Marissa DiPiero^1,2, Janet Lainhart^2,3, Brittany Travers^2,4, Andrew Alexander ^2,3,5, and Doug Dean^2,6
1Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ²Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ³Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ⁴Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ⁵Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ⁶Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States

Advanced diffusion MRI techniques, such as Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI), may be used to investigate cortical gray matter (GM) microstructure. In this work, we used the Gray Matter Based Spatial Statistics approach to investigate cortical GM microstructural differences in young people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Group differences and age by group interaction models were assessed. We observe regions of reduced neurite density and significant age-related changes of DTI and NODDI metrics in cortical GM of ASD individuals. Findings provide unique evidence of altered neurodevelopmental processes affecting microstructural development in ASD.    

Eunji Kim¹, Sang Won Lee², Hyunsil Cha¹, Heajung Choi¹, Seungho Kim¹, Yunheung Kim³, Seung Jae Lee², and Yongmin Chang^4
1Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea, Republic of, ²Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea, Republic of, ³Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea, Republic of, ⁴Radiology and Molecular Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea, Republic of

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) showed the functional connectivity alterations in default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN) and salience network (SN) ¹. We investigated the difference of intrinsic networks between OCD and healthy controls (HC) from thought-action fusion (TAF) task and resting state by using fMRI. During TAF task, Power spectral density (PSD) of SN in OCD showed lower than PSD in HC in low-frequency bins. PSD of SN showed a significant correlation with TAF score and OBQ scale in OCD. Therefore when doing TAF task, OCD symptoms might have relations with alterations of PSD of SN.

Alan Finkelstein¹, Md Nasir Uddin², Miriam Weber², Jianhui Zhong^1,3,4, and Giovanni Schifitto^2,3
1Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States, ²Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States, ³Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States, ⁴Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States

Individuals with chronic HIV-infection suffer from neurocognitive impairment. These changes are thought to be mediated by atrophy and demyelination in the setting of chronic neuroinflammation. In this abstract, we used fixed-based analysis (FBA) to investigate the relationship between white matter integrity and cognitive function in the presence of HIV infection. Connectivity-based fixel ehancement and region-based statistics were performed to evaluate group differences at the fixel and tract level, respectively. Lower fixel-based metrics were observed in the HIV+ cohort. We also observed significant correlations between fixel-based metrics and cognitive scores derived from neuropsychological testing in the HIV+ cohort. 

Chun-Ju Kao¹, Vincent Chin-Hung Chen^2,3, Yuan-Hsiung Tsai^3,4, and Jun-Cheng Weng^1,2,5
1Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, and Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ²Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, ³School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ⁴Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, ⁵Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Depression is a key factor in committing suicide. Patients with depression often accompany with brain network alterations. Three groups of participants were recruited in the study, including healthy controls (HC), depressed patients with and without suicidal attempt history (SA, D). We analyzed brain network alternations by using their GQI data. SA group showed lower global integration and higher local segregation compared to D and HC groups. Furthermore, SA and D groups had significant subnetwork connections in frontal and parietal lobes than HC group. The alternations were found in the network measurement in depressed patients with and without suicidal attempt history.

Koen P.A. Baas¹, Simon Körver², Bram F. Coolen³, Gustav J. Strijkers³, Carla E.M. Hollak², and Aart J. Nederveen^1
1Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands, ²Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands, ³Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands

We investigated whether local ADC changes precede the formation of white matter lesions (WML) in patients with Fabry disease. A dataset was collected, containing five-year follow-up MRI data of 46 patients with Fabry disease. Within WMLs, ADC values were significantly higher compared to healthy WM and kept increasing after first detection. Moreover, ADC values were significantly higher within regions that were detected at later time points as WML on FLAIR images. These findings indicate that diffusion weighted imaging could play an important role in predicting which patients are at risk of lesion formation and require preemptive treatment.

Teddy Salan¹, Deepika Aggrawal², Gaurav Garg², Manju Mohanty², Paramjeet Singh², Mahendra Kumar¹, Sameer Vyas², and Varan Govind^1
1University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States, ²Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India

Few neuroimaging studies have focused on HIV-1 clade C infection (HIV-1C) which comprises approximately half the global HIV population. In this work, we use a free-water eliminated diffusion tensor imaging (FWE-DTI) data processing approach to determine the extent of micro-structural brain damage in drug-naïve HIV-1C subjects. Our results show white matter (WM) structural abnormalities among HIV-1C subjects, manifested by increases in free water volume throughout the brain and reduced FWE fractional anisotropy (FWE-FA) along WM tracts. Our FWE-DTI approach provides an improved method for more accurate measures of brain abnormalities due to neuro-inflammation in HIV and other infections.

