 p=0.016). Correlations were found between RV free wall and septal T1 and diastolic mass index (corrected for age and sex) (r=0.305, p=0.003 and r=0.281, p=0.006 respectively). Patients with pulmonary hypertension (n=102, 58±16 years, 56% female) and age and sex matched volunteers (n=34, 51±14 years, 58% female) underwent functional cardiac MR and MOLLI T1 mapping at 1.5T. MOLLI images were registered to correct for respiratory motion. Patients had elevated myocardial T1 at the right ventricular (RV) insertion point (p<0.001) and left ventricular free wall when compared to healthy volunteers (p=0.013). RV insertion point T1 and pulmonary artery pressure correlated significantly (r=0.406 p=0.016). Correlations were found between RV free wall and septal T1 and RV mass index (corrected for age and sex) (r=0.305, p=0.003 and r=0.281, p=0.006 respectively).

 

 
3158.   
60 Characterization of Compacted Myocardial Abnormalities by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance with Native T1 Mapping in Left Ventricular Non-compaction Patients: A Comparison with Late Gadolinium Enhancement
Hongmei Zhou1, Xue Lin1, Haiyan Ding2, and Quan Fang1
1Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, People's Republic of, 2Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, People's Republic of
Left Ventricular Non-compaction (LVNC) manifesting with myocardial fibrosis can cause cardiac dysfunction, arrhythmia, and sudden death. Native T1 mapping is an emerging CMR technique in quantitative evaluation of myocardial fibrosis. This study aimes to investigate the usefulness of native T1 mapping in characterization of myocardial abnormalities in LVNC patients by comparing with late gadolinium enhancement. It may suggest that native T1 mapping may provide information for early detection of fibrosis in compacted myocardium and stratification of severity in Left Ventricular Non-compaction.

 

 
3159.   
61 Optimized Acquisition for Joint T2 and ADC mapping in the Heart
Zhaohuan Zhang1,2, Eric Aliotta2,3, and Daniel B Ennis2,3
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, People's Republic of, 2Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 3Physics & Biology in Medicine Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
 Myocardial T2 and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) can be used to evaluate the presence of edema and myocardial infarction1,2. We recently developed a technique for joint acquisition and reconstruction of T2 and ADC maps using a spin-echo EPI diffusion weighted sequence (SE-EPI DWI) with a total acquisition time short enough to accommodate measurement in a single breath-hold. The objective of this study was to optimize the joint T2/ADC acquisition to enhance sensitivity to myocardial infarction and to evaluate performance in simulations and phantom experiments.

 

 
3160.   
62 Myocardial Local Frequency Shift Mapping
Junmin Liu1, James W Goldfarb2, and Maria Drangova1,3
1Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, 2Department of Research and Education, Saint Francis Hospital, Roslyn, NY, United States, 3Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
Local Frequency Shift (LFS) mapping of the myocardium may provide information about the integrity and organization of myofibers, which contribute anisotropic magnetic susceptibility. We present a myocardial LFS mapping method by explicitly removing the unwanted phase terms caused by B0 inhomogeneity and chemical-shift (CS) between fat and water.  The proposed method was tested with human data and compared with the established high-pass filtering technique.  The results demonstrate a gradient across the myocardial wall suggesting that LFS maps of the myocardium may enable visualization of myofiber orientation. 

 

 
3161.   
63 Myocardial Effective Transverse Relaxation Time at 7.0 T Correlates with Left Ventricular Wall Thickness
Till Huelnhagen1, Teresa Serradas Duarte1, Fabian Hezel1, Erdmann Seeliger2, Bert Flemming2, Marcel Prothmann3, Jeanette Schulz-Menger3, and Thoralf Niendorf1,4
1Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany, 2Institute for Physiology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany, 3Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany, 4Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicince in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
This work examines the relationship of ventricular septal wall thickness and T2* at 7.0T in healthy volunteers. Results show, that T2* changes periodically over the cardiac cycle, increasing in systole and decreasing in diastole. A strong correlation between mean septal T2* and wall thickness was found. Temporally resolved field mapping showed that macroscopic magnetic field fluctuations can be excluded as source of the observed changes. While T2* is often regarded as surrogate for tissue oxygenation, the found systolic increase of T2* cannot be explained by increased oxygenation. Instead changes in blood volume fraction are assumed to be responsible for the observed T2* fluctuations.

