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Total Deep Variation Regularization for Improved Iterative Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (TDV-QSM)
Carlos Milovic1, Jose Manuel Larrain2,3, and Karin Shmueli1
1Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 2Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 3Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
We used a pretrained Total Deep Variation denoising network to regularize iterative QSM. It gave better error metrics than state-of-the-art Total Variation and Total Generalized Variation regularizations in brain phantoms and subtly improved susceptibility map appearance in vivo.
Figure 3: Optimal reconstructions of the RC2 numerical phantom for all regularization methods (TDV, TV and TGV). TDV results show better depiction of the veins and streaking artifact suppression relative to TV and TGV (relevant areas highlighted with red arrows).
Figure 1: Optimal reconstructions and error maps of COSMOS-based forward simulations (RC1) for all regularization methods (TDV, TV and TGV). A sagittal, coronal and axial slice are shown. All methods were terminated after 500 iterations. TDV shows better depiction of cortical areas and less staircasing and streaking artifacts (highlighted with red arrows) than TV and TGV and achieves better RMSE and XSIM scores. Detailed comparisons between TV and TDV are shown for each labeled region (a-d).