Ethan M I Johnson¹, Sourav Halder², Peter J Kahrilas¹, John E Pandolfino¹, Neelesh A Patankar², and Michael Markl^1
1Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States, ²Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States

Pure pineapple juice was reduced by heating to a range of concentrations, and the T1 values were characterized for each concentration.  A log-linear relationship between concentration factor and T1 reduction factor was shown.  In vivo dynamic MR imaging of esophageal peristalsis was demonstrated using a modified MR angiography sequence and a 50% volume-reduced concentration of pineapple juice as swallowable contrast agent.

Chao Wu¹, Xinyu Wang¹, Chen Zhang², Cheng Cheng³, Wei Zhao⁴, and Haoran Sun^1
1Medical Imaging Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, ²MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthcare, Beijing, China, ³Clinical Application, Siemens Healthcare, Tianjin, China, ⁴Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China

This study was aim to observe swallowing processes in volunteers and patients with gastroesophageal reflux through real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to assess the transport and reflux of pineapple juice through the gastroesophageal junction during Valsalva. Gastroesophageal reflux was detected in all patients included in this study.
 

Hannah Grace Williams^1,2, Caroline Hoad^1,3, Neele Dellschaft^1,3, Christabella Ng^3,4, Alan Smyth^3,4, Giles Major^2,3, and Penny Gowland^1,3
1Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, ²Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, ³National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, ⁴Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

A key colonic function is the formation of faeces and the growth and proliferation of the microbiota. This process is little described as it is difficult to study in vivo. We aimed to investigate it using MRI which can non-invasively monitor changes in the colonic content. In 8 healthy volunteers we observed the initial process of faecal formation following purgation. The results suggest that MRI can provide new insights into the important physiological process of faeces formation and establishment of the microbiome in the colon.  

Yumeng Lei¹, Dongsheng Zhang¹, Fei Qi², Man Wang², Jie Gao¹, Min Tang¹, Yu Su², Zhirong Shao², Kai Ai³, and Xiaoling Zhang^1
1Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi'an, China, ²Xi'an Medical University, Xi’an, China, ³Philips Healthcare, Xi'an, China

To investigate the underlying mechanisms of cognitive decline in patients with diabetes, data-driven independent component analysis (ICA) was applied to resting-state fMRI images from 34 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with normal cognition (DMCN) and 31 T2DM patients with cognitive impairment (DMCI), and 31 healthy controls (HC) to identify the difference in salience network (SN). The resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) alteration are different and complicated among HC, DMCN and DMCI groups, and also are correlated to neuropsychological scores, indicated that altered SN rs-FC in T2DM patients are closely related to cognitive impairment.

Jun Wang¹, Wenjuan Bai², Pengfei ZHANG¹, Wenjing HUANG¹, Wanjun HU¹, Guangyao LIU¹, and Jing ZHANG^1
1Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lan Zhou, China, ²Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lan Zhou, China

The objective of this study was to explore the effect of glucose fluctuation on T2DM patients using a new method named automated fiber quantification (AFQ). To explore the value of different DTI parameters in the classification of T2DM patients and normal patients using SVM model. 

Wen Zhang¹, Jiaming Lu¹, Jilei Zhang², and Bing Zhang^1
1Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Shanghai, China

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with olfactory dysfunction and cognitive decline. We proposed one functional connectivity (FC) model that links the primary olfactory cortex (POC) to advanced cognition related cognitive brain area. The whole olfactory network was divided into three sub-networks: POC consists of the bilateral anterior olfactory nucleus, piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala; secondary olfactory cortex (SOC) include the bilateral hippocampus, parahippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus; advanced olfactory cortex (AOC) consists of bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC). Our results suggested that FC was heterogeneously disrupted in the POC-SOC-AOC olfactory pathway in T2DM.

weiwei wang¹, Yanwei Miao¹, JianLin Wu², and JianLin Wu^2
1The First affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China, ²Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China

APTw can reflect the abnormal changes of brain metabolism in T2DM patients from the molecular level, providing new imaging evidence for understanding the neuropathological mechanism of diabetic brain injury

hang qu¹, wenjuan ba¹, weiqiang Dou², and wei wang^1
1The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, yangzhou, China, ²GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, Beijing, China

This study aimed to investigate the cerebral microcirculatory blood flow perfusion and perfusion patterns in patients with type 2 diabetes by using 3D arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging, and to analyze the correlation between perfusion changes and biochemical indexes. We obtained 3D-ASL derived cerebral blood flow (CBF) and perfusion feature network using principal component analysis (PCA) on each subject accordingly. These diabetic patients showed low regional CBF, and PCA-based perfusion characteristics could identify patients with diabetes. Changed perfusion patterns reflected the remodeling of cerebral blood flow perfusion, revealing clinical value and significance for early diagnosis and intervention of diabetic microangiopathy.