 

 
3162.   
64 Myocardial Extracellular Volume Measurements using a shorter post-contrast T1 mapping delay time for Diagnosis of Cardiac Amyloidosis in 3.0T Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Yan Yi1, Lu Lin1, Yining Wang1, Jian Cao1, Lingyan Kong1, Jing An2, Tianjing Zhang2, and Bruce Spottiswoode3
1Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China, People's Republic of, 2Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd., beijing, China., Beijing, China, People's Republic of, 3MR Research and Development, Siemens Healthcare, Chigago, IL, United States
The study aim was to explore the diagnostic value of ECV for cardiac amyloidosis calculated by 5 min post-contrast T1-mapping compared with conventional 15-20 min post-contrast T1 mapping. The results showed ECV calculated by 5min post-contrast T1 mapping had similarly promising diagnosis value for cardiac amyloidosis compared with 15-20 min post-contrast T1 mapping.

 

 
3163.   
65 Free-breathing 3D myocardial T2 mapping using image-based respiratory motion correction
Joao Luis Tourais1, Markus Henningsson1, and Rene Botnar1
1King's College London, London, United Kingdom
Image navigator based free-breathing whole heart 3D T2prep-based T2 mapping achieved similar accuracy to a conventional 2D-BH T2prep-based mapping approach, and can be performed within less than 5 minutes. With this approach the limitations of conventional 2D T2 mapping (low resolution, mis-registration and diaphragmatic motion between BH) as well as 3D T2 mapping (unpredictable scan time because of navigator gating) have been overcome. These promising results warrant further investigation in patients with myocardial pathologies.

 

 
3164.   
66 Rapid T1-Mapping of Mouse Hearts using Real-Time MRI
Tobias Wech1, Nicole Seiberlich2, Andreas Schindele3, Alfio Borzì3, Herbert Köstler1, and Jürgen E. Schneider4
1Department of Diagnostical and Interventional Radiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States, 3Institute of Mathematics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany, 4Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
The feasibility of using real-time MRI to determine $$$T_1$$$ relaxation times in mouse hearts was explored. An inversion recovery prepared and highly undersampled radial acquisition was applied and data were reconstructed using a combination of through-time radial GRAPPA and compressed sensing. The ECG in combination with the DC-signal recorded for each projection was used to eliminate cardiac and respiratory motion, which allowed for fitting $$$T_1$$$-values in every voxel. The method was applied to five mice in vivo and the measured $$$T_1$$$-values found for myocardial tissue agreed well with literature. Our work indicates that it is possible to accurately measure $$$T_1$$$ in mice using real-time MRI.

 

 
3165.   
67 3D T1-weighted self-gated cardiac MRI for assessing myocardial infarction in mouse models
Xiaoyong Zhang1,2, Guoxi Xie2, Zijun Wei2, Yanchun Zhu2, Shi Su2, Caiyun Shi2, Fei Yan2, Bensheng Qiu1, Xin Liu2, Hairong Zheng2, and Zhaoyang Fan3
1University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China, People's Republic of, 2Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China, People's Republic of, 3Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
A 3D self-gating technique was developed for assessing mycardial infarction (MI) in mouse model. The preliminary in vivo study has demonstrated that the technique can correctly detect the MI, which may outperform the conventional MR techniques with ECG-triggering and respiratory gating.

