I had a few jobs in High School. One lasted just one day: it was making hoagies at a stand connected to a beverage warehouse, towards the edge of the little town I grew up in. While getting some supplies from the warehouse, the owner was taking perverse pleasure in having his dog urinate on the cases of beer. I sensed he was an odd guy, but this was two standard deviations past weird. From that day forward, I have only drunk beer out of bottles.
At that time beer (and most beverage) cans had pull tabs that were not connected to the can and would litter the streets of my, and many other towns. Soon thereafter, the stay tab was introduced. This innovation permanently attached the tab to the can, with it flipping inward when opening. The principle was to decrease pollution by allowing for a single potentially recyclable entity.
In Japan, and much of Asia, this transition was delayed. I once asked a host there why they still used the pull off can top? He answered that it was disgusting to put something from the outside into something you ingest. Remembering the boss’s dog urination episode, I realized that the Japanese had a point.
I just returned from a (very) short trip to Scotland. There (and I presume in all of the UK), the plastic soda bottle cap remained attached to the mother bottle, via a clever integrated design. It seemed that the principle was the same as the stay tab-provide for a single, combined unit to recycle.
This engineering solution made drinking from the bottle somewhat awkward. This difficulty to drink from Diet Coke bottle brought to mind that in science we develop solutions. That solution is based on the problem. Often the fun is trying to ponder a creative way to solve an issue. And indeed, this semi-attached bottle cap was quite an inventive bit of engineering.
When you write a paper, the beginning of the introduction should present the problem. The following paragraphs should be the intellectual progression of solutions and why you are now doing this specific experiment. A reasonable foundation for an experiment might be a method that allows easy recycling and at the same time avoiding having my beer contaminated. I would drink to that.
Mark E. Schweitzer, MD
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Clinical Translation of Integrated PET‐MRI for Neurodegenerative Disease
Timothy M. Shepherd, Siddhant Dogra
Page: spcone | First Published: 16 December 2025
Multifrequency three-dimensional MR elastography at 5 different frequencies in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and bile duct ligation (BDL) models. Elastograms, wave images, and magnitude images are displayed for the CCl4 (a) and BDL (b) models at five vibration frequencies (200 Hz, 150 Hz, 100 Hz, 80 Hz, and 60 Hz). Wave images demonstrate good shear wave propagation across the liver at all frequencies. The bar graphs summarize the Spearman correlation coefficients (r) of liver stiffness values at different frequencies with histopathological liver fibrosis stage (left) and the positive area of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (right). *p < 0.05 when compared with the correlation coefficients at 200 Hz. By Zhou et al. (1841–1853)
Integrated FDG PET-MRI images suggest increased risk for underlying Alzheimer’s disease pathology in 73 year old with memory loss and word finding difficulty. On MRI there is severe hippocampal atrophy (A; axial FLAIR; arrow), mild biparietal sulcal prominence (B; coronal MPRAGE; arrows) and mild white matter changes (C; axial FLAIR; arrow). FDG surface maps demonstrate symmetric confluent parietotemporal lobe FDG hypometabolism (D; arrows). By Shepherd and Dogra (60–78)
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