Teddy Salan¹, Varan Govind¹, and Sameer Vyas^2
1University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States, ²Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India

MRI methods have been used to measure increased brain water content in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) patients. However, these methods lack specificity to measure the increased water content from either the intracellular or extracellular compartment. In this work, we use a free-water eliminated diffusion tensor imaging (FWE-DTI) data processing approach to calculate the free water volume content fraction (f_FW) in the brains of HE and healthy control subjects. This water fraction is considered as a measure of water fraction contained in the extra-axonal and sulcal spaces. We found significant f_FW increases among HE patients indicating low-grade edema and glial swelling.

Mariken C.R. Hoegen^1,2, Nathalie Doorenweerd^1,2,3, Emma M. Broek¹, Kieren G. Hollingsworth⁴, Chiara Marini Bettolo⁵, Jos G.M. Hendriksen ^6,7, Erik H. Niks^2,8, Volker Straub³, and Hermien E. Kan^1,2
1Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands, ²Duchenne Center Netherlands, Leiden, Netherlands, ³John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, ⁴Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, ⁵Faculty of Medical Sciences, John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, ⁶Expertise Center Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, Netherlands, ⁷Duchenne Center Netherlands, Heeze, Netherlands, ⁸Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands

Clinical symptoms in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) not only affect the skeletal muscle but also the brain. We explored brain volume changes over a 2-4 year period in adolescents with DMD versus healthy controls (HC). Our preliminary results show no difference in growth curves between groups. We found a consistently lower total grey matter volume and no differences in white matter volume in DMD. Our data suggest that the differences in brain volume in DMD are non-progressive within the assessed age range of 8-20 years. 

Yangyingqiu Liu¹, Na Liu¹, Yanwei Miao¹, Ailian Liu¹, Jiazheng Wang², and Yishi Wang^2
1Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China

Iron deposition of the gray nucleus is quantitatively assessed by magnetic sensitivity value (MSV)using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), and its’ correlation to metabolic disorders index is also analyzed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).The results show that increased MSV value of gray nucleus in T2DM patients may be associated with metabolic disorders.

Adebayo B Braimah¹, Jonathan A Dudley¹, Jeffery Epstein², Leanne Tamm², and Stephen P Becker^2
1Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States, ²Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States

Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is a behavioral phenotype characterized by excessive daydreaming that is frequently present in children with ADHD. This study examined functional connectivity in children with ADHD and high SCT, children with ADHD and low SCT, and typically developing children. Resting state fMRI data were acquired and analyzed to examine group differences as well as associations with ordinal ADHD and SCT symptom scores. Three a priori seeds were generated from NeuroSynth to investigate connectivity patterns associated with default mode, attention, and orienting domains. SCT scores were negatively associated with connectivity between attentional and medial visual areas.

Manuel Blesa Cábez¹, Thijs Dhollander², Victoria J Monnelly¹, Alan J Quigley³, Scott I Semple⁴, Mark E Bastin⁴, and James P Boardman^1
1MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, ²Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia, ³Department of Radiology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, ⁴Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Methadone is often used for medication-assisted treatment of heroin addiction during pregnancy. Children with prenatal exposure to the drug are at increased risk of neurodevelopmental and behavioural impairment. We did fixel-based analysis with a group of 20 term born infants whose mothers had been prescribed methadone during pregnancy for the treatment of heroin addiction and a control group of 20 control infants. There was significant widespread reduction across the WM in fiber-bundle cross-section and fiber density and cross-section in the exposed group, this suggests that affected fibre bundles are less developed, similar to WM structures in preterm born babies.

Zhenyu Pan¹, Kun li¹, Dongtao Liu², Xiuqin Jia¹, Qiao Bu¹, Rui Jia¹, Tao Jiang¹, Yueluan Jiang³, Qinglei Shi³, and Lichun Zhou^2
1Department of Radiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China, ²Department of Neurology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China, ³MR Scientific Marketing, Diagnosis Imaging, Siemens Healthineers China, Beijing, China

Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is an advanced diffusion model based on an extender b value which characterizes water diffusion process as non-gaussian distribution, accordingly parameters derived from DKI are highly sensitive to changes in the microstructural tissue organization and the complexity of anisotropic environments. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the microstructural changes of anterior cingulum cortex (ACC) and depression in patients with cerebral small vascular disease (CSVD) by applying diffusion Kurtosis imaging.

Shilong Tang¹ and Lisha Nie^2
1Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, ²GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, Beijing, China

ASD is caused by multiple factors,some of the pathogenic factors or possible pathogenic factors have not been clearly identified. For example, the detection of trace elements in some children with ASD found that iron content was lower than normal. Whether the lower-than-normal level of trace iron causes the lower-than-normal level of brain iron remains to be further confirmed, as does the direction of causality, i.e., whether the abnormal level of brain iron leads to the occurrence of the disease or whether the disease leads to the abnormal level of brain iron .

