Hanyu Wei^1,2, Le He¹, Rui Li¹, and Yu Ma^3
1Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, ²Tsinghua University, Bejing, China, ³Department of Neurosurgery, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, China

Levodopa therapy of Parkinson’s disease(PD) was considered to have effects on dopamine and norepinephrine levels therefore tending to alter the cardiovascular circulation. To find how cerebral perfusion changes in the levodopa process among PD patients, both perfusion capacity and spatial patterns computations were performed in this study. The initial conclusion is no obvious evidence supporting that cerebral perfusion alternation was effected in levodopa process. Further investigations were required to validate this point of view.

juan li¹, guangrui shao¹, and weiqiang dou^2
1The Second Hospital of Shandong University, jinan, China, ²MR Research, GE Healthcare, beijing, China

This study aimed to compare the difference of blood perfusion and collateral circulation compensation between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with severe stenosis or occlusion of unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) by using 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pcASL) at two different post labeling delays (PLD) times of 1.5s and 2.5s and territorial pcASL with bilateral internal carotid arteries, ipsilateral external carotid artery and vertebrobasilar artery labelled. 49 patients (26 symptomatic and 23 asymptomatic) were recruited. Compared with symptomatic group, asymptomatic group showed significantly stronger collateral circulation and higher number of patients with secondary collateral circulation opening.

Xueqin Xia¹, Li Yang^2,3, Ruofan Sheng^2,3, Rencheng Zheng⁴, Weibo Chen⁵, Chengyan Wang¹, Mengsu Zeng^2,3,6, and He Wang^1,4
1Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, ²Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, ³Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China, ⁴Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, ⁵Philips Healthcare, Shanghai, China, ⁶Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

The judgment of the three major features of LI-RADS by radiologists is subjective and time-consuming. We proposed an explainable and quantitative algorithm based on DCE MRI to recognize the three major features and then get LI-RADS grades together with tumor diameter. The AUC is 0.96, 0.92, 0.70 in the validation set and 0.98, 0.90, 0.76 in the testing set for arterial phase hyper-enhancement (APHE), washout, and capsule. The overall accuracy of LI-RADS grades is 0.68 and 0.71 for the validation and testing set. The developed automatic LI-RADS grading system can provide explainable results for HCC diagnosis with high efficiency.

Bei Wang¹, He Wang^1,2, Ying-Hua Chu³, Yuxin Shi⁴, Dan-Chao Cai⁴, and Yi Zhan^4
1Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, ²Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, ³MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Shanghai, China, ⁴Radiology department，Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

We examined the effects of HIV on the structure of cerebrovasculature and the interactions among HIV infection, brain tissue volume and cerebrovascular structure.  Decreased cerebral vessel volume, vessel length and branch number were found in people with HIV.  HIV related gray matter loss was found caused by the decreasing vessel length. Additionally, decreasing vessel distribution in left insula was found in vessel probability atlas in people with HIV, which may relate to  various clinical symptoms.

Yan Bai¹, Yaping Wu¹, Wei Wei¹, Xianchang Zhang², and Meiyun Wang^1
1Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China, ²MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Beijing, China

Increased global and regional cerebral blood flow were observed in recovered corona virus disease 2019 patients, which may reflect the brain’s compensatory responses following corona virus disease 2019.

Xiaoxi Yu¹, Zhaoxi Liu², Jianxun Qu³, Fengdan Wang², Zhichao Lai¹, Jiangyu Ma¹, Xiaoyuan Fan², Luming Ye⁴, Jiang Shao¹, Yan Zhang², Feng Feng², Bao Liu¹, and Zhengyu Jin^2
1Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China, ²Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China, ³Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Beijing, China, ⁴Advanced Therapies Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Beijing, China

This study used blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI to assess the hemodynamics of the lower limbs for patients with peripheral artery disease. We obtained dynamic change of BOLD T2* with high temporal and spatial resolution in reactive hyperemia experiment and found good correlation between BOLD parameters and clinical walking performance, which verified the significance of perfusion measurement for clinical assessment.

Mengqiu Cao¹, xiaoqing wang², ke xue³, Yongming Dai³, and Yan Zhou^2
1Department of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shangha, shanghai, China, ²Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shangha, shanghai, China, ³MR Collaboration, Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China, shanghai, China

Spectral analysis using non-negative least squares in a modified tri-exponential muti-b-value diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) enables estimation of an intermediate component in the diffusion spectrum between parenchymal diffusion and microvascular pseudo-diffusion. Several studies have suggested the intermediate component to be with the glymphatic alterations in different disease state. The aim of this this study aims to investigate whether the modified tri-exponential model are effective in evaluating the grading and IDH-1 gene type of gliomas.

Hui Zhang^1,2, Tom Wai-Hin Chung³, Fergus Kai-Chuen Wong⁴, Siddharth Sridhar^3,5,6, Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung^6,7, and Henry Ka-Fung Mak^1,2,8
1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ²Alzheimer's Disease Research Network, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ³Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ⁴Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ⁵State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ⁶Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ⁷The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ⁸State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

To identify the functional abnormalities of olfactory network (ON) and default mode network (DMN) in COVID-19 patients, resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) was applied in this study. Seed-based and ROI × ROI analysis were used to calculate the inter- and intra-network connectivity of DMN and ON. In the results, COVID-19 patients showed higher intranetwork connectivity in DMN and internetwork connectivity between ON and DMN. We postulated that these greater activities compensate for the deficits of olfactory processing and general well-being. In addition, our study suggests rs-fMRI to be a useful biomarker for the evaluation of COVID patients.