Wen-jiao Lyu¹, Yunzhu Wu², Xiao-meng Ma¹, Yue Feng¹, Yu-na Chen¹, Shi-jun Qiu¹, Xu Yan², Min-xiong Zhou³, and Guang Yang^4
1Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China, ²MR Scientific Marketing, SIEMENS Healthcare, Shanghai, China, ³Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China, ⁴Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China

Compare to pathological examination and cognitive assessment scale, diffusion imaging can detect microscopic diffusion properties of biological tissues noninvasively and repeatably. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of multiple advanced diffusion models reconstructed by diffusion sequence: MAP-MRI, NODDI, and DKI in the early detection of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). 

Guangyao Liu¹, Shan Li², Hong Liu¹, Laiyan Ma¹, Zhijun Yao², Jing Zhang¹, Shaoyu Wang³, and Dekui Zhang^4
1Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China., Lanzhou, China, ²Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China., Lanzhou, China, ³MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthineers, Shanghai, China., xian, China, ⁴Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China., Lanzhou, China

In this study, five types of MRI features, including voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) from functional MRI (fMRI), asymmetry index (AI) from structural MRI (sMRI), FA, fiber length and fiber number (FN) from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were used to evaluate the asymmetry and inter-hemispheric connectivity of IBS patients. Through taking comprehensive analysis of the bilateral brain in Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients, we speculated that inter-hemispheric functional connectivity is more vulnerable to IBS than anatomical connectivity, while the structural morphology of brain is the most stable. Meanwhile, the affected areas were concentrated in default mode network (DMN) and sensorimotor network. The results of our study are only preliminary, but it may provide theoretical basis for future research on the regulation of gut-brain axis (GBA) and pathophysiology in functional intestinal diseases.

Jordan J McGing^1,2,3, Rosemary Nicholas², Sébastien Serres⁴, Paul L Greenhaff^5,6,7, Gordon W Moran^1,7, and Susan T Francis^2
1Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom, ²Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom, ³School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, ⁴School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, ⁵MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Nottingham, United Kingdom, ⁶Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Nottingham, United Kingdom, ⁷National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Fatigue is a prevalent and debilitating symptom in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) with an unclear aetiology. Sarcopenia and muscle deconditioning are common in IBD, implicating peripheral mechanisms in IBD fatigue. We carried out functional, ³¹P MRS and MRI phenotyping of quiescent IBD patients with fatigue complaints and a healthy control group, to characterise peripheral contributions to  fatigue aetiology. Collectively, the reduced rate of PCr resynthesis and concomitant maintenance of muscle mass and strength in IBD patients suggests that IBD fatigue may be attributable to peripheral muscle deconditioning, which could potentially be restored by exercise training intervention.

Xinmiao Bu¹, Ailian Liu¹, Ye Ju¹, Wenjun Hu¹, Changyu Du², Haoyang Jiang², and Lingli Qi^2
1The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China, ²Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

IDEAL-IQ technology is a new scanning sequence which corrects many mixed factors that interfere with fat quantification to realize the quantitative measurement of fat fraction. We retrospectively analyzed 42 patients with diabetic nephropathy in our hospital from March 2017 to December 2019. According to the presence of proteinuria, they were divided into severe group and mild group.The R2* and FF value of the severe group was greater than that of the mild group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).The AUC value of severe value and mild value for identifying severe with mild groups are 0.792 and 0.823。

Nathan Davis¹, Steven Baete^2,3, Smita Rao⁴, Jill Slade⁵, Prodromos Parasoglou^2,3, and Ryan Brown^2,3
1New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States, ²Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States, ³Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States, ⁴Department of Physical Therapy, New York University, New York, NY, United States, ⁵Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Langsing, MI, United States

Prolonged type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can result in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a disease in which ischemic conditions degrade peripheral nerves. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have demonstrated significant microstructural changes in upper extremity pathology, yet limited research has focused on the tibial nerve. We found cross-sectional differences in apparent diffusion coefficient between controls and T2DM and DPN. In a separate longitudinal study, insignificant DTI changes were found in DPN patients that were scanned before and after a 10-week exercise intervention.

Zihao Xu¹, Qinhe Zhang¹, Chao Liang¹, Shuangyi Li¹, Yaru You¹, Jiazheng Wang², Liangjie Lin², Ailian Liu¹, and Qingwei Song^1
1Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China

This study measured the ADC and T2 values of the pancreas in T2DM patients and control subjects. Distribution of T2 values were uneven in different locations of pancreas in both T2DM patients and control subjects , and the T2 values in head and neck were higher than those of body and tail. While distribution of ADC values was even in both of the two groups (P>0.05). ADC values of pancreas in T2DM patients were lower than those of control subjects, and it is inversed for T2 values . It may indicate that pancreatic cells are more closely arranged with reduced cell gaps.

