zhenghua Liu^1
1Radiology, Honghui Hospital Affiliated Xi’an Jiaotong University, xi an, China

Keywords: Bone, Quantitative Imaging, Osteoporosis; Bone density

In this study, we investigated the relationship between vertebral R2* and FF based on IDEAL-IQ sequences and BMD based on QCT, and then performed diagnostic experiments. The results revealed a definite but weak linear relationship between R2* with FF and BMD, which has limited value as a diagnostic indicator for OP and osteopenia, but has some potential as a complement to FF and BMD for fine quantification of bone marrow conversion and bone mineral loss.

Shuo Zhang¹, Qingwei Song¹, Hongbo Feng¹, Qianrui Guo², and Yang Yang^3
1The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China, ²Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China, ³Beijing United Imaging Research Institute of Intelligent Imaging, Beijing, China

Keywords: Bone, Data Acquisition

Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and fat-water magnetic resonance imaging (FWMRI) are rarely used for vertebral and intervertebral disc. To search for predictive value of them in assessing the lumbar spine microenvironment changes, we performed a study with postmenopausal women combined the parameters with bone mineral density (BMD) and major fracture risk assessment (FRAX) score. We report that fat fraction (FF) has significant correlation with FRAX, FF was moderately negatively correlated with BMD; ADC_slow of intervertebral discs showed moderately negatively correlation with FRAX score and FF. IVIM and FWMRI have potential to become new biomarkers in predicting lumbar spine microenvironment changes.

fan qiu ju¹, tan hui¹, yu nan ¹, and wang shao yu^2
1Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,, xianyang, China, ²MR senior Scientific Marketing Specialist,Siemens Healthineers, Shang hai, China

Keywords: Bone, Quantitative Imaging, Multiecho Dixon Technique , IVIM-DWI

Bone mineral density (BMD) is a common standard for evaluating osteoporosis, but it can only reflect the change of bone mass, not the microscopic nodules of tissueChange of structure.Multi-echo Dixon and IVIM-DWI were used to evaluate the changes of spinal bone marrow microstructure in osteoporosis, osteopenia and normal subjects.The results showed that there were significant differences in FF, D and D* between osteoporosis, osteopenia and normal subjects.These results indicate that IVIM-DWI can quantitatively reflect the changes of lumbar microcirculation and fat content, and can be used as a biomarker for the progression of osteoporosis. 

Hui Wang¹, Weiyin Vivian Liu², Wen Chen³, Jingyu Jiang⁴, Ling Sang³, Peng Zhang³, and Hu Chen^3
1Hubei University of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Taihe Hospital,, Hubei, China, ²GE Healthcare, Beijing, China, ³Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei, China, ⁴Biomedical Engneering College, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China

Keywords: Bone, Bone

X-ray showed no significant abnormalities at early stage of OA, but obvious manifestation appeared in the middle and late stages. Our study demonstrated that joint space and joint angle can be measured on ZTE-MRI in evaluation of knee mechanical function and further support anatomical evaluation using Kellgren-Lawrence grading system that is the most widely used method for osteosurgeons in diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. We also found both JS and CD were correlated with KLZTE score and both showed significant difference between mild/moderate and advanced groups. Therefore, ZTE-MRI has great potential in displaying structure abnormality.

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Vineet Mehta¹, Deepthi Sundaran¹, Jignesh Dholakia¹, Maggie Fung², and Michael Carl^3
1GE Healthcare, Bengaluru, India, ²GE Healthcare, New York City, NY, United States, ³GE Healthcare, San Diego, CA, United States

Keywords: Bone, Visualization, Volume Rendering

This study presents a new Deep-Learning (DL) based processing pipeline to enable one-click volume rendering of MR Bone Zero TE (ZTE) images. It comprises of DL based background subtraction followed by histogram adjustment. A comparison with existing algorithms demonstrates that the proposed method prevails in accuracy of background subtraction (DICE = 0.97) and eliminates the tedious, error-prone manual steps of segmentation and histogram adjustment required to prepare the data for usable volume rendering. It can also be used universally across anatomies as opposed to other methods requiring anatomy-specific tuning. 

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Brian-Tinh Duc Vu^1,2, Brandon C. Jones^1,2, Rajiv S. Deshpande^1,2, Hyunyeol Lee^2,3, Trevor J. Chan^1,2, Nada Kamona^1,2, Sabrina Ripsman², Dilini Ranaweera², and Chamith S. Rajapakse^2,4
1Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, ²Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States, ³School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea, Republic of, ⁴Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

Keywords: Bone, Bone, Osteoporosis

The high resolution needed for quantification of trabecular bone biometrics in the proximal femur results in a prohibitively long scan time for clinical screening. Parallel imaging and compressed sensing (PICS) can reduce scan times by undersampling k-space while producing images comparable in quality to that of the Nyquist-sampled scan. Here, we show PICS recovers information on the trabecular microarchitecture at a quality comparable to that of Nyquist-sampled 3D balanced steady-state free precession. We quantify several parameters of trabecular bone for various acceleration factors to investigate the upper limit of PICS acceleration for femoral imaging.

