Aaron Oliver-Taylor1, Thomas Hampshire1, Nadia A S Smith2, Michael Stritt3, Jan Petr4, Johannes Gregori3, Matthias Günther3,5, Henk J Mutsaerts6, and Xavier Golay1,7
1Gold Standard Phantoms Limited, London, United Kingdom, 2National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom, 3mediri GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany, 4Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany, 5Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany, 6Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 7Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
1Gold Standard Phantoms Limited, London, United Kingdom, 2National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom, 3mediri GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany, 4Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany, 5Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany, 6Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 7Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
ASLDRO is digital reference object software for Arterial Spin Labelling. Here we present the development and use of the DRO software, and its use in a sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the single-subtraction equation for ASL perfusion quantification.
a. Tissue segmentation volume from the input ground truth obtained from the ICBM 2009a Nonlinear Symmetric atlas12. Values in the table in b. are assigned to each of the regions for each quantity volume, relaxation times are for 3 Tesla. c. Example DRO output control, label and corresponding difference images. d. Four transversal MRI slices output from ExploreASL for two DROs with same perfusion but with and without motion. tSNR = temporal signal-to-noise ratio.
Histograms (200 bins) of the randomly sampled input parameters (a-e). Labelling efficiency values were limited to a maximum of 1, resulting in an excess of samples with value 1.0. Histograms (200 bins) and fitted gaussians of the output mean CBF for grey matter (f) and white matter (g). Input-output graph showing the values of the mean CBF in each ROI for both the resampled ground truth, and the results form the Whitepaper equation calculation (h), error bars show one standard deviation.
