Hannes Dillinger1, Charles McGrath1, and Sebastian Kozerke1
1Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
1Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Using CFD and MRI particle tracking simulations, we demonstrate that velocity encoding gradients used in 4D Flow MRI lead to systematic underestimation of Reynolds Stress Tensor values of stenotic flows.
Figure 1: (A) VEG waveforms used in simulation and corresponding spectra. (B) The overlap of motion spectra and VEG spectra defines the encoding power of the VEG. Depending on the eddy frequency$$$\;f_{eddy}\;$$$, VEGs can exhibit insufficient spectral coverage.
Figure 3: (A) Simulation results for VEGs of different frequencies. While mean velocity is estimated without bias, RST values are underestimated depending on VEG frequency. Increasing the VEG frequency reduces underestimation of RST values. (B) Profiles along FOVx and FOVz for estimated RST vs. Ground Truth.