Futing Feng¹, Wei Wang¹, Meining Chen², Lusi Liu¹, Mixue Sun¹, and Min Luo^1
1Department of Radiology, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China, ²Department of MR Scientific Marketing,, Siemens Healthineers, Shanghai, China

Keywords: Bone, Degenerative

The diagnostic performance of MR T2w-based Pfirrmann classification decreases in early and severe stages in patients with lower back pain(LBP). The MR mapping technique, including q-Dixon and T2 mapping, allows for visualization and quantification of the discs and vertebrae in patients with LBP. The changes of bone marrow fat (BMF), T2 and T2* values can be seen in different pain levels and Pfirrmann classification, with great potential in quantifying biochemical degeneration of the lumbar spine. 

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Dimitri Martel¹, Benjamin Leporq², Anmol Monga¹, Stephen Honig³, and Gregory Chang^1
1Radiology, NYU Langone, New York, NY, United States, ²Université de Lyon; CREATIS CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France, ³Osteoporosis Center, Hospital for Joint Diseases, NYU Langone, New York, NY, United States

Keywords: Bone, Radiomics

Recent studies using Chemical Shift Encoded-MRI have used textural analysis to assess vertebral marrow heterogeneities in postmenopausal women and in paraspinal muscle to predict its strength. Radiomics provide another means to quantify bone marrow on MR images, specifically by analyzing texture, shape, and intensity distribution in the region of interest. Our aim was to investigate whether radiomic features in fatty acid composition maps of the proximal femur bone marrow improve the prediction of osteoporotic fracture.

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Erick O. Buko^1,2, Douglas Albrecht¹, Alexandra R. Armstrong¹, Ferenc Tóth¹, and Casey P. Johnson^1,2
1Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States, ²Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States

Keywords: Bone, Ischemia

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a pediatric hip disorder caused by femoral head ischemia and osteonecrosis. In this work, we investigated whether 3D T2 and T1ρ relaxation time mapping are sensitive to ischemic injury to the bone and marrow of the femoral epiphysis and metaphysis following surgical induction of femoral head ischemia in a piglet model of LCPD. We found that T2 and T1ρ increased in the ischemic femoral epiphysis and decreased in the perfused metaphyseal spongiosa. Our findings support the potential clinical use of T2 and T1ρ mapping to assess the severity of femoral head injury in patients with LCPD.

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Dina Moazamian¹, Xiaojun Chen¹, Arya Suprana¹, Andrew Andrew Xia¹, Saeed Jerban¹, Bhavsimran Malhi¹, Michael Carl², Eric Y Chang^1,3, Yajun Ma¹, Hyungseok Jang¹, and Jiang Du^1,3,4
1Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States, ²Radiology, GE Healthcare, San Diego, CA, United States, ³VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States, ⁴Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States

Keywords: Bone, Bone

Ultrashort echo time (UTE) and zero echo time (ZTE) sequences have been extensively investigated for imaging of short T2 species. The ZTE sequence has a shorter effective TE than UTE and may be superior in imaging ultrashort T2 species. This study investigated whether ZTE could directly image collagen backbone protons in bovine cortical bone and human patellar tendon samples after D2O exchange and freeze-drying. Our experimental results demonstrate that collagen backbone protons are "invisible" with ZTE, which may not be able to directly image species with T2s of ~10 µs.

Jun Zhang¹, Lina Zhuang¹, Nan Wang², Lihua Chen², Qinhe Zhang², Shuheng Zhang², Yuyin Man², Qingwei Song², and Ailian Liu^2
1Discussion and Conclusions, Dalian, China, ²The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

Keywords: Bone, Bone

 The integrated high-quality intervention mode is adopted for patients with knee joint injuries, combined with super large aperture magnetic resonance equipment, to effectively relieve the negative emotions of patients, relieve pain, improve scanning efficiency and safety, and enhance scanning efficiency and safety.

Jienan Wang¹, ShuQing Chen², LiFei Ma², Rui Zhang², and XiaoMeng Wu^2
1Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People‘s Hosptial, Shanghai, China, ²Philips, Shanghai, China

Keywords: Bone, MSK, MRI One-stop-shop, T2 mapping, FRACTURE (FFE Resembling A CT Using Restricted Echo - spacing)

In this study, shoulder imaging was achieved by MRI one-stop imaging, which contained different sequences. After the post-processing, a variety of fusion images could be formed to comprehensively evaluate the soft tissue, nerve, cartilage and bone of the shoulder, and then gave us a comprehensive view of the shoulder.