Nanfang Pan¹, Song Wang¹, Kun Qin¹, Yajing Long¹, and Qiyong Gong^1
1Huaxi MR Research Center, Chengdu, China

In the prospective investigation of public mental health following COVID-19 pandemic, we assessed the psychological status of a general sample. Furthermore, we built a brain-distress construct which mainly contained within- and between-DMN connection patterns, and the left hippocampus emerged as the hub region in distress-related connectome. Based on customized brain connectomes, we may identify individuals who confer high vulnerability to pandemic-induced distress symptoms with well-performing predictive modeling. Our findings may facilitate the understanding of neural correlates underlying distress on the individual macro-scale network level, and the susceptibility markers may serve as targets for prevention and intervention.

Chih-Chien Tsai^1,2, An-Shine Chao³, Ngoc-Thanh Hoang⁴, and Jiun-Jie Wang^1,2,5,6
1Department of Medical imaging and Radiological Science, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ²Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ³Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ⁴Department of Radiology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam, ⁵Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ⁶Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan

Pain management during labor is an essential part of general obstetric care. Use nonpharmacological methods such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain relief is necessary because the risk from anesthetics and analgesics to the mother and fetus should always be considered. Therefore, we investigate the neural network alteration of the brain in pain relief by TENS during labor. Our findings indicated the TENS during labor might change functional connectivity of the pain-related network to reach the effect of pain relief, which improve our understanding of the neural representations of nociceptive and visceral pain-related networks.

Louisa Dahmani^1,2, Yan Bai¹, Meiling Li², Lunhao Shen², Jianxun Ren², Jianjun Ma¹, Danhong Wang², Lei Du², Weigang Cui³, Meiyun Wang¹, and Hesheng Liu^2,3
1Henan Provincial People’s Hospital & People Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, ²Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, United States, ³Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States

We used Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound to reduce hand tremor in 13 patients with Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor, by lesioning the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus. We also investigated the functional reorganization of the brain after the procedure. We observed a 67% reduction in target hand tremor following the procedure. The regions that showed above-average change in functional connectivity are part of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical tremor network, confirming that lesioning the VIM was successful in targeting this network. We also observed some normalization in the functional connectivity of the target hand motor region, congruent with tremor alleviation.

Caterina Brighi^1,2, David E. J. Waddington^1,2, Farhannah Aly^2,3,4, Eng-Siew Koh^2,3,4, Amy Walker^2,3,4, Philip C. de Witt Hamer^5,6, Niels Verburg^5,6, Lois C. Holloway^2,3,4, Brendan Whelan^1,2, Cathy Chen³, and Paul J. Keall^1,2
1ACRF Image X Institute, Sydney School of Health Science, The University of Sydney, Eveleigh, Australia, ²Medical Physics, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia, ³Liverpool and Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centres, Liverpool, Australia, ⁴South West Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, ⁵Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands, ⁶Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) promises to guide dose painting (DP) radiotherapy to improve local control rates in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. In this study we develop a workflow for DP based on a clinically validated mpMRI model of infiltrative tumour in GBM patients. We demonstrate the repeatability of DP prescriptions, the quality of the resulting DP plans, and that DP can improve modelled local control rates over standard radiotherapy in GBM patients. Our findings provide evidence of technical and clinical validation steps, which are key for the clinical translation of mpMRI-based DP in GBM.

XUCHEN YU¹, Hongwei Li¹, Min He², Weibo Chen³, Jing Ding², and He Wang ^1
1Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, ²Department of Neurology, The Affilated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China, ³Philips Healthcare, Shanghai, China

Most of the lacunar infarcts are small and asymptomatic, while it could not illustrate brain function is normal. Due to the potential impact of early disseminated lacunar infarcts on brain network and function remains unclear, the objective of this study was to assess whether there were changes in brain network and functional connectivity.

Na Zhao^1,2,3,4,5, Yang Qiao ^1,2,3,4,6, Juan Yue^1,2,3, Ying Jing^1,2,3, Meng Zhang^1,2,3, Jianguo Zhang⁷, Zhen Yuan^4,6, Yong Zhang⁸, Yu-Tao Xiang^4,5, Jue Wang⁹, and Yu-Feng Zang^1,2,3
1Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China, Hangzhou, China, ²Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China, Hangzhou, China, ³Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China, Hangzhou, China, ⁴Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China, Taipa, Macau, ⁵Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China, Taipa, Macau, ⁶Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China, Taipa, Macau, ⁷Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical, Beijing, China, ⁸MR Research, GE Healthcare, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, China, ⁹Institute of sports medicine and health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China, Chengdu, China

The current study developed an AutoSTN method to help automatically localize the dorsolateral STN (DL-STN) according to steps in deep brain stimulation (DBS). Furthermore, for the consideration of the RS-fMRI FC-guided rTMS clinical study and application, we developed one-stop plug-in named ‘CC-CAT’ which could serve any RS-fMRI FC-guided rTMS treatment.