 

 
3166.   
68 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance T1 mapping in pulmonary hypertension. Is Native T1 mapping an alternative to Late Gadolinium Enhancement? - Video Not Available
Geeshath Jayasekera1, Colin Church1, Martin Johnson1, Andrew Peacock1, and Aleksandra Radjenovic2
1Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 2Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Pulmonary hypertension is a rare progressive disorder characterised by elevated pulmonary artery pressure leading to right ventricular failure and death. Native T1 mapping is a CMR technique for myocardial tissue characterisation that does not require MRI contrast administration1. We investigated whether native T1 values relate to invasive pressure measurements and markers of RV dysfunction in patients with pulmonary hypertension. 

 

 
3167.   
69 High resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) combined with Magnetization Transfer (MT) for the visualization of the cardiac structure: an ex vivo proof of concept
Julie Magat1, Arnaud Fouillet1, Jérôme Naulin1, David Benoist1, Yunbo Guo1, Olivier Bernus1, Bruno Stuyvers1, and Bruno Quesson1
1IHU LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
The motivation of this study was to investigate Magnetization Transfer MRI as a technique of contrast for visualization of the Purkinje Fiber (PF) network in ex vivo cardiac sample of a large animal. We first optimized MT parameters to obtain the best contrast: offset frequency, duration of the module and radiofrequency field. We performed 2D and 3D acquisition on pig ex vivo heart. We were able to enhance contrast between PF network and muscle and visualize insert points inside the myocardium in 3D.

 


 

 
3168.   
70 Self-navigated cardiac T1 mapping using an ultra short echo time (UTE) inversion recovery acquisition
Patrick Winter1, Thomas Kampf1, Fabian Tobias Gutjahr1, Cord Bastian Meyer1, Volker Herold1, Wolfgang Rudolf Bauer2, and Peter Michael Jakob1
1Experimental Physics 5, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany, 2Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I des Universitaetsklinikums Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
Radial trajectories enable self-navigated cardiac T1 measurements without the necessity of external ECG signals. However, the extracted cardiac synchronization signals and the reconstructed images can be suspectible to B0 inhomogeneities and flow. In order to improve the robustness of the self-navigated method a 2D - UTE inversion recovery sequence is introduced that minimizes the echo time to 0.57 ms and reduces the susceptibility to B0 inhomogeneities. Steady state cines and a T1 map were derived from the UTE measurement. Comparisons with a self-navigated gradient echo measurement indicate more reliable self-navigation signals and better image quality when using shorter echo times.

 

 
3169.   
71 Wideband Adiabatic Inversion with a Hyperbolic Secant 4 (HS4) Pulse for Late Gadolinium Enhancement MRI of Patients with Implanted Cardiac Devices
Shams Rashid1, Jiaxin Shao1, and Peng Hu1,2
1Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 2Biomedical Physics Inter-Departmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
We present a wideband inversion pulse of 8kHz bandwidth designed with a hyperbolic secant 4 (HS4) adiabatic inversion pulse, for use in wideband late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) MRI in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). This HS4 wideband pulse has more than twice the bandwidth of the previously reported wideband hyperbolic secant (HS) adiabatic inversion pulse for wideband LGE. We demonstrate that the wideband HS4 pulse is superior to the wideband HS pulse in eliminating hyperintensity artifacts resulting from off-resonance induced by an ICD in the myocardium.

 

 
3170.   
72 Myocardial T1-map-derived extracellular volume fraction (ECV) measurement can represent the disease severity and prognostic information in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
Yoshiaki Morita1, Naoaki Yamada1, Emi Tateishi2, Teruo Noguchi2, Masahiro Higashi1, and Hiroaki Naito1
1Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan, 2Division of Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Myocardial fibrosis is closely related to clinically evident cardiac dysfunction and worse outcomes, such as heart failure and arrhythmia. Therefore, non-invasive methods, which can reliably quantify fibrosis, would be preferable. In this study, we demonstrated that T1-map-derived ECV measurement is a significant independent predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) when compared with the presence of LGE and other risk factors. ECV may thus represent a novel prognostic indicator in patients with DCM. 
 

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