Yoshifumi Noda¹, Takayuki Mori¹, Nobuyuki Kawai¹, Kimihiro Kajita², Yuta Akamine³, Masami Yoneyama³, Fuminori Hyodo⁴, and Masayuki Matsuo^1
1Department of Radiology, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan, ²Department of Radiology Services, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan, ³Philips Japan, Tokyo, Japan, ⁴Department of Frontier Science for Imaging, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is one of the important sequences in abdominal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, especially in unenhanced examination. Recently, echo planar imaging with Compressed SENSE (EPICS) has been introduced and it can reduce noise-like artifacts and improve image quality. In this study, we compared qualitative and quantitative imaging parameters between conventional echo planar DWI (C-EPI-DWI) and EPICS. Our results showed that EPICS significantly reduce noise-like artifacts and improve the accuracy of ADC values compared with C-EPI-DWI.

Naoki Ohno¹, Kotaro Yoshida¹, Yu Ueda², Tosiaki Miyati¹, Yuki Koshino¹, Toshifumi Gabata¹, and Satoshi Kobayashi^1
1Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan, ²Philips Japan, Tokyo, Japan

Although respiratory-triggered (RT)-diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has often been used to minimize respiratory motion in abdomen, unstable respiration leads to prolonged scan time without resolving the problem of respiratory motion. Therefore, we proposed a single breath-hold (BH)-DWI with simultaneous multislice (SMS) echo-planar imaging to allow faster acquisition and reliable quantification of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in abdominal DWI. The BH-DWI with SMS technique reduced the scan time by more than fourfold and demonstrated comparable accuracy and repeatability in ADC quantification with conventional RT-DWI. The proposed method enables to acquire abdominal diffusion-weighted images in a single breath-holding.
 

Hazuki Takishima¹, Hajime Yokota², Takayuki Sakai³, Masami Yoneyama⁴, and Takashi Uno^2
1Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan, ²Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, ³Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Togane, Japan, ⁴Philips Japan, Tokyo Japan, Tokyo, Japan

Intestinal gas in upper abdomen interferes with diffusion-weighted image. Echo-planar imaging with compressed SENSE (EPICS) can reduce the susceptibility artifacts by shortening the data sampling time. In this study, EPICS and conventional SENSE-DWI were compared visually and quantitatively. The visual score of EPICS were significantly higher than that of SENSE in the pancreatic head and body. The signal ratio between the pancreas and spinal cord was significantly higher in the pancreatic tail in SENSE. The ADC value of EPICS was significantly higher in the pancreatic head. EPICS is feasible for reducing gas-producing artifact in the upper abdomen.

Xinzhu Zhao¹, Xing Wan¹, Min Luo¹, Mu Du¹, Zhongxian Yang¹, Qiuxia Xie¹, Qian Zou¹, Aiwen Guo¹, Yingjie Mei², and Yubao Liu^1
1Medical Imaging Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Guangzhou, China

The study investigated the potential association among pancreatitis, pancreas divisum (PD), and santorinicele or wirsungocele (two types of pancreatic ductal variations) based on three-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (3D-MRCP). The clinical and imaging samples of 75 patients were collected and sorted into santorinicele and wirsungocele groups. Potential factors related to wirsungocele and santorinicele were investigated. MRCP showed good performance in visualizing ductal anomalies. Patients with santorinicele had higher risks of developing pancreatitis compared with those with wirsungocele. Additionally, santorinicele itself might be more closely associated with pancreatitis than with PD.

Yue Qin¹, Xin Li¹, Yinhu Zhu¹, Dayong Jin¹, Liyao Liu¹, Yanqiang Qiao¹, Juan Tian¹, Yifan Qian¹, and Shaoyu Wang^2
1XIAN DAXING HOSPITAL, Xi'an, China, ²MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthineers, Xi'an, China

MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is an method allowing noninvasive investigation of biliary and pancreatic disorders. However, the respiratory-triggered 3D MRCP technique requires long acquisition time depending on the breathing rate of patients, which leads to image blurring and motion artifacts. The purpose of this study was to compare the modified RT-SPACE-MRCP protocol and the conventional RT-SPACE-MRCP protocol with respect to image quality as well as the acquisition time.

Zhiyong Chen¹, Bin Sun¹, Qing Duan¹, Yunjing Xue¹, ZhongShuai Zhang², and guijin li^3
1Radiology, Union Hospital, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China, ²Diagnostic imaging, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai, China., Shanghai, China, ³MR application, Siemens Healthineers Ltd，Guangzhou，China, guangzhou, China

The overall imaging quality of BH CS-MRCP, BH-MRCP and NT MRCP protocols were not significant different. Both the two breath-hold approaches were considering the time-saving advantages without deterioration of image quality. Compared with BH CS-MRCP, BH-MRCP yielded significantly better visualization of the segment 2 and 3 branch of the intrahepatic duct, and performed better consistency in main pancreatic duct and common bile duct morphology. Therefore, BH-MRCP in terms of superior visualization and morphological consistency can be recommended to improve workflow and diagnostic efficacy, and be preferred for patients with irregular breathing pattern.