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Head Motion Tracking in MRI Using Novel Tiny Wireless Tracking Markers and Projection Signals
Liyuan LIANG1, Chim-Lee Cheung2, Ge Fang2, Justin Di-Lang Ho2, Chun-Jung Juan3,4,5, Hsiao-Wen Chung6, Ka-Wai Kwok2, and Hing-Chiu Chang1
1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 3Department of Medical Imaging, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 4Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 5Department of Medical Imaging, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, 6Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
In this study, we evaluated the tracking performance of a novel tiny wireless tracking marker by using a linear motion phantom, and tested the feasibility in omnidirectional 3D head motion tracking using three tiny wireless tracking markers. 
Figure 1. (a) The setup for phantom test. (b) Three markers were stuck on a wooden rod, and then attached on the base plate of the MR motion phantom, which can produce smooth linear motion. (c) Left: wireless tracking marker proposed in reference [2]; Right: marker used in our method. (d-f) Demonstration of our homemade head strap. Markers were placed in plastic holders and then attached on the headbands.
Figure 4. Tracking results of in-vivo experiments. (a-c) Measured tracking traces along three directions (LR: left-right, SI: superior-inferior, AP: anterior-posterior) when head shaking was performed. (d-g) Measured positions in 3D space for three markers at two selected time points (red and green markers in Fig.4a).