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MGRAPPA: Motion Corrected GRAPPA for MRI
Michael Rawson1, Xiaoke Wang2, Ze Wang2, Radu Balan1,3, and Thomas Ernst2
1Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, United States, 2Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, 3Center for Scientific Computation and Mathematical Modeling, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, United States
MRI motion correction removes artifacts and parallel imaging greatly decreases scan times. However, together, severe artifacts occur. We introduce MGRAPPA to drastically reduce artifacts when using prospective motion correction and GRAPPA. We observe 41% L2 error reduction in vivo. 
Figure 1: Diagram showing flow of stages of scan and image reconstruction.
Figure 5: Left: Subject. Center: Residual/error of MGRAPPA reconstruction of Subject. Right: Residual/error of GRAPPA reconstruction of Subject. The motion is rotation by 9 degrees and translation by 5 and 1 voxels/pixels in x and y directions respectively. GRAPPA reconstruction, but not MGRAPPA, showed a clear ghosting artifact. Accordingly, the L2-norm error decreased 41% with MGRAPPA.