Shenghai Wang¹, Juan Chen¹, Kechao Xu¹, Xiyao Zhang¹, Haining Li², and Zhengxian Zhang^1
1Yan 'an People's Hospital, Yan 'an, China, ²First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi 'an, China

The purpuse of this study was to assess microvascular perfusion and microstructural integrity using Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging in patients with acute CO poisoning.Thirteen patients with acute CO poisoning and 15  healthy subjects were enrolled. IVIM MRI was collected  using a 3.0-T scanner.The ROIs analysis was perforemed. The IVIM perfusion fraction was significantly reduced in multiple brain regions and IVIM diffusion metirc was significantly decreased in centrum semiovale and multiple subcortical gray matter nucleis in CO poisoning. This study shows that IVIM-DWI may be a promising method to assess brain perfusion and injury in acute CO poisoning.

Xiangliang Tan¹, Kan Deng², Yingjie Mei², Tianjing Zhang², Yang Song³, Qiaoli Yao¹, and Yikai Xu^1
1Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Guangzhou, China, ³Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China

The present study tried to use radiomics models to find the neuroanatomical biomarkers that can improve diagnosis in distinguishing non-neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (non-NPSLE) patients from controls. The results demonstrate that the grey matter volume parameter is an effective classification feature for the radiomics models to identify non-NPSLE patients from HC subjects. This classification performance may suggest that the proposed method is a promising approach for improving the clinical diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus.

hui hong¹, shuyue wang¹, xinfeng Yu², Yererfan Jiaerken², Xiaojun Guan², and minming zhang^2
1radiology, Zhejiang University, hangzhou, China, ²radiology, the second affiliated hospital of zhejiang university, school of medicine, hangzhou, China

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a genetic cerebral small vessel disease. Apart from widespread white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), increased deep gray matter iron deposition was also suggested. Whether there is an association between white matter injury and deep gray matter iron deposition is undetermined. Iron deposition in deep gray matter was supposed due to the secondary degeneration followed by destroyed white matter integrity. Therefore, we investigate the iron deposition the relationship between white matter integrity and iron deposition to reveal the underlying mechanism of deep gray matter iron deposition in CADASIL patients.

Zeyu Liu¹, Bo Hou¹, and Feng Feng^1
1Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a systemic autoimmune disease, had cognitive dysfunction. Resting-state functional MRI wasutilized to explore the whole-brain functional network connectivity in RA patients. The whole-brain functional connectivity strength in RA patients was altered and significantly correlated to cognitive performance.

Yuhan Jiang¹, Weiwei Wang¹, Peipei Chang¹, Yingqiu Liuyang¹, Bingbing Gao¹, Yiwei Che¹, Renwang Pu¹, Qingwei Song¹, Ailian Liu¹, Zhiwei Shen², Jiazheng Wang², and Yanwei Miao^1
1the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China, ²Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China

Amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) imaging is a novel molecular imaging technique to acquire the proton exchanged signals from the amide in proteins or peptides to water. Previous studies discover lateralization in the brain structure and function, including limbic system. However, it is not clear whether APTw also has lateral advantage. In this prospective study, we applied the automatic brain segmentation method to quantify the APTw signal values of limbic system in young healthy subjects. Significant differences of APTw signals between left and right brain hemisphere were found, which may suppose related with right-handedness.

Ryckie George Wade¹, Timothy T Griffiths¹, Robert Flather¹, Irvin Teh¹, Hamied A Haroon², David Shelley³, Sven Plein¹, and Grainne Bourke^3
1University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, ²University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, ³Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome (CuTS) is the 2nd most common compressive neuropathy affecting 6% of the population. Surgical decompression is the most effective treatment, but clinicians lack a reliable test to select patients for surgery. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) characterises tissue microstructure and so, DTI was acquired from 14 controls and 8 patients awaiting surgery in this proof-of-concept study. Patients had a significantly lower FA and higher RD than controls, throughout the length of the ulnar nerve. Therefore, DTI may add objective evidence of the ‘health’ of the ulnar nerve and aid the management of cubital tunnel syndrome.

Jun-Cheng Weng^1,2,3, Yu-Syuan Chou⁴, Yuan-Hsiung Tsai^5,6, and Vincent Chin-Hung Chen^3,5
1Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, and Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ²Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ³Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, ⁴Department of Radiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ⁵School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ⁶Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan

Our study aimed to investigate whether changes in brain function measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be detected among individuals with depressive disorders and suicidal ideation, including amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and graph theoretical analysis (GTA). We results suggest that brain functional connectivity may be affected in depressive patients with suicidal ideation. The findings from present study can serve as the basis for further algorithm studies by machine learning method to stratify the risk population.