Joint Annual Meeting ISMRM-ESMRMB 2018

Joint Annual Meeting ISMRM-ESMRMB • 16-21 June 2018 • Paris, France

Weekend Educational Course
Advanced Microstructural Imaging

Advanced Microstructural Imaging: Part 1
Weekend Course

ORGANIZERS: Stephan Maier, Jennifer McNab, Noam Shemesh

Sunday, 17 June 2018

S04

13:15 - 14:30

Moderators: Jennifer McNab, Noam Shemesh

Skill Level: Advanced

Session Number: WE-23A

Overview
This course focuses on the local micro-architectural features of biological tissues, their diffusion properties, and how to extract them using advanced diffusion MRI methods and models. The course will describe how impediments to water diffusion can be used to report on the microstructure, how spatial and temporal aspects of encoding can be used to create different "filters," and how orientational information can be disentangled from micro-architectural features such as compartment sizes.

Target Audience
Clinicians and scientists interested in diffusion MRI and MRS, microstructure, intra/extra-cellular diffusion properties, and implementation of advanced pulse sequences for extracting such features.

Educational Objectives
As a result of attending this course, participants should be able to:
-Develop an understanding of basic tissue microstructure features and how they affect diffusion in the tissues;
-Distinguish the different diffusion modes within different compartments; and
-Select appropriate pulse sequences to extract specific metrics reporting on microstructure.

13:15		Tissue Architecture & Water Diffusion Obstacles Itamar Ronen
13:40		Spatial & Temporal Features of Diffusion Encoding Frederik Laun Links between measured signal, the temporal profile of the diffusion-encoding gradients and spatial features of the measured probes will be explained. Among others, the temporal gradient profiles "short-short", "long-long", "long-short", and gradient profiles with multiple gradient pulses will be discussed.
14:05		Looking from Within: Diffusion of Compartment Specific Metabolites Julien Valette Diffusion-weighted NMR spectroscopy (DW-MRS) offers the unique ability to non-invasively quantify diffusion properties of endogenous brain metabolites in vivo. In contrast to water molecules, which are ubiquitous in biological tissues, most brain metabolites are confined into the intracellular space, and some of them are even thought to exhibit preferential cellular compartmentation (within neurons or glial cells). It is thus expected that DW-MRS may provide specific cellular information. Here we will see how DW-MRS can be related to cellular microstructure, opening perspectives for non-invasive and quantitative measurements of cell-specific morphology under normal and pathological conditions.
14:30		Break & Meet the Teachers

Advanced Microstructural Imaging: Part 2
Weekend Course

ORGANIZERS: Stephan Maier, Jennifer McNab, Noam Shemesh

Sunday, 17 June 2018

S04

15:15 - 16:55

Moderators: Jennifer McNab, Noam Shemesh

Skill Level: Advanced

Session Number: WE-23B

Overview
This course focuses on the local micro-architectural features of biological tissues, their diffusion properties, and how to extract them using advanced diffusion MRI methods and models. The course will describe how impediments to water diffusion can be used to report on the microstructure, how spatial and temporal aspects of encoding can be used to create different "filters," and how orientational information can be disentangled from micro-architectural features such as compartment sizes.

Target Audience
Clinicians and scientists interested in diffusion MRI and MRS, microstructure, intra/extra-cellular diffusion properties, and implementation of advanced pulse sequences for extracting such features.

Educational Objectives
As a result of attending this course, participants should be able to:
-Develop an understanding of basic tissue microstructure features and how they affect diffusion in the tissues;
-Distinguish the different diffusion modes within different compartments; and
-Select appropriate pulse sequences to extract specific metrics reporting on microstructure.

15:15		Looking from the Outside: Extracellular Diffusion Dmitry Novikov Diffusion in the extracellular space is considered as a function of an increasing diffusion time, equivalent to the coarse-graining of the cellular arrangement over an increasing diffusion length. The three major limits are covered: Short-time S/V limit; long-time limit of approaching the tortuosity asymptote; and the tortuosity limit. The relevant degrees of freedom of cell packing, distinct in each of the three limits, will be discussed.
15:40		Macro- vs. Micro-Anisotropy Filip Szczepankiewicz What are the distinguishing marks of anisotropic structures in a microscope, and how are these features reflected in the diffusion weighted signal? The lecture will survey the features of anisotropic diffusion on the micro- and macro-scale and connect them to the MRI experiments that may be used to probe such features.
16:05		How Small Is Small? Probing Very Small Compartment-Short Diffusion Time Manisha Aggarwal This lecture will cover the concepts and applications of oscillating-gradient diffusion MRI acquisition methods to probe tissue microstructure using short effective diffusion times. We will discuss how oscillating diffusion-encoding gradients can be used to characterize restricted diffusion in neuronal tissues, using selective sampling of the temporal diffusion spectrum D(ω) over discrete narrow frequency bands. We will then explore the applications as well as some current limitations of OGSE diffusion MRI acquisitions for probing tissue microstructure over varying length scales.
16:30		Panel Discussion
16:55		Adjournment & Meet the Teachers

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