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Nan Wang¹, Qingwei Song¹, Ailian Liu¹, Guobin Li², Shuheng Zhang², Yunfei Zhang³, and Yongming Dai^3
1the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China, ²Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China, ³MR Collaboration, Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China

Keywords: Bone, Joints

ACS combines CS, half Fourier HF and parallel imaging (PI), and introduces deep learning neural network as AI module into the reconstruction process. Millions of fully sampled data are used to train AI models, so as to suppress various reconstruction artifacts introduced by traditional acceleration methods under high acceleration factors without affecting anatomy and pathological structures. ACS is used for noise suppression, artifact reduction and information recovery. ACS can effectively correct any major errors of single acceleration methods, thus providing a higher acceleration level for MRI imaging.

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Nan Wang¹, Qingwei Song¹, Ailian Liu¹, Jiazheng Wang², and Liangjie Lin^2
1the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China, ²Clinical and Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China

Keywords: Bone, Bone

FRACTURE sequence does not need to control TE time within 1ms, but uses multi-echo three-dimensional fast field echo, FFE) sequence to perform magnetic resonance imaging with fixed echo interval. After scanning, bone images with high contrast and high signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained through echo accumulation, subtraction and gray scale inversion.

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Xiufeng Li¹, Jutta Ellermann¹, and Gregory J. Metzger^1
1University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States

Keywords: Bone, Perfusion, ASL, Knee, 7T, Ultrhigh Field

Knee epiphyseal bone marrow ASL imaging (called knee ASL imaging in the following) is challenging due to very low perfusion in epiphyseal yellow bone marrow mainly consisting of fat cells with a sparse network of capillaries. In general, it is known that higher magnetic fields (i.e. ≥7T) can specifically benefit ASL imaging. However, the specific potential benefits in the knee have not been systematically evaluated to date. We have performed theoretical simulations to explore the potential gain for knee ASL imaging at 7T compared to 3T and present our preliminary experimental results comparing both field strengths.

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Alessandra Maiuro^1,2, Daniele Mattioli², Guglielmo Manenti³, Elena Gasbarra⁴, Umberto Tarantino⁴, and Silvia Capuani^1,2
1Physics, CNR Institute for Complex Systems (ISC), Rome, Italy, ²Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, ³Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Policlinico Tor Vergata Foundation, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy, ⁴Orthopedics and Traumatology, Policlinico Tor Vergata Foundation, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy

Keywords: Bone, Spectroscopy, Osteoporosis, Fatty acids, Osteoarthritis, Muscle

The metabolic pathways involved in the development of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, was investigated by SVS1H MRS. Metabolites and fatty acids of the bone marrow and the adjacent muscle of healthy, osteoporotic and osteoarthritic woman were quantified using LCModel. The increase of E23 resonance in muscles is a potential marker of sarcopenia correlated to osteoporosis. The decrease of the L53 resonance in bone marrow highlights the presence of osteoporosis (together with total lipids increase) or osteoarthritis (together with bone marrow water increase).

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Saeed Jerban ^1,2,3, Yajun Ma^1,2, Salem Alenezi ⁴, Dina Moazamian¹, Jiyo Athertya¹, Hyungseok Jang^1,2, Erik Dorthe⁵, Darryl Dlima⁵, Gina Woods⁶, Christine B Chung^1,2, Eric Y Chang^1,2, and Jiang Du^1,2
1Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, San Diego, CA, United States, ²Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, San Diego, CA, United States, ³Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, San Diego, CA, United States, ⁴Research and Laboratories Sector, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, ⁵Shiley Center for Orthopedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA, San Diego, CA, United States, ⁶Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, San Diego, CA, United States

Keywords: Bone, Bone

The cortical bone porous microstructure can be evaluated using ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI. UTE-MRI-based evaluation of bone has been underutilized partly due to the high cost and time demands of MRI in general. The porosity index (PI) and the suppression ratio (SR) are two rapid UTE-based bone evaluation techniques (~ 5 mins scan time each), which can potentially reduce the time demand and cost in future clinical studies. We have investigated the relationship of PI and SR measures with human cortical bone microstructural and mechanical properties. PI and SR showed significant correlations with microstructural and mechanical properties.

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Matthew Mader, MD¹, Diego Hernando, PhD², Rianne A. van der Heijden, MD PhD¹, Scott B. Reeder, MD PhD³, and Ali Pirasteh, MD^2
1Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ²Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ³Radiology, Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Medicine, Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States

Keywords: Bone, Fat, Fat fraction

Bone marrow relative fat-fraction (rFF) measured using dual-echo gradient echo (GRE) in- and opposed phase imaging, has been proposed as an early predictor of treatment response in multiple myeloma. In this work we demonstrate that in patients without known bone marrow pathology (referred for liver fat/iron quantification), bone marrow rFF is unreliable and suffers from large bias when compared with proton density fat-fraction (PDFF), acquired using quantitative chemical-shift encoded (CSE) MRI. Hence, PDFF should be considered for future approaches using bone marrow fat-fraction as a predictor of treatment response in multiple